• Title/Summary/Keyword: PHA synthesis

검색결과 39건 처리시간 0.022초

The Studies of Copolymer, Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxy valerate) Synthesis in Recombinant pha+ Escherichia coli

  • Lee, Ha-Young;Rhie, Ho-Gun
    • 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국동물학회 1996년도 한국생물과학협회 국제학술대회
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    • pp.195.2-195
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    • 1996
  • acs gene cloning was constructed by subcloning the 2.2-kb MunI-MunI restriction fragment of 638 and 639 which include acs gene from the kohara phage into the unique EcoRI site of pUC18 and pJM9131 containing the PHA biosynthesis genes. Then recombinant E. coli fadRatoC(Con) mutants containing the polyhydroxyalkanoate(PHA) biosynthesis genes are able to incoporate s significant levels of 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) into the copolymer [P(3HB-co-3HV)]. Quantitative determination of PHB and P(3HB-co-3HV) was performed by gas-chromatographic analysis of extracts obtained from methanolysis of lyophilized cells.

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락톤류로부터 Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava와 Ralstonia eutropha H16 두 세균에 의한 공중합 PHA의 합성 및 미세구조적 특성 연구 (Synthesis of Copolymeric PHA by Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava and Ralstonia eutropha H16 from Vari-ous Lactones and Their Microstructural Studies)

  • 장영옥;남원;최문환;송재준;윤성철
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.71-79
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    • 2000
  • Two typess of copolyesters, poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-4-hydroxy-butyric acid)[P(3HB-co-4HB] and poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-3-hydroxyvaleric acid)[P(3HB-co-3HV)], with various monomer ratios and different degree of microstructural heterogeneity were synthesized from Ralstonia eutropha H16 and Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava by using ${\gamma}$-butyrolactone and ${\gamma}$-valerolactone, respectively. The two bacteria showed a large difference in the utilization of ${\gamma}$-butyrolactone for cell growth and PHA synthesis. H. pseudoflava synthesized P(3HB-co-4HB) copolyesters with a wide range of 4HB content from 13 to 96 mol% depending on culture conditions, whiel R. eutropha H16 was able to synthesize the copolyesters containing less than 20 mol% of 4HB. An increase in the 4HB content in the P(3HB-co-4HB) copolyesters synthesized by H. pseud-oflava induced an lowering of their melting temperatures as well as their enthalpies of fusion. The increase in the 4HB content, however, increased the rate of degradation by an extracellular P(3HB) depolymerase. NMR spectros-copy and differential scanning calorimetry showed that the P(3HB-co-4HB) copolyesters from H. pseudoflava were generally microstructurally heterogeneous. The P(3HB-co-4HB) copolyesters) synthesized by R. eutropha H16 were rather random copolymers showing less microstructural heterogeneity than those synthesized by H. pseudoflava. The NMR D value analysis suggested that the monomer distribution of the P(3HB-co-3HV) copolymers from the two bacteria were relatively random.

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Pseudomonas sp. HJ-2를 이용한 고무탄성 Polyhydroxyalkanoate의 생산 (Production of Rubber-Elastic Polyhydroxyalkanoates by Pseudomonas sp. HJ-2)

  • 정정욱;최강욱;김영백;이영하
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제36권2호
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    • pp.155-160
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    • 2000
  • Pseudomonas sp. HJ-2는 heptanoinc acid를 단일탄소원으로 이용하여 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB),3-hydroxy-velerate (3HV) 및 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HHp)를 구성 단위체로 하는 고무탄성 polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)를 생합성한다. 이 미생물 고분자는 poly(3HB-co-3HV)공중합체와 poly(3HHp) 단일중합체로 이루어진 혼합물임이 밝혀졌다. 본 연구에서는 PHA가 고무탄성체로서의 성질을 유지하는데 필용한 단위체 조성과 HJ-2의 배양조건이 PHA의 생산 및 단위체 조성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. 생합성된 PHA의 탄성률은 poly(3HHp)의 존재로 크게 감소되었으나, 3HV의 함량이 높은 poly(3HB-co-3HV) 자체도 최대변형률 740%로서 고무탄성체로서의 성질을 보였다. HJ-2의 생장 및 PHA 생합성은 탄소원인 heptanoic acid의 초기농도가 40mMdlfEo 가장 높았으나, 50mM의 농도에서는 큰 저해를 받았다. PHA 생합성은 질소와 인이 결핍된 조건에서 크게 증가되었다. 배양액의 pH 및 통기는 HJ-2로부터 생합성되는 PHA의 단위체 조성에 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. pH 7.5에서 생합성되는 고분자는 poly(3HB-co-38% 3HV)인 반면에 pH8.0에서의 고분자는 3HHp가 95%를 차지하였다. 발효조의 교반속도를 달리한 실험의 결과 고분자 내 3HHp의 함량은 산소전달 속도가 높아질수록 증가하였다.

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Sucrose를 탄소원으로 재조합 대장균에 의한 Poly(3-Hydroxybutyric Acid) 합성시 복합질소원이 미치는 영향 (Effect of Complex Nitrogen Sources on Poly(3-Hydroxybutyric Acid) Synthesis by Recombinant Escherichia coli Using Sucrose as a Carbon Source)

  • 이상엽;장호남
    • KSBB Journal
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.137-142
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    • 1995
  • Sucrose를 탄소원으로 이용할 수 있는 대장균 W 를 A. eutrophus PHA 합성 유전자가 cloning된 높 은 복제수의 plasmid pSYL105로 형질전환하여 단 순배지에서 배양시 $0.21g/\ell$ 의 낮은 PHB 농도를 얻었다. 이에 107}지의 복합질소원을 소량 첨가하여 PHB 합성에 미치는 영향을 살펴 보았다. Tryptone, casamino acids, casein hydrolysate, 혹은 soy bean hydrolysate의 첨가시 PHB 합성 이 10배 이 상 증대되었다. 또한 이때 sucrose로부터의 PHB 수율도 10배 이상 증가하여 이 네 가지 복합질소원 을 척정 농도로 첨가함으로써 sucrose로부터 효과적인 PHB 생산이 가능함을 알았다.

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Pseudomonas chlororaphis HS21에 의한 식물유로부터 Medium-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoates 생합성이 미치는 포도당 및 아크릴산의 첨가 효과 (Effects of Glucose and Acrylic acid Addition on the Biosynthesis of Medium-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoates by Pseudomonas chlororaphis HS21 from Plant Oils)

  • 정문규;윤혜선;김형우;남진식;정정욱;이영하
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제41권3호
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    • pp.225-231
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    • 2005
  • 식물유를 탄소원으로 사용하여 medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (MCL-PHAs)를 생산할 수 있는 Pseudomonas chlororaphis HS21을 대상으로 대사경로의 변화를 통하여 식물유의 MCL-PHA로의 전환율을 증진시키고 MCL-PHAs의 단위체 조성의 변화를 유도하기 위한 방안을 모색하였다. P. chlororaphis HS21의 MCL-PHAs 생합성은 세포생장과 동시에 일어나는 특징을 보였으며, 팜유를 유일 탄소원으로 사용한 회분배양의 결과 2.4 g/L의 건체량과 건체량의 $40.2\;wt{\%}$에 해당하는 MCL-PHAs를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 생합성된 MCL-PHAs의 단위체는 3-hydroxyhexanoate($7.0\;mol{\%}$, 3-hydroxyoctanoate ($45.3\;mol{\%}$. 3-hydroxydecanoate ($39.0\;mol{\%}$), 3-hydroxydodecanoate ($6.8\;mol{\%}$) 및 3-hydroxytetradecanoate ($1.9\;mol{\%}$)로 구성되어 있었다. 식물유와는 달리 포도당과 같은 탄수화물은 P. chlororaphis HS21의 생장에는 이용되지만 MCL-PHAs의 생합성에는 거의 이용되지 못하는 탄소원임을 확인하고, 식물유와 함께 포도당을 보조기질로 공급한 결과 식물유의 MCL-PHAs로의 전환율이 크게 증가함으로써, PHA 생산에 직접적으로 이용되지 못하는 보조기질의 사용을 통하여 특정 기능기를 함유하는 기질로부터 해당 기능기를 갖는 MCL-PHAs를 효율적으로 생산할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 지방산의 ${\beta}-oxidation$ 회로를 방해하는 아크릴산을 첨가할 경우 아크릴산의 독성에 의하여 세포생장은 저해를 받지만 세포 내 MCL-PHAs의 축적율은 감소하지 않았으며, MCL-PHAs를 구성하는 단위체 중 3-hydroxydo-decanoate 및 3-hydroxytetradecanoate와 같이 탄소수가 보다 큰 단위체의 함량이 크게 증가하였다. 이러한 특징에 의해 해바라기유와 옥수수유로부터는 3-hydroxydodecenoate, 3-hydroxytetradecenoate와 같은 불포화 단위체의 함량이 크게 증가된 기능성 MCL-PHAs를 생산할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 아크릴산의 첨가와 같은 PHA 대사경로의 인위적 변화가 새로운 단위체 조성을 갖거나 기능기를 가짐으로써 독특한 물성을 지니는 신규의 MCL-PHAs 개발에 유용할 수 있음을 보여준다.

주 사슬에 이미드 고리를 갖는 방향족 polyhydroxyamides의 합성 및 열적 특성 (Synthesis and Thermal Properties of Aromatic Polyhydroxyamides Containing Imide Ring in the Main Chain)

  • 위두영;최재곤;이창훈
    • Elastomers and Composites
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    • 제46권4호
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    • pp.295-303
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    • 2011
  • 3,3'-dihydroxybenzidine 과 2,2-bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoro-propane을 포함하는 두가지 타입의 bis(o-aminophenol)s 과 imide-diacids 를 직접 축 중합하여 imide 고리를 포함한 새로운 방향족 polyhydroxyamides(PHAs)을 합성하였다. 모든 중합체들은 FT-IR, FT-NMR, DSC 및 TGA를 이용하여 조사하였다. 중합체들의 고유점도는 $35^{\circ}C$의 DMAc 용액에서 측정하였으며, 0.49-1.13 dL/g 을 보였다. PHA 1을 제외한 PHA 2 와 3은 DMF, DMAc, NMP 등 극성 용매에 잘 용해되었으며, 6F 그룹이 포함된 PHA 4, 5, 및 6은 극성이 낮은 용매에 대해서도 좋은 용해도를 보였다. 반면에 polybenzoxazoles(PBOs)은 황산에 일부 용해되는 것 외에 다양한 용매에도 용해되지 않았다. 질소분위기 하에서 PBO 1, 2, 3의 최대 열분해온도는 $650-656^{\circ}C$ 범위의 값들을 보였고, char 수득율도 57.4-61.9 %로 비교적 높은 값을 보였다. 이로부터 고분자 주 사슬에 imide 혹은 diimide 고리의 도입은 PHA 혹은 PBO의 열안정성을 높이는데 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

Short-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Synthesis in Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli and Medical Applications

  • PARK, SI-JAE;CHOI, JONG-IL;LEE, SANG-YUP
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.206-215
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    • 2005
  • Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are homo or hetero polyesters of (R)-hydroxyalkanoates accumulated in various microorganisms under growth-limiting condition in the presence of excess carbon source. They have been suggested as biodegradable substitutes for chemically synthesized polymers. Recombinant Escherichia coli is one of the promising host strains for the economical production of PHAs, and has been extensively investigated for the process development. The heterologous PHA biosynthetic pathways have been established through the metabolic engineering and inherent metabolic pathways of E. coli have been redirected to supply PHA precursors. Fermentation strategies for cultivating these recombinant E. coli strains have also been developed for the efficient production of PHAs. Nowadays, short-chain-length (SCL) PHAs are being re-invited due to its improved mechanical properties and possible applications in the biomedical area. In this article, recent advances in the development of metabolically engineered E. coli strains for the enhanced production of SCL-PHAs are reviewed. Also, medical applications of SCL-PHAs are discussed.

재조합 대장균에 의한 유청으로부터 Poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] 합성 (Synthesis of Poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] by Recombinant Escherichia coli from Whey)

  • 김범수;이상엽
    • KSBB Journal
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    • 제18권5호
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    • pp.404-407
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    • 2003
  • R. eutropha의 PHA 생합성 유전자를 포함하는 플라스미드 pSYL107을 가진 재조합 대장균 GCSC6576과 A. latus PHA 생합성 유전자를 포함하는 플라스미드 pJC4를 가진 fadR atoC 돌연변이주 재조합 대장균 LS5218의 유청으로부터 P(3HB-co-3HV) 합성을 비교하였다. 재조합 대장균 GCSC6576(pSYL107)의 플라스크 배양에서 acetic acid induction과 oleic acid의 첨가는 3HV 함량을 증가시켰다. 재조합 대장균 LS5218의 pH-stat 유가식 배양결과, 39시간에 균체농도 31.8 g/L, P(3HB-co-3HV) 농도 10.6 g/L, P(3HB-co-3HV) 함량 33.4%, 3HV 함량 6.26 mol%를 얻을 수 있었다.

Channeling of Intermediates Derived from Medium-Chain Fatty Acids and De novo-SYnthesized Fatty Acids to Polyhydroxyalkanoic Acid by 2-Bromooctanoic Acid in Pseudomonas fluorescens BM07

  • LEE, HO-JOO;RHO, JONG-KOOK;KAMBIZ AKBARI NOGHABI,;LEE, SEUNG-EUN;CHOI, MUN-HWAN;YOON, SUNG-CHUL
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제14권6호
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    • pp.1256-1266
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    • 2004
  • 2-Bromooctanoic acid (2-BrOA) is known to block the formation of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (PHA) in Pseudomonasfluorescens BM07 without any influence on the cell growth when grown on fructose, but it inhibits the cell growth when grown on octanoate (OA) (Lee et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 4963- 4974, 2001). We investigated the role of 2-BrOA in the PHA synthesis of the bacterium grown with mixtures of fructose and fatty acids. OA, 11­phenoxyundecanoic acid (1 1-POU), and 5-phenylvaleric acid (5-PV) were selected as model substrates. When supplemented with 50 mM fructose, all these carboxylic acids suppressed the formation of PHA from fructose, however, the ~-oxidation coenzyme A monomers derived from the carboxylic acids were efficiently polymerized, but the conversion yield [(mol of carboxylate substrate converted into PHA)/(mol of carboxylate substrate in the feed)] was low (e.g., maximally $\~53\%$ for 5 mM 11-POU). Addition of 2-BrOA (up to 5 mM) to the mixed carbon sources raised the conversion yield sensitively and effectively only at low levels of the acid substrates (e.g., 2 mM 1 1-POU or 5 mM OA): For instance, $100\%$ of 2 mM ll-POU were converted into PHA in the presence of 5 mM 2-BrOA, whereas only $\~10\%$ of the 1 1-POU were converted in the absence of 2-BrOA. However, at highly saturated suppressing levels (e.g., 5 mM ll-POU), 2-BrOA inhibitor showed no significant additional effect on the conversion ($60- 70\%$ conversion irrespective of 2-BrOA level). The existence of competitive and compensative relationship between 2­BrOA and all the carboxylic acid substrates used may indicate 'Present address: Section on Brain Physiology and Metabolism, Bldg. 10, Rm. 6N202, National Institute on Agmg, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, U.S.A. that all the acid substrate-derived inhibiting species bind to the same site as the 2-BrOA inhibiting species does. We, therefore, suggest that 2-BrOA can be used for efficiently increasing the yield of conversion of expensive substituted fatty acids into PHA and then substituted 3-hydroxyacids by hydrolyzing it.

Cometabolism of $\omega$-Phenylalkanoic Acids with Butyric Acid for Efficient Production of Aromatic Polyesters in Pseudomonas putida BM01

  • Song, Jae-Jun;Choi, Mun-Hwan;Yoon, Sung-Chul;Huh, Nam-Eung
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.435-442
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    • 2001
  • Poly(3-hydroxy-5-phenylvalerate) [P(3HPV)] was efficiently accumulated from 5-phenylvalerate (5PV) in Pseudomonas putida BM01 in a mineral salts medium containing butyric acid (BA) as the cosubstrate. A nove aromatic copolyester, poly(5 mol% 3-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyrate-co- 95 mol% 3-hydroxy-6-phenylhexanoate) [P(3HPB-co-3HPC)] was also synthesized from 6-phenylhexanoate (6PC) plus Ba. The two aromatic polymers, P(3HPV) and P(3HPB-co-3HPC), were found to be amorphous and showed different glass-transition temperatures at $15^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$, respectively. When the bacterium was grown ina medium containing 20 mM 5PV as the sole carbon source for 140 h, 0.4 g/l of dry cells was obtained in a flask cultivation and 20 wt% of P(3HPV) homopolymer was accumulated in the cells. However, when it was grown with a mixture of 2 mM 5PV and 50 mM BA for 40 h, the yield of dry biomass was increased up to 2.5 g/l and the content of P(3HPV) in the dry cells was optimally 56 wt%. This efficient production of P(3HPV) homopolymer from the mixed substrate was feasible because BA only supported cell growth and did not induce any aliphatic PHA accumulation. The metabolites released into the PHA synthesis medium were analyzed using GC or GC/MS. Two $\beta$-oxidation derivatives, 3-phenylpropionic acid and trans-cinnamic acid, were found in the 5V-grown cell medium and these comprised 55-88 mol% of the 5PV consumed. In the 6PC-grown medium containing Ba, seven ${\beta}$-oxidation and related intermediates were found, which included phenylacetic acid, 4-phenylbutyric acid, cis-4-phenyl-2-butenoic acid, trans-4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid, trans-4-phenyl-2-butenoic acid, 3-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid, and 3-hydroxy-6-phenylhexanoic acid. Accordingly, based on the metabolite analysis, PHA synthesis pathways from the two aromatic carbon sources are suggested.

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