• Title/Summary/Keyword: PG-14

Search Result 297, Processing Time 0.031 seconds

Protective Effect of Panax ginseng on TCDD-induced Liver Toxicity in Male Guinea Pigs

  • Hwang, Seock-Yeon;Wee, Jae-Joon;Kim, Si-Kwan;Youn, Nae-Young
    • Biomedical Science Letters
    • /
    • v.9 no.1
    • /
    • pp.51-58
    • /
    • 2003
  • This study was carried out to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effect of Panax ginseng water extract (PG-WE) on the toxicity induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), one of the most notorious toxic environmental pollutants belonging to the group of polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. Normal control (NC) group guinea pigs (180~200 g) received vehicle and saline, and TCDD-treated (TT) group was given TCDD and saline. P100 and P200 group animals received PG-WE for 28 days since 1 week before TCDD exposure at daily doses of 100 mg/kg b.w. and/or 200 mg/kg b.w., respectively. C100 and C200 group received PG-WE for 14 days starting 1 week after TCDD-exposure. Toxicity was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of TCDD (1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg b.w.). Abnormal increase in AST and ALT activities in TT group was significantly improved by the administration of PC-WE. Microscopically, there were mild to moderate swelling of hepatocytes, hyperchromatism of individual cells, acidophilic cytoplasm and cytoplasm vacuolation of some hepatocytes, slight to moderate variations of staining density, occasional single cell necrosis, variable size and shape of some hepatocytes, small groups of degenerating hepatocytes surrounded by mononuclear cells, dilated sinusoids of centrilobular zone and some loss of lobular architecture in TT group liver. From these results, we could find the protective and therapeutic role of PG-WE in TCDD-induced liver toxicity by examining the blood chemical parameters and histopathological observation.

  • PDF

Prediction of ORFs in Metagenome by Using Cis-acting Transcriptional and Translational Factors (메타게놈 서열에 존재하는 보존적인 전사와 번역 인자를 이용한 ORF 예측)

  • Cheong, Dea-Eun;Kim, Geun-Joong
    • KSBB Journal
    • /
    • v.25 no.5
    • /
    • pp.490-496
    • /
    • 2010
  • As sequencing technologies are steadily improving, massive sequence data have been accumulated in public databases. Thereby, programs based on various algorithms are developed to mine useful information, such as genes, operons and regulatory factors,from these sequences. However, despite its usefulness in a wide range of applications, comprehensive analyses of metagenome using these programs have some drawbacks, thereby yielding inaccurate or complex results. We here provide a possibility of signature sequences (cis-acting transcriptional and translational factors of metagenome) as a hallmark of ORFs finding from metagenome.

Propugnating Effect of Bark of Rhizophora mucronata Against Different Toxicants Viz Carbon Tetrachloride, Ethanol and Paracetamol on HepG2 Cell Lines

  • Jairaman, Chitra;Yacoob, Syed Ali Mohamed;Venkatraman, Anuradha;Nagarajan, Yogananth;Murugesan, Gnanadesigan
    • Journal of Pharmacopuncture
    • /
    • v.22 no.1
    • /
    • pp.41-48
    • /
    • 2019
  • Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the bark extract (Ethanol: Water) in the ratio of (3:1) of Rhizophora mucronata (BERM) by intoxicating the $HepG_2$ cell lines with different toxicants viz, $CCL_4$, Ethanol and Paracetamol with different concentrations of the extract were used. The $HepG_2$ cell lines were subjected to MTT Assay for studying the cytotoxicity. Methods: $HepG_2$ cells were plated using 96 well plate in 10% bovine serum, exposed to different toxicants viz, 2% $CCl_4$, 60% Ethanol and 14 mM Paracetamol respectively. The various test concentrations (18.85, 37.5, 75, 150 and $300{\mu}g/ml$) of bark extract of Rhizophora mucronata was added and incubated for 24 hours. Medium was removed after incubation period and 0.5 mg/ml MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) was added and again incubated for 4 hours at 37oC. Then MTT was removed the crystals was dissolved in DMSO and absorbance was measured at 570 nm. Results: The result showed that dose dependent increase in percentage of viability at the doses of 18.85, 37.5, 75, 150, $300{\mu}g/ml$. Te results for the $CCl_4$ intoxicated, at $300{\mu}g/ml$ of the concentration of the extract, the % of viable cells was found out to be 99.6%, for Ethanol intoxicated, 97.67%, and Paracetamol induced, 75.37%, IC50 was $21.53{\mu}g/ml$, $12.61{\mu}g/ml$ and $21.42{\mu}g/ml$ respectively. Conclusion: Thus, we conclude that, the extract possesses defensive effect against different toxicants and can be used as an alternate drug for hepatotoxicity.

Effect of Four Main Gastrectomy Procedures for Proximal Gastric Cancer on Patient Quality of Life: A Nationwide Multi-Institutional Study

  • Koji Nakada;Akitoshi Kimura;Kazuhiro Yoshida;Nobue Futawatari;Kazunari Misawa;Kuniaki Aridome;Yoshiyuki Fujiwara;Kazuaki Tanabe;Hirofumi Kawakubo;Atsushi Oshio;Yasuhiro Kodera
    • Journal of Gastric Cancer
    • /
    • v.23 no.2
    • /
    • pp.275-288
    • /
    • 2023
  • Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of 4 main types of gastrectomy for proximal gastric cancer on postoperative symptoms, living status, and quality of life (QOL) using the Postgastrectomy Syndrome Assessment Scale-45 (PGSAS-45). Materials and Methods: We surveyed 1,685 patients with upper one-third gastric cancer who underwent total gastrectomy (TG; n=1,020), proximal gastrectomy (PG; n=518), TG with jejunal pouch reconstruction (TGJP; n=93), or small remnant distal gastrectomy (SRDG; n=54). The 19 main outcome measures (MOMs) of the PGSAS-45 were compared using the analysis of means (ANOM), and the general QOL score was calculated for each gastrectomy type. Results: Patients who underwent TG experienced the lowest postoperative QOL. ANOM showed that 10 MOMs were worse in patients with TG. Four MOMs improved in patients with PG, while 1 worsened. One MOM was improved in patients with TGJP versus 8 MOMs in patients with SRDG. The general QOL scores were as follows: SRDG (+39 points), TGJP (+6 points), PG (+3 points), and TG (-1 point). Conclusions: The TG group experienced the greatest decline in postoperative QOL. SRDG and PG, which preserve part of the stomach without compromising curability, and TGJP, which is used when TG is required, enhance the postoperative QOL of patients with proximal gastric cancer. When selecting the optimal gastrectomy method, it is essential to understand the characteristics of each and actively incorporate guidance to improve postoperative QOL.

A stydy on The Biological Control of Sciarid Fly(Lycoriella sp.) Using Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillus thuringiensis를 이용한 버섯 파리(Lycoriella sp.)의 생물적 방제에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Kwang-Ho;Park, Hyean-Cheal;Park, Hyun-Woo;Jin, Byung-Rae;Kang, Seok-Kwon;Sohn, Hung-Dae
    • Journal of Life Science
    • /
    • v.6 no.4
    • /
    • pp.293-298
    • /
    • 1996
  • Thirteen subspecies of Bacillus thuringiensis including B. t. israelensis, B. t. morrisoni PG-14 and B.t. darmstadoemsos known to be toxic to dipteran insects were treated on the mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) compost to estimate the biological control effect of a sciarid fly, Lycoriella sp. According to the results, it was found that there were no significant effects of the tested strains of B, thuringiensis on the control of Lycoriella sp. For further confirmation, larval gut juice of Lycoriella sp. and trypsin were respectively treated into the parasporal crystal proteins of three subspecies of B. t. israelensis, B. t. morrisoni PG-14, and B. t. darmstadiensis. The proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE. According to the results, the major parasporal crystal proteins were respectively produced by B. t. morrisoni as the amount of 52 kd, B. y. israelensis as 37kd and B. t. darmstadiensis as 39kd, but the activity of these proteins could not be unfortunately confirmed in this study.

  • PDF

Pharmacological Effect of Hawangyeonhaedoktang on Experimental Triglyceride Accumulated HepG2 Cells (실험적 중성지질 축적 HepG2세포에 미치는 황련해독탕의 약리적 효과)

  • 차재영;김대진;김석환;김영길;조영수
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
    • /
    • v.32 no.4
    • /
    • pp.586-590
    • /
    • 2003
  • The pharmacological effect of Korean-Chinese traditional herbal medicine, Hawangyeonhaedoktang (HT) on experimentally induced-triglyceride accumulation in cultured human hepatocyte HepG2 cells was studied. HePG2 cells were cultured in the Dulbecco's modified Eagle's (DME) medium without (Control medium) or with HT (0.5 mg/mL and 5.0 mg/mL) containing 1 mM oleate, 0.2% bovine serum albumin (BSA), and glucose 4.5 mg/mL for 6 and 24 hours in experiment I and 2 mM oleate, 0.5% BSA, and glucose 4.5 mg/mL for 6, 24 and in hours in Experiment II or 1 and 3 hours in Experiment III. Oleate [$^{14}$ C](0.5 $\mu$Ci/mL medium) added as a radioactive lipid precursor in the experiment I. In the experiment I, the intracellular triglyceride concentration was decreased remarkably during incubation for 6 and 24 hours, in a dose-dependent manner. At the same time, HT caused a decrease in the incorporation of [$^{14}$ C] oleate into intracellular triglyceride fraction and the secretion of triglyceride labeled with [$^{14}$ C] oleate into medium. In the experiment II and III compared to experiment I, the triglyceride accumulation in HepG2 cells was occurred, and HT prevented the accumulation of triglyceride during incubation for 24 and 48 hours. This result suggest that HT prevent the triglyceride accumulation in human hepatocytes by its inhibiting action on the intercellular triglyceride biosynthesis.

A Study on the Abnormalities of the Various Endocrine Functions Associated with Chronic Renal Failure (만성신부전에 수반된 각종 내분비기능 변화에 관한 연구)

  • Hong, Chan-Pyo;Kim, Man-Woo;Rho, Bang-Soo;Jang, Kyung-Sik;Lee, Min-Hyung;Oh, Hyun-Kwan
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
    • /
    • v.16 no.1
    • /
    • pp.7-14
    • /
    • 1982
  • In an attempt to evaluate the various serum hormonal changes in terminal renal failure, the fasting $T_4,\;T_3,\;rT_3$, gastrin, secretin prolactin, and aldosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay in 12 patients with chronic renal failure, who were admitted to Chosun University Hospital from January to June, 1981. From the analysis the following results were obtained. 1. Mean values of serum hormonal concentration in 10 normal control were as follows: $T_4,\;12.93{\pm}2.00ug/ml$; $T_3,\;113.0{\pm}28.7ng/ml$; $rT_3,\;0.11{\pm}0.10ng/ml$; gastrin, $100.0{\pm}47.1pg/ml$; secretin, $32.46{\pm}11.45pg/ml$; prolactin, $11.0{\pm}3.6ng/ml$; aldosterone, $137.0{\pm}58.5pg/ml$, 2. Mean values of serum hormonal concentration in 12 chronic renal failure were as follows: $T_4,\;7.34{\pm}2.43ug/ml$; $T_3,\;71.0{\pm}19.1ng/ml$; reverse $T_3,\;0.38{\pm}0.19ng/ml$; gastrin, $162.5{\pm}40.2pg/ml$; secretin, $107.50{\pm}20.48pg/ml$; prolactin, $34.0{\pm}17.2ng/ml$; Aldosterone, $86.5{\pm}19.8pg/ml$. 3. In chronic renal failure group, serum T 4, T 3 and adosterone level were significantly lower than those of the control group, but serum $rT_3$, gastrin, secretin and prolactin were significantly higher than those of the control group. 4. In the view of the correlation between serum hormonal concentions and serum creatinine levels in patients with chronic renal failure, $rT_3$, gastrin, secretin and prolactin showed increasing tendency(positive correlations), whereas $T_4,\;T_3$ and aldosterone showed decreasing tendency (negative correlations) with increment of serum cteatinine levels. And so, we observed the negative correlation between $T_3\;and\;rT_3$.

  • PDF

Effects of rice straw fermented with spent Pleurotus sajor-caju mushroom substrates on milking performance in Alpine dairy goats

  • Fan, Geng-Jen;Chen, Mei-Hsing;Lee, Churng-Faung;Yu, Bi;Lee, Tzu-Tai
    • Animal Bioscience
    • /
    • v.35 no.7
    • /
    • pp.999-1009
    • /
    • 2022
  • Objective: To improve the feeding value of rice straw (RS), this study evaluated the potential of rice straw fermented with Pleurotus sajor-caju (FRS) as dairy goat feed. Methods: Spent Pleurotus sajor-caju mushroom substrate was used as fungi inoculum to break the lignocellulose linkage of rice straw, which was solid-fermented at 25℃ to 30℃ for 8 weeks. The ruminal degradation of pangolagrass hay (PG), FRS, and RS were measured in situ for 96 hours in three dry Holstein cows, respectively. Effect of fungi fermented RS on milking performance was studied in feeding trials. A total of 21 Alpine goats a trial were divided into 3 groups: a control group in which PG accounted for 15% of the diet dry matter, and FRS or RS was used to replace the PG in the control group. Goats were fed twice a day under two 28-day trial in individual pens. Meanwhile, a 3×3 Latin square trial (14 days/period) was conducted to study the rumen digestion of three diets by using three fistulated dry goats. Rumen contents were collected for metabolite analyses every one to three hours on the last two days. Results: In situ study showed that fermentation could elevate the rumen degradable fraction and effective degradability of RS (p<0.05). Effective degradability of FRS dry matter was significantly increased from 29.5% of RS to 41.7%. Lactating trial results showed that dry matter intake and milk yield in the PG group and FRS group were similar and higher than those in RS group (p<0.05). The concentration of propionic acid and total volatile fatty acid in the RS group tended to be lower than those in PG group (p<0.10). There were no differences in rumen pH value and ammonia nitrogen level among the groups tested. Conclusion: Fermentation of rice straw by spent Pleurotus sajor-caju mushroom substrate could substantially enhance its feeding value to be equivalent to PG as an effective fiber source for dairy goat. The fermented rice straw is recommended to account for 15% in diet dry matter.

The Value of Interleukin-12 as an Activity Marker of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis (폐유육종증의 활동성 지표로서 IL-12의 효용성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Tae-Hyung;Jeon, Yong-Gam;Shim, Tae-Sun;Lim, Chae-Man;Koh, Yun-Suck;Lee, Sang-Do;Kim, Woo-Sung;Kim, Won-Dong;Kim, Dong-Soon
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
    • /
    • v.46 no.2
    • /
    • pp.215-228
    • /
    • 1999
  • Background: Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease of unknown etiology often involving the lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes. The natural course of sarcoidosis is variable from spontaneous remission to significant morbidity or death. But, the mechanisms causing the variable clinical outcomes or any single parameter to predict the prognosis was not known. In sarcoidosis, the number and the activity of CD4 + lymphocytes are significantly increased at the loci of disease and their oligoclonality suggests that the CD4 + lymphocytes hyperreactivity may be caused by persistent antigenic stimulus. Recently, it has been known that CD4+ lymphocytes can be subdivided into 2 distinct population(Th1 and Th2) defined by the spectrum of cytokines produced by these cells. Th1 cells promote cellular immunity associated with delayed type hypersensitivity reactions by generating IL-2 and IFN-$\gamma$. Th2 cells playa role in allergic responses and immediate hypersensitivity reactions by secreting IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10. CD4+ lymphocytes in pulmonary sarcoidosis were reported to be mainly Th1 cells. IL-12 has been known to play an important role in differentiation of undifferentiated naive T cells to Th1 cells. And, Moller et al. observed increased IL-12 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) in patients with sarcoidosis. So it is possible that the elevated level of IL-12 is necessary for the continuous progression of the disease in active sarcoidosis. This study was performed to test the assumption that IL-12 can be a marker of active pulmonary sarcoidosis. Methods: We measured the concentration of IL-12 in BALF and in conditioned medium of alveolar macrophage(AM) using ELISA(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) method in 26 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis(10 males, 16 females, mean age: $39.8{\pm}2.1$ years) and 11 normal control. Clinically, 14 patients had active sarcoidosis and 12 patients had inactive. Results: Total cells counts, percentage and number of lymhocytes, number of AM and CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio in BALF were significantly higher in patients with sarcoidosis than in control group. But none of these parameters could differentiate active sarcoidosis from inactive disease. The concentration of IL-12 in BALF was significantly increased in sarcoidosis patients ($49.3{\pm}9.2$ pg/ml) than in normal control ($2.5{\pm}0.4$ pg/ml) (p<0.001). Moreover it was significantly higher in patients with active sarcoidosis ($70.3{\pm}14.8$ pg/ml) than in inactive disease ($24.8{\pm}3.l$ pg/ml) (p=0.001). Also, the concentration of IL-12 in BALF showed significant correlation with the percentage of AM(p<0.001), percentage(p<0.001) and number of lymphocyte(p<0.001) in BALF, suggesting the close relationship between the level of IL-12 in BALF and the inflammatory cell infiltration in the lungs. Furthermore, we found a significant correlation between the level of IL-12 and the concentration of soluble ICAM-1 : in serum(p<0.001) and BALF (p=0.001), and also between IL-12 level and ICAM-1 expression of AM(p<0.001). The AM from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis secreted significantly larger amount of IL-12 ($206.2{\pm}61.9$ pg/ml) than those of control ($68.3{\pm}43.7$ pg/ml) (p<0.008), but, there was no difference between inactive and active disease group. Conclusion : Our data suggest that the BALF IL-12 level can be used as a marker of the activity of pulmonary sarcoidosis.

  • PDF

Cytokine modulation in Raw 264.7 macrophages treated with ginseng fermented by Penibacillus MBT213

  • Son, Ji Yoon;Renchinkhand, Gereltuya;Bae, Hyoung Churl;Paik, Seung-Hee;Lee, Jo Yoon;Nam, Myoung Soo
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
    • /
    • v.45 no.4
    • /
    • pp.769-777
    • /
    • 2018
  • The fermentation of Panax ginseng yields many compounds including ginsenosides that have various biological functions. The objective of this study was to investigate the modulation of nitric oxide (NO), Interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ in Raw 264.7 cells treated with ginseng fermented by Penibacillus MBT213. Nitric oxide production in the Raw 264.7 cells treated for 24 hours with fermented ginseng at 3, 7, and 14 days after the treatment decreased to 74, 43, and 36%, respectively, compared with the positive control. The production of IL-6 was inhibited in all the cells treated with fermented ginseng at 3, 7, and 14 days after the treatment except for the positive control. The $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in the Raw 264.7 cells treated with fermented ginseng for 6 hours at 3, 7, and 14 days after the treatment was about 40,000, 85,000 and 65,000 pg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in the Raw 264.7 cells treated with fermented ginseng for 24 hours at 7 and 14 days after the treatment was about 160,000 and 180,000 pg/mL, respectively. However, $TNF-{\alpha}$ production was inhibited in the Raw 264.7 cells at 6 and 12 hours after the treatment with fermented ginseng. herefore, it was confirmed that the immunological activity of the Raw 264.7 macrophages was affected by the treatment with fermented ginseng. It was concluded that ginseng fermented by Paenibacillus MBT213 possesses a potential anti-inflammatory activity and could be used as an ingredient in functional foods and pharmaceutical products.