• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.158-161
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• 2006

Recently the application of plastic optical fiber (POF) in automotives and planes demands the heat-resistant and high refractive index con materials. We synthesized polyglutarimides (PGIs) via imidization of PMMA with primary amines under high pressure and high temperature and investigated thermal and optical properties by varying the molar ratio of amines and the type of amines (ethyl amine vs. isopropyl mine). The degree of imidization was calculated based on the peak intensity in $^1H$ NMR and FTIR. We found that the glass transition temperature $(T_g)$ of PGIs increased over $30^{\circ}C$ compared to the traditional core materials in POF, PMMA, and they are stable up to $300\sim400^{\circ}C$. PGIs anthesized with ethyl mine show the better heat resistance than those with isopropyl amines. Additionally, they show the comparable transparency and higher refractive index than PMMA. It implies that they can be utilized as the excellent photo-efficient and heat-resistant core materials in POF.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.35
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• pp.7-36
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• 2013

Collecting international terrorism database is a challenging task not only for criminal justice personnel but also for criminologists in comparison to the case of common types of crime database. Yet, there has been growing interests and efforts in establishing a comprehensive terrorist events data base in the world. This current study has a goal to introduce an example world terrorism database case developed by START center in the United States. The START center developed the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) on the basis of by the Pinkerton Global Intelligence Service data (PGIS) originally collected by the Pinkerton. Furthermore, The START expended the GTD by collecting data from open source terrorist event data via internet and other resources. In this study, specifically, it describes the development and the nature of the GTD in general and the data collection efforts made by the STATA until today. Finally, this study provides a sketchy of the nature of the GTD data by showing the descriptive statistical analyses and time-series analyses result illustrating distribution of the world terrorism events. The limitation, policy implications and contribution of this study discussed in this paper.

• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.172-177
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• 2009

Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is involved in synthesizing extracellular polysaccharide (EPS). The gene encoding PGI in Sphingomonas chungbukensis DJ77 was cloned and expressed in E. coli, and the protein was characterized. The pgi gene from DJ77 is 1,503 nucleotides long with 62% GC content and the deduced amino acid sequence shows strong homology with PGIs from other sources. The molecular masses of PGI subunit and native form were estimated to be 50 kDa and 97 kDa, respectively. Four potentially important residues (H361, R245, E330 and K472) were identified by homology modeling. The mutations, H361A, R245A, E330A, R245K and E330D resulted in decrease in Vmax by hundreds fold, however no significant change in Km was observed. These data suggest that the three residues (H361, R245Aand E330) are likely located in the active site and the size as well as the spatial position of side chains of R245 and E330 are crucial for catalysis.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.364-367
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• 2011

Background: Prostaglandins (PGs) play pathogenic and protective roles in inflammatory diseases. The novel concept of PGs as immune modulators is being documented by several investigators. By establishing an in vitro experimental model containing human follicular dendritic cell-like cells, HK cells, we reported that HK cells produce prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) and prostaglandin $I_2$ ($PGI_2$) and that these PGs regulate biological functions of T and B cells. Methods: To investigate the respective contribution of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 to $PGE_2$ and $PGI_2$ production in HK cells, we performed siRNA technology to knock down COX enzymes and examined the effect on PG production. Results: Both $PGE_2$ and $PGI_2$ productions were almost completely inhibited by the depletion of COX-2. In contrast, COX-1 knockdown did not significantly affect PG production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Conclusion: The current results suggest that mPGES-1 and PGIS are coupled with COX-2 but not with COX-1 in human follicular dendritic cell (FDC) and may help understand the potential effects of selective COX inhibitors on the humoral immunity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.19-26
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• 2002

The Circumstance of Construction Industry is speedily changing. For example, the stock of building, housing etc , will be measure up in KOREA soon. And. Variety and Complexity of Construction Purpose are increasing. So that Clearness and Frankness of Project Process are inquired more than ever. We need to approach by Fundamentally, Radically, and Dramatically. The purpose of this study is Qualitative Prosperity by Reconsideration of Principles of System and Positive Action to Changing Condition on Construction Industry. In the other words, when all Stakeholders are participates in construction project, Creative Genius, Liability and Responsibility are important. Construction System need to Competitive Sense and Organic Integration as Social Open System. In this paper, Project Process, Stakeholder, Organizing Process and Total Project Operation System are considered.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.431-442
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• 2016

Purpose: This paper was conducted to validate the Korean version of the Peer Group Caring Interaction Scale (PGCIS-K) that measures caring behaviors as experienced by nursing students. Methods: Translation of the PGCIS-K was validated through forward-backward translation methods. Survey data were collected from 218 nursing students in a nursing school. Construct validity and criterion-related validity were evaluated. Internal consistency and the Guttman split-half coefficient were calculated to assess reliability. Results: The PGIS-K showed reliability except for 4 items (Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.91$, Guttman split-half coefficient=.85), which were low (<.30) or negatively correlated with the total scale. A 12-item reduced form of the PGCIS-K was developed by item-analysis and construct validity evidence. Factor loading for the 12 items on 2 factors ranged from .47~.82, which explained 58.4% of the total variance. Two factors were named 'modeling and assistance (Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.87$)' and 'communication and sharing (Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.82$)'. Convergent validity, discriminant validity, and criterion validity were supported according to the correlation coefficients of the 2 factors with other measure. Conclusion: The findings suggest preliminary evidence that the 12-item PGCIS-K can be used to measure nursing students' peer group caring interactions in Korea. Additional studies are recommended to continue the psychometric evaluation of this scale. Also, it can be extended to measure graduate nursing students or staff nurses' peer group caring interaction.