• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.9-13
• /
• 1965

Powdery mildew of Ailanthus altissima Sw. was first reported by J.S. Park in Korea, 1961. According to his report, this disease was found on the leaves of this tree species collected in Jeongup, 1957, and in Taejon, 1958. He described morphological characters of this pathogen and described also that the causal fungus may be closely related with Phyllactinia corylea. This disease which appears dusty grayish yellow molds under surface of leaves was collected again by the author in Kwangju, 1962. The present works were undertaken to make clear the species of causal fungus by means of the morphology and pathogenecity. According to the following results, the pathogen was identified as Phyllactinia corylea (Pers.) Karst. Morphological characters of the fungus Mycelia persistent or more or less evanescent; matured conidia solitary, aseptate, short-clavate to clavate to clavate, hyaline or yellowish, granulate, $44.6-89.2{\times}9.3-24.2{\mu}$, average $64.8-17.8{\mu}$ in size; conidiophores elongate clavate or columnar, hyaline, 2-3 septate, $122.8-346.0{\times}3.7-7.4{\mu}$, average $208.8{\times}6.3{\mu}$; per-thecia usually scattered, rarely gregarious, dark brown to black, depressed globose to globose, $223.2-297.6{\mu}$, average $267.8{\mu}$ in diameter; appendages 12-19, usually 15 in number, hyaline, straight, needle-shaped, sharply pointed at the apex and bulbous at the base, aseptate, $93.0-310.0{\times}5.0-8.0{\mu}$, average $173.3{\times}6.4{\mu}$ in size; asci elongate ellipsoidal to broadly clavate, hyaline, more or less stalked, 8-13 in number, $68.5-76.6{\times}26.1-34.2{\mu}$, average $71.4{\times}29.0{\mu}$ in size; ascospores 2-4, usually 2 in number, hyaline or yellowish, aseptate, ellipsoidal or ovate, $27.7-34.2{\times}14.7-17.9{\mu}$, average $25.5{\times}13.9{\mu}$ in size. Pathogenicity of the fungi In order to make clear the species of the fungus and the pathogenic differences of Phyllactinia fungi which are collected around the contaminated area and seemed to be related to Ailanthus powdery mildew, some inoculation experiments were performed. 1. Cross inoculation to several tree species with their pathogen: Tested materials; Phyllactinia in question on Ailanthus altissima Sw. Ph. fraxini (DC.) Homma. On Alnus firma S. et Z. Ph. moricola (P. Henn.) Homma on morus alba L. According to the results of the experiments, the reactions were all negative with the exception of the original hosts of tested fungi. 2. Inoculation to Picrasma ailanthoides Planch. : The appearance of symptom on the leaves of P. ailanthoides is not distinct, but more or less mycelial growth. Therefore, under the optimal condition in glass chamber, it may be possible to success artificially.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.226-228
• /
• 2013

In 2012, a pink mold rot was observed on unishiu orange (Citrus unshiu Mac.) fruits at the Wholesale Market for Agricultural Products, Jinju, Korea. The symptom on unishiu orange was a water-soaked lesion on the surface of fruit, which later on enlarged to form softened brown rot lesions. The diseased fruits were covered with pink-colored mold, consisting of conidia and conidiophores of the pathogen. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth was $25^{\circ}C$. Conidia were hyaline, smooth, 2-celled, and thick-walled conidia with truncate bases, ellipsoidal to pyriform, characteristically held together zig-zag chains and $12-26{\times}8-12{\mu}m$ in size. Conidiophore was erect, colorless, unbranched, and 4-5 ${\mu}m$ wide. On the basis of mycological characteristics, pathogenicity test, and molecular analysis with complete ITS rDNA region, the causal fungus was identified as Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link ex Gray. This is the first report of pink mold rot caused by T. roseum on unishiu orange in Korea.

• Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.219-229
• /
• 2018

Objective We compared the predictive value of the National Early Warning Score+Lactate (NEWS+L) score with those of other parameters such as the pre-endoscopic Rockall score (PERS), Glasgow-Blatchford score (GBS), and albumin, international normalized ratio, altered mental status, systolic blood pressure, age older than 65 years score (AIMS65) among patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). Methods We conducted a retrospective study of patients with UGIB during 2 consecutive years. The primary outcome was the composite of in-hospital death, intensive care unit admission, and the need for ${\geq}5$ packs of red blood cell transfusion within 24 hours. Results Among 530 included patients, the composite outcome occurred in 59 patients (19 inhospital deaths, 13 intensive care unit admissions, and 40 transfusions of ${\geq}5$ packs of red blood cells within 24 hours). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the NEWS+L score for the composite outcome was 0.76 (95% confidence interval, 0.70 to 0.82), which demonstrated a significant difference compared to PERS (0.66, 0.59-0.73, P=0.004), but not to GBS (0.70, 0.64-0.77, P=0.141) and AIMS65 (0.76, 0.70-0.83, P=0.999). The sensitivities of NEWS+L scores of 3 (n=34, 6.4%), 4 (n=92, 17.4%), and 5 (n=171, 32.3%) were 100%, 98.3%, and 96.6%, respectively, while the sensitivity of an AIMS65 score of 0 (n=159, 30.0%) was 91.5%. Conclusion The NEWS+L score showed better discriminative performance than the PERS and comparable discriminative performance to the GBS and AIMS65. The NEWS+L score may be used to identify low-risk patients among patients with UGIB.

• Plant Resources
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.109-113
• /
• 2002

Many ascomycetes were collected at Mt. Minjuji, Mt. Manduck, Mt. Odae, Mt. Yonsuk and Mt. Sunun from August 1999 to September 2000. They were identified. According to the reusulting, Helvella villosa (Hedw.: O. Kuntze) Dissing and Nannfedt, Dasychyphus corticalis (Pers.:Fr.) Mass., Lachnellula fuscosanguinea(Rhem) Dennis, Lachnellula subtilissima (Cke.) Dennis and Scutellina erinaceus (Schw.) Kunrze are newly to Korea. They were designed Korean common names by authors.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.89-90
• /
• 1979

Two kinds of unreported species of Korea, Apium leptophyllum (Pers.) F. Muell (Umbelliferae) and Polygonatum miserum $S_{ATAKE}$, (Liliaceae) are found by authors in Kwangnung area.

• Lingua Humanitatis
• /
• v.6
• /
• pp.381-405
• /
• 2004

Elegie und Iambos gehoren zu den altesten Genre der griechischen Lyrik. Erst in diesen Gedichten aus den 7. Jh. v. Chr. beginnt der Dichter als pers nliches Subjekt seine eigenen Erfahrungen auszusprechen, w hrend or im Epos objektiv und leidenschaftslos hinter seinem Stoff zur ckblieb. So behauptet man, dass in den Gedichten der beiden Genre 'das Erwachen der Personlichkeit' (B. Snell) erfolge. Doch dieser pers nliche Charakter der fruhgriechischen Dichtung darf nicht im Sinne der Subjektivit t verstanden werden, wie man sie in der modernen Lyrik findet. Dem subjektiven Gef hl, das in den uns tradierten Fragmenten aus der fr hgriechischen Dichtung zum Ausdruck kommt, kann man n mlich ein gemeinsames Pathos ablesen, das die Elegiker und Iambographen in der Zeit des politischen Umwandels angesichts der conditio humana empfunden batten, das Pathos n mlich, das sich wohl unter dem Begriff amechanie am besten zusammenfassen lasst. In solchen Grenzsituationen, wie Krieg, Ungluck, Altern, sprechen sich die Dichter vollig hilflos aus und beklagen sich uber die menschliche Unwissenheit uber das erh ngte Schicksal. Bezeichnend f r ihre Begegnung mil der Hilflosigkeit des menschlichen Daseins ist jedoch der Realit tssinn, den sie aus ihren Erfahrungen der conditio humara bzw. amechanie gewonnen haben: Sie wollen sich weder durch einen heroischen Gedanken uber den Nachruhm noch durch einen religiosen Glauben an das Jenseits tauschen lassen. Sie wollen vielmehr hic et nunc einen Weg finden, sich mit der amechanie abzufinden. Und dabei werden zwei verschiedene Lebenswege eingeschlagen, der Weg des erotischen Hedonismus (Mimnermos und Semonides) und der des 'sardonischen' Realismus (Archilochos). Damit weisen uns die fruhgriechische Lyrik auf zwei typische Lebensrichtungen hin, die sich spater in der griechischen Ethik einb rgern sollen.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
• /
• v.10
• /
• pp.231-249
• /
• 2004

In dieser Albeit wird der Versuch unternommen, die Charakteristik der Rhetorik von Hitler zu analysieren. Im Abschnitt fwei wird die allgemeine Charakteristik der Hillers Reden beschrieben. Die Reden von Hitler sind Elemente eines verzweigten, flexiblen und inhaltlich nor schwer bestimmten Komplexes von Manipulations-und Machttechniken, die trotz seiner Tendenz zur Zentralisierung nur schwer als System zu fassen sind. Dies macht die Schwierigkeit jeder analytischen Erfassung aus. Seine Rede vermag im Bezug auf Logik und Argumentation wenig zu $\"{u}berzeugen$, aber or wirkte. In diesel Analyse wird die Rede von Hitler folgende Systematisierung $m\"{o}glich$: 1) Am Anfang weist Hitler auf die allgemeine Not hin. 2) Danach diffamiert or seine Gesner und provoziert starke Emotionen bei seinen $Zuh\"{o}rern$. 3) Zum $Schlu{\ss}$ $l\"{o}st$ Hitler bei den Deutschen eine starke Kampfbereitschaft aus und entwickelt vor semen $Zuh\"{o}rern$ seine Vision eines $bl\"{u}henden$, starken Deutschlands. 4) $Abschlie{\ss}end$ erkifirt Hitier seine $pers\"{o}nlichen$ ethischen Vorstellungen und seine sich daraus ergebenden Handlungen. Er liegt $gro{\ss}en$Wert darauf, die Ethik seine Handlungen zu $begr\"{u}nden$. Danach wird die Selbstdarstellung von Hitler beschrieben. $F\"{u}nf$ Realisierungsformen sind $daf\"{u}r$ relevant: a) $pers\"{o}nliche$ $Erz\"{a}hlungen$, b) Diffamierungen, c) sittlich wertvolle Ermahnungen, d) Taten und e) Ziele. Im Abschnitt drei wird die Rhetorik von Hitler gemacht. Hier handeit es sich um Ethos und Pathos. Hitler versuchte, die durch die Aktivierung zwischen ihm und Publikum vorhanden, $unbewu{\ss}ten$ psychischen Potentiate, die durch den Akt der Rede aktiviert werden, zu realisieren. Er hat jeder Sammlung nur gesagt, was sie $h\"{o}ren$ wollte, den wahren Sachverhalt nur auf $h\"{o}chst$ vordergryndige Weise.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.148-157
• /
• 2019

A 70% ethanol extract of Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. was investigated for its whitening activity for application as a functional ingredient in cosmetic products. At the E. annuus extract concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$, the electron-donating ability was found to be 67.83%, the tyrosinase inhibitory effect (related to skin-whitening) was 69%, the elastase inhibitory effect (related to skin-wrinkling) was 69%, and the astringent effect was 80%. The $ABTS^+$ radical-scavenging ability was 87% at the $500{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. In the cell viability test measured on melanoma cells, 96% of the cells treated with $100{\mu}g/ml$ of the extract were viable. According to the western blot results, the protein expression of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2 was decreased by 60.22%, 47.83%, 54.79%, and 67.88%, respectively, at the extract concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$. The protein expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (p-ERK) and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB) was decreased with increasing concentrations of the extract. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of the extract showed that the mRNA expression of MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 was decreased by 86.51%, 85.22%, 74.26%, and 66.66%, respectively, at $100{\mu}g/ml$ extract concentration. The findings suggest that the 70% ethanol extract from E. annuus (L.) Pers. has potential as a cosmeceutical ingredient with whitening effect.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.147-155
• /
• 1993

This study attemps to rethink assumption that the family can be 'a heaven' to everyone in a harsh world through theoretical review Functionalists insist that people feel emotional secure through family life. However this pers-pective sees only the one side of the family experience ignoring the other side of its tension and conflicts in the family. From marxist perspective the family experiences may not be the same among different social classes due to their economic inequality, It might be that middle class family is more likely to experiences emotional secure than any other social class. Feminists have challenged prevalent assumptions about the family. They see that women are oppressed by the family. These results mean that marxist and feminist perspectives compensate for the limitation of functionalism. I'd like to propose that marxist and feminist perspectives can be used framewrok for the family study.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.33 no.8
• /
• pp.2627-2634
• /
• 2012

Strobilurins are one of the most important classes of agricultural fungicides. To discover new strobilurin derivatives with high activity against resistant pathogens, a series of novel ${\beta}$-methoxyacrylate analogues were designed and synthesized by integrating substituted pyrimidine with a strobilurin pharmacophore. The compounds were confirmed and characterized by infrared, $^1H$ nuclear magnetic resonance, elemental analysis and mass spectroscopy. The bioassays indicated that most of the compounds (1a-1h) exhibited potent antifungal activities against Colletotrichum orbiculare, Botrytis cinerea Pers and Phytophthora capsici Leonian at the concentration of 50 ${\mu}g/mL$. Exhilaratingly, compound 1d (R=3-trifluoromethylphenyl) showed better antifungal activity against all the tested fungi than the commercial strobilurin fungicide azoxystrobin.