• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2014

Purpose: Needlestick injuries (NSI) is the most frequent occupational hazard for healthcare personnel (HCP), and immediate report and adequate post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is essential in preventing occupational transmission of blood-borne pathogens. Methods: From June 2010 to October 2010, 544 NSI were reported through websites from 21 general hospitals in Korea. Among those, 499 cases of NSI were analyzed to identify the rate of follow-up treatment completion and for seroconversion. Results: 88.2% of the cases were completed with follow-up treatment, 8.8% of the NSI were not completed with follow-up treatment, and 5 cases were unavailable to trace. 4.2% cases of NSI required a hepatitis B vaccination concurrent with hepatitis B immunoglobulin. 41.1% of the cases and 31.1% of the cases needed to be tested for anti HCV and anti HIV, respectively. Prophylaxis medication for HIV was prescribed in 3 cases, and all cases completed required 1 month of medication. There was 1 case (0.2%) of seroconversion to HCV. Conclusion: The PEP completion rate was not satisfactory, and the importance of completion of PEP treatment should be emphasized through education and counseling. Also, a careful risk assessment is needed for HCP who are exposed to HCV or HIV.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.450-461
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• 2005

In this paper, we derive analytical expressions for the exact pairwise error probability (PEP) of a space-time coded system operating over spatially correlated fast (constant over the duration of a symbol) and slow (constant over the length of a code word) fad­ing channels using a moment-generating function-based approach. We discuss two analytical techniques that can be used to evaluate the exact-PEPs (and therefore, approximate the average bit error probability (BEP)) in closed form. These analytical expressions are more realistic than previously published PEP expressions as they fully account for antenna spacing, antenna geometries (uniform linear array, uniform grid array, uniform circular array, etc.) and scattering models (uniform, Gaussian, Laplacian, Von-mises, etc.). Inclusion of spatial information in these expressions provides valuable insights into the physical factors determining the performance of a space-time code. Using these new PEP expressions, we investigate the effect of antenna spacing, antenna geometries and azimuth power distribution parameters (angle of arrival/departure and angular spread) on the performance of a four-state QPSK space-time trellis code proposed by Tarokh et al. for two transmit antennas.

• BMB Reports
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• 제47권10호
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• pp.581-586
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• 2014

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is known to play key roles in skin regeneration and wound-healing. Here, we demonstrate that Pep2-YAC, a tripeptide covering residues 29-31 in the B loop of EGF, promotes the proliferation of HaCaT keratinocytes with activity comparable to EGF. The treatment of HaCaT cells with Pep2-YAC induced phosphorylation, internalization, and degradation of EGFR and organization of signaling complexes, which consist of Grb2, Gab1, SHP2, and PI3K. In addition, it stimulated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 at Thr 202/Tyr 204 and of Akt1 at Ser 473 and the nuclear translocation of EGFR, STAT3, c-Jun, and c-Fos. These results suggest that Pep2-YAC may be useful as a therapeutic agent for skin regeneration and wound-healing as an EGFR agonist.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2016

Marine organisms are sources of many bioactive compounds, such as essential fatty acids, essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals, making them useful candidates for the production of safe bioactive substances. They also synthesize glutamic acid, which can be used to produce γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS), via fermentation with Lactobacillus brevis BJ-20. This study investigated the degree to which fermented sea tangle (FST) inhibits enzymes such as acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) and affects memory of normal mice using the T-maze test. FST inhibited more than 90% of AChE at 1 mg/mL and 50% of PEP at 8 mg/mL. Oral FST (100 mg/kg) significantly improved performance of normal mice on the T-maze. Therefore, sea tangle fermented with L. brevis BJ20 effectively contributes to memory improvement and might be a useful functional food ingredient.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제31권5B호
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• pp.390-396
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• 2006

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks(MANETs)에서 정책기반 네트워크 관리를 위해서는 기존의 유선망 관리 방법으로는 신뢰성과 효율성을 보장 할 수 없다. 그러므로 MANETs 관리는 노드들을 효과적으로 클러스터하고 이동 관리를 하는 것이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 분산 되어 있는 PDP(Policy Decision Point)를 발견하는 Active PDP Discovery Protocol과 PEP(Policy Enforcement Point)노드 이동 감지를 위해 COPS-PR을 확장하고 PDP에 MNL(Management Node List)를 추가하여 PEP노드를 관리하는 방법을 제안한다. 그리고 시뮬레이션을 통해 얻은 결과를 분석하고 결론으로 끝맺는다.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.95-123
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• 2008

As a medium for communication on science and technology, science museum could be important to adults who finished formal school education. By analysing all the exhibits at the National Science Museum and conducting a face-to-face interview survey toward 100 adult visitors, based on the PEP / IS model's perspective(Kim, 2007), this study aimed to find a way to induce many adults to visit science museum from the information consumer's viewpoint, not the information provider's one. The result was that most of the exhibits were not related to problems which people focused attention on. About half of visitors, therefore, did not relate their problems with exhibits and responded that there was no relationship between exhibits and their everyday life. However, they had an idea that science and technology could contribute to solving their problems. These findings could suggest that first, science exhibits in relation to people's focused problems or issues are to be developed, second, programs for parents who are accompanied by their children are to be developed, and last, adults' engagement in planning the science museum exhibits is to be considered.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.285-293
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• 2013

Leaf samples of Solanum lycopersicum, Capsicum annuum, Cucurbita moschata, Cucurbita pepo, Sechium edule and Erythrina spp. were collected. All samples were positive for begomoviruses using polymerase chain reaction and degenerate primers. A sequence of ~1,100 bp was obtained from the genomic component DNA-A of 14 samples. In addition, one sequence of ~580 bp corresponding to the coat protein (AV1) was obtained from a chayote (S. edule) leaf sample. The presence of Squash yellow mild mottle virus (SYMMoV) and Pepper golden mosaic virus (PepGMV) were confirmed. The host range reported for SYMMoV includes species of the Cucurbitaceae, Caricaceae and Fabaceae families. This report extends the host range of SYMMoV to include the Solanaceae family, and extends the host range of PepGMV to include C. moschata, C. pepo and the Fabaceae Erythrina spp. This is the first report of a begomovirus (PepGMV) infecting chayote in the Western Hemisphere.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.292-311
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• 2017

Purpose: Beyond the limited scope of non-specific polyclonal regulatory T cell (Treg)-based immunotherapy, which depends largely on serendipity, the present study explored a target Treg subset appropriate for the delivery of a novel epitope spreader Pep19 antigen as part of a sophisticated form of immunotherapy with defined antigen specificity that induces immune tolerance. Methods: Human polyclonal $CD4^+CD25^+CD127^{lo-}$ Tregs (127-Tregs) and $na\ddot{i}ve$ $CD4^+CD25^+CD45RA^+$ Tregs (45RA-Tregs) were isolated and were stimulated with target peptide 19 (Pep19)-pulsed dendritic cells in a tolerogenic milieu followed by ex vivo expansion. Low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) and rapamycin were added to selectively exclude the outgrowth of contaminating effector T cells (Teffs). The following parameters were investigated in the expanded antigen-specific Tregs: the distinct expression of the immunosuppressive Treg marker Foxp3, epigenetic stability (demethylation in the Treg-specific demethylated region), the suppression of Teffs, expression of the homing receptors CD62L/CCR7, and CD95L-mediated apoptosis. The expanded Tregs were adoptively transferred into an $NOD/scid/IL-2R{\gamma}^{-/-}$ mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis. Results: Epitope-spreader Pep19 targeting by 45RA-Tregs led to an outstanding in vitro suppressive T cell fate characterized by robust ex vivo expansion, the salient expression of Foxp3, high epigenetic stability, enhanced T cell suppression, modest expression of CD62L/CCR7, and higher resistance to CD95L-mediated apoptosis. After adoptive transfer, the distinct fate of these T cells demonstrated a potent in vivo immunotherapeutic capability, as indicated by the complete elimination of footpad swelling, prolonged survival, minimal histopathological changes, and preferential localization of $CD4^+CD25^+$ Tregs at the articular joints in a mechanistic and orchestrated way. Conclusions: We propose human $na\ddot{i}ve$ $CD4^+CD25^+CD45RA^+$ Tregs and the epitope spreader Pep19 as cellular and molecular targets for a novel antigen-specific Treg-based vaccination against collagen-induced arthritis.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2008

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the selective death of motor neurons. Mutations in the SOD1 gene are responsible for a familial form of ALS (FALS). Although many studies suggest that mutant SOD1 proteins are cytotoxic, the mechanism is not fully understood. To investigate the role of mutant SOD1 in FALS, human SOD1 genes were fused with a PEP-1 peptide in a bacterial expression vector to produce in-frame PEP-1-SOD fusion proteins (wild type and mutants). The expressed and purified PEP-1-SOD fusion proteins were efficiently transduced into neuronal cells. Neurones harboring the A4V, G93A, G85R, and D90A mutants of PEP-1-SOD were more vulnerable to oxidative stress induced by paraquat than those harboring wild-type proteins. Moreover, neurones harboring the mutant SOD proteins had lower heat shock protein (Hsp) expression levels than those harboring wild-type SOD. The effects of the transduced SOD1 fusion proteins may provide an explanation for the association of SOD1 with FALS, and Hsps could be candidate agents for the treatment of ALS.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제46권9호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 하나의 기지국, 세 개의 중계국, 하나의 수신국으로 이루어진 중계 기반 협동 시스템을 이용하는 새로운 분산 Alamouti 시공간 블록 부호화 기법을 제안하였다. 세 개의 중계국 중에서 선택한 두 개의 중계국과 통신이 이루어지도록 기지국은 두 개의 빔(beam)으로 구성된 array를 사용하는 개별적인 두 개의 안테나로 이루어졌다고 가정하였다. 첫 번째 시간 슬롯(slot) 동안, 기지국의 한 안테나로부터 전송된 개별적인 두 개의 신호가 하나의 중계국에 의하여 선택되고, 더해지고, 증폭되고, 수신국으로 보내진다. 이 전송 기법은 중계국과 수신국 사이의 채널에서 생성될 수 있는 새로운 분산 Alamouti 시공간 블록 부호를 나타낸다. 심벌의 등가 행렬 표현을 이용하여 처노프(Chernoff) 상계(upper bound) 쌍 오류 확률(PEP)의 관점에서 제안된 시공간 블록 부호의 성능을 분석하였다 또한, 수신 신호 성능 관점에서 기지국의 두 개의 안테나 사이의 전력 배분에 따라 결정되는 계수 $\alpha$의 효과를 평가하였다. 컴퓨터 모의실험을 통하여 $\alpha$의 값이 $\frac{2}{3}$일 때에만 세 개의 중계국에서의 수신 신호가 같은 분산을 갖는다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 결과적으로 수신국에서 더 나은 성능을 얻을 수 있었다. 이 분석 결과를 통하여 제안된 기법을 이용할 경우 기존의 기법에 비하여 중계국에서의 다이버시티 이득, PEP, 복잡성 관점에서 뛰어난 성능을 얻을 수 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.