• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.189-197
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• 2022

With the development of high-performance computing technology and the advancement of numerical model, it is possible to predict the better weather forecasting. The purpose of this paper is the performance improvement for the SCAM climate model for the model running time excluding the compilation time. Therefore, the model previously performed using the Intel Fortran Compiler was changed to PGI Fortran Compiler. To this end, we reconfigure system environment variables, reset compilation options, install dependencies SW and library, and modify source code. In addition, we proposed and applied the 'PGI Compile with OpenACC' method. As a result, when the compiler was changed from intel to PGI, it led to an improvement of 6.08% in running time and when the openACC method was applied, it led to an improvement of 43.05% in running time. This demonstrates that the PGI Compile with OpenACC method proposed in this paper leads to excellent performance.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1099-1104
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• 2014

Aims and Background: Ginsenoside Rh2, which exerts the potent anticancer action both in vitro and in vivo, is one of the most well characterized ginsenosides extracted from ginseng. Although its effects on cancer are significant, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we sought to elucidate possible links between ginsenoside Rh2 and phosphoglucose isomerase/autocrine motility factor (PGI/AMF). Methods: $KG1{\alpha}$, a leukemia cell line highly expressing PGI/AMF was assessed by western blot analysis and reverse transcription- PCR (RT-PCR) assay after transfection of a small interfering (si)-RNA to silence PGI/AMF. The effect of PGI/AMF on proliferation was measured by typan blue assay and antibody array. A cell counting kit (CCK)-8 and flow cytometry (FCM) were adopted to investigate the effects of Rh2 on PGI/AMF. The relationships between PGI/AMF and Rh2 associated with Akt, mTOR, Raptor, Rag were detected by western blot analysis. Results: KG1${\alpha}$ cells expressed PGI/AMF and its down-regulation significantly inhibited proliferation. The antibody array indicated that the probable mechanism was reduced expression of PARP, State1, SAPK/JNK and Erk1/2, while those of PRAS40 and p38 were up-regulated. Silencing of PGI/AMF enhanced the sensibility of $KG1{\alpha}$ to Rh2 by suppressing the expression of mTOR, Raptor and Akt. Conclusion: These results suggested that ginsenoside Rh2 suppressed the proliferation of $KG1{\alpha}$, the same as down-regulation of PGI/AMF. Down-regulation of PGI/AMF enhanced the pharmacological effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on KG1${\alpha}$ by reducing Akt/mTOR signaling.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.78 no.2
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• pp.242-247
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• 1989

This study was conducted to estimate the inheritance of allozyme variants in IDH, ME and PGI, using megagametophyte tissue of seeds of Pinus densiflora and Pinus thunbergii in Kyungpook province. Two alleles at a single locus were detected for MH in Pinus densiflora, but Pinus thunbergii showed no varition, showing only one band. Four alleles at one locus were determined for ME in Pinus densiflora and Pinus thunbergii. Two loci were found for PGI and no variation seemed to occurred in A-locus as the presence of one single band. Five alleles were presented in B-locus in Pinus densiflora, but two alleles $B_1$ and $B_2$ in Pinus thunbergii. In PGI, an allozyme composed of multiple bands is observed from haploid megagamtophyte tissues. The isozyme variants of IDH, ME and PGI were appeared to segregate into 1 : 1 ratio for all zones.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.158-161
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• 2006

Recently the application of plastic optical fiber (POF) in automotives and planes demands the heat-resistant and high refractive index con materials. We synthesized polyglutarimides (PGIs) via imidization of PMMA with primary amines under high pressure and high temperature and investigated thermal and optical properties by varying the molar ratio of amines and the type of amines (ethyl amine vs. isopropyl mine). The degree of imidization was calculated based on the peak intensity in $^1H$ NMR and FTIR. We found that the glass transition temperature $(T_g)$ of PGIs increased over $30^{\circ}C$ compared to the traditional core materials in POF, PMMA, and they are stable up to $300\sim400^{\circ}C$. PGIs anthesized with ethyl mine show the better heat resistance than those with isopropyl amines. Additionally, they show the comparable transparency and higher refractive index than PMMA. It implies that they can be utilized as the excellent photo-efficient and heat-resistant core materials in POF.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.331-343
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• 1998

Sublethal dose of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) would induce protection against cardiac ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study examines the following areas: 1) the temporal induction of the cardio-protection produced by LPS; and 2) the relations between a degree of protection and the myocardial prostacyclin ($PGI_2$) production. Rats were administered LPS (2 mg/kg, i.v.), and hearts were removed 1, 4, 8, 14, 24, 48, 72,and 96 h later. Using Langendorff apparatus, haemodynamic differences during 25 min of global ischemia/30 min reperfusion were investigated. The concentration of $PGI_2$ in aliquots of the coronary effluent was determined by radioimmunoassay as its stable hydrolysis product $6-keto-PGF1_{\alpha}$ and lactate dehydrogenase release were measured as an indicative of cellular injury. LPS-induced cardiac protection against I/R injury appeared 4 h after LPS treatment and remained until 96 h after treatment. $PGI_2$ release increased 2-3 fold at the beginning of reperfusion compared to basal level except in hearts treated with LPS for 48 and 72 h. In hearts removed 48 and 72 h after LPS treatment, basal $PGI_2$ was increased. To determine the enzymatic step in relation to LPS-induced basal $PGI_2$ production, we examined prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS) protein expression, a rate limiting enzyme of prostaglandin production, by using Western blot analysis. LPS increased PGHS protein expression in hearts at 24, 48, 72, 96 h after LPS treatment. Induction of PGHS expression appeared in both isotypes of PGHS, a constitutive PGHS-1 and an inducible PGHS-2. To identify the correlationship between $PGI_2$ production and the cardioprotective effect against I/R injury, indomethacin was administered in vivo or in vitro. Indomethacin did not inhibit LPS-induced cardioprotection, which was not affected by the duration of LPS treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that $PGI_2$ might not be the major endogenous mediator of LPS-induced cardioprotection.

• JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL WORLD
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• s.457
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• pp.45-49
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• 2015

'Power-Gen International(이하 'PGI)'은 세계 최대의 전력산업 전시회 중 하나로 매년 말 미국에서 개최된다. 올해에는 플로리다주 올랜도 오렌지카운티 컨벤션센터에서 원자력과 신재생에너지 분야까지 포함해 '2014 Power-Gen International/Nuclear Power International/Renewable Energy World'라는 이름으로 행사가 성대히 개최됐다. 이번 전시회에는 전 세계 90개국에서 2만2,000여 명이 참관하고, 다양한 분야에서 200편 이상의 기술발표와 분야별 세미나가 진행되는 등 세계 최대의 전시회라는 명성을 어김없이 보여줬다. 대한전기협회에서는 전력산업 관련 최신 기술동향을 파악하고, 세계 유명기업과 중소 제조사와의 교류확대, 신제품 파악 등을 위해 매년 전력산업계 관계자들을 참관단으로 모집해 PGI에 매년 참가하고 있다. 올해도 전기협회는 한전, 한수원 등 전력그룹사 및 SK E&S, 현대그린파워 등 산업계 관계자 약 30여명의 참관단을 이끌고 PGI에 참가했다. PGI를 직접 다녀온 관계자들의 참관기를 소개한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.643-654
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• 1987

The effect of prostacyclin[PGI, ] on myocardial preservation during global ischemia was studied in the isolating working rabbit heart model. Forty hearts underwent a 15 minute period of retrograde nonworking perfusion with Krebs-Henseleit buffer solution [37*C] and were switched over to the working mode for 15 minutes. After baseline measurement of heart rate, peak aortic pressure, aortic flow, and coronary flow, all hearts were subjected to 60 minutes of ischemic arrest at 10*C induced with St. Thomas Hospital cardioplegic solution: Group I had single dose cardioplegia, Croup II double dose, Croup III oxygenated double dose, and Group IV single dose with PCI, infusion [10ng/min./gm heart weight]. Hearts were then revived with 15 minute period of nonworking reperfusion at normothermia, followed by 30 minutes of working perfusion. Repeat measurements of cardiac function were obtained and expressed as a percent of the preischemic baseline values. Oxygen content of arterial perfusate and coronary effluent was measured by designed time interval. Leakage of creatine kinase was determined during post-ischemic reperfusion period. Finally wet hearts were weighed and placed in 120*C oven for 36 hours for measurement of dry weight. In the PGI, treated group [IV], heart rate increased consistently throughout the period of reperfusion from 100*5.0% [p<0.001] to 107*6.2% [p<0.001]. The percent recovery of aortic flow showed 95*5.7% [p<0.001] at the first 3 minute and full recovery through the subsequent time. Coronary flow was augmented significantly in the 3 minute [96*6.2%, p<0.001] and then sustained above baseline values. Among the Croup I, II, and III, all hemodynamic values were significantly below preischemic levels. PGI2 relatively increased oxygen delivery [1.22*0.19ml/min, p<0.001] and myocardial oxygen consumption [0.90*0.13ml/min, p<0.001] during reperfusion period. Leakage of creatine kinase in the PGI2 group was 9.3*1.58IU/15min [p<0.001]. This was significantly lower than Group I [33.0*2.68 IU/15min]. The water content of PCI2 treated hearts [81*0.9%, p<0.001] was also lower than the other groups.

• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.172-177
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• 2009

Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is involved in synthesizing extracellular polysaccharide (EPS). The gene encoding PGI in Sphingomonas chungbukensis DJ77 was cloned and expressed in E. coli, and the protein was characterized. The pgi gene from DJ77 is 1,503 nucleotides long with 62% GC content and the deduced amino acid sequence shows strong homology with PGIs from other sources. The molecular masses of PGI subunit and native form were estimated to be 50 kDa and 97 kDa, respectively. Four potentially important residues (H361, R245, E330 and K472) were identified by homology modeling. The mutations, H361A, R245A, E330A, R245K and E330D resulted in decrease in Vmax by hundreds fold, however no significant change in Km was observed. These data suggest that the three residues (H361, R245Aand E330) are likely located in the active site and the size as well as the spatial position of side chains of R245 and E330 are crucial for catalysis.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.9
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• pp.3422-3428
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• 2022

The prompt gamma imaging (PGI) technique is considered as one of the most promising approaches to estimate the range of proton beam in the patient and unlock the full potential of proton therapy. In the PGI technique, a dedicated algorithm is required to estimate the range of the proton beam from the prompt gamma (PG) distribution acquired by a PGI system. In the present study, a new range estimation algorithm was developed for a multi-slit prompt-gamma camera, one of PGI systems, to estimate the range of proton beam with high accuracy. The performance of the developed algorithm was evaluated by Monte Carlo simulations for various beam/phantom combinations. Our results generally show that the developed algorithm is very robust, showing very high accuracy and precision for all the cases considered in the present study. The range estimation accuracy of the developed algorithm was 0.5-1.7 mm, which is approximately 1% of beam range, for 1×10⁹ protons. Even for the typical number of protons for a spot (1×10⁸), the range estimation accuracy of the developed algorithm was 2.1-4.6 mm and smaller than the range uncertainties and typical safety margin, while that of the existing algorithm was 2.5-9.6 mm.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.83-88
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• 1994

For the purpose of genetic stock indentification of three species of salmonid fishs and their hybrid, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), malate dehydrogenase(MDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase(IDH), a-gylycerophosphate dehydrogenase(a-GPDH), malic enzyme(ME), 6-phospho-gluconate dehydrogenase(6-PGD), phosphoglucose isomerase(PGI) and phospho-glucomutase(PGM) from skeletal muscle, liver, heart and gill tissues in all three species were analyzed. Chum and masu salmon showed no polymorphic patterns in all isozyme loci, however rainbow trout were found to have polymorphic patterns at MDH-B, LDH and IDH loci. Especially, significant differences were found at MDH-B loci between the three species and the IDH patterns of rainbow trout were also different from the other two species. These loci therefore can be utilized as efficient genetic markers for the identification of hybrids and improve the efficiency of fish breeding. There was no difference except PGI between diploid and triploid isozyme patterns but PGI showed some potential as a marker for triploid in masu salmon.