• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1079-1085
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• 2008

The chemopreventive activity of sulforaphane (SFN) occurs through its inhibition of carcinogen-activating enzymes and its induction of detoxification enzymes. However, the exact mechanisms by which SFN exerts its anti-carcinogenic effects are not fully understood. Therefore, the mechanisms underlying the cytoprotective effects of SFN were examined in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Exposure of cells to SFN (10 ${\mu}M$) induced a transcriptional change in the AKR1C3 gene, which is one of aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) family that is associated with detoxification and antioxidant response. Further analysis revealed that SFN elicited a dose- and time-dependent increase in the expression of both the NRF2 and AKR1C3 proteins. Moreover, this up-regulation of AKR1C3 was inhibited by pretreatment with antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), which suggests that the up-regulation of AKR1C3 expression induced by SFN involves reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling. Furthermore, pretreatment of cells with LY294002, a pharmacologic inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), suppressed the SFN-augmented Nrf2 activation and AKR1C3 expression; however, inhibition of PKC or MEK1/2 signaling with $G\ddot{o}6976$ or PD98059, respectively, did not alter SFN-induced AKR1C3 expression. Collectively, these data suggest that SFN can modulate the expression of the AKR1C3 in MCF-7 cells by activation of PI3K via the generation of ROS.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1965-1967
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• 2013

Background: To obtain the maximum additional information about the prognosis of gastric cancer, we compared CA-50 with other previously defined markers. Materials and Methods: This hospital based study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry of Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences between $1^{st}$ July 2012 and $31^{st}$ December 2012. The variables collected were age, gender, AFP, CEA, CA19-9, and CA50, assayed with ELISA reader for all cases. The cut off values for serum AFP, CEA, CA19-9, and CA-50 were 10 ${\mu}g/l$, 10 ${\mu}g/l$, 37 U/ml, and 20 U/ml, respectively according to the manufacturer's instructions. Approval for the study was obtained from the institutional research ethical committee. Results: Of the 40 examined patients, 13 patients had tumors located in the upper third of the stomach, 6 patients had tumors in the middle third, 16 patients had tumors in the lower third, and 5 patients had tumors occupying two-thirds of the stomach or more. The distribution of lymph node staging of the patients was as follows: 7 patients belonged to N0, 9 patients to N1 stage, 10 patients to N2 stage, and 14 patients to N3 stage. The statistical method of Cox proportional hazards using multivariate analysis also illustrated that tumor markers including CEA (2.802), CA19-9 (2.690), CA50 (2.101), were independent prognostic factors, as tumor size (1.603), and lymph node stage (1.614). Conclusions: The tumour markers now available, like CEA, CA 19-9 and CA 50, chiefly perceive advanced gastric cancer. The preoperative rise in those tumour marker level have a prognostic significance and may be clinically helpful in choosing patients for adjuvant management.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.388-398
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• 2009

Background and Objective: Luffae Fructus Retinervus (LFR) is used for investigating symptoms of inflammation. We have evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of LFR by analyzing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Materials and Methods : We differentiated THP-l cells into macrophage-like cells by treatment with PMA. Inflammation was induced by treatment with LPS and PMA. We determined the safe concentration of LFR by using the MTS and MTT assays and using PD 98059 as a negative control for comparison of the anti-inflammatory effect of LFR. Results : The MTS and MTT analysis showed that the cell survival rate was >80% within the LFR concentration range of 10-100 ng/ml and began to decrease to >80% at 1 ${\mu}g/ml$. By RT-PCR analysis, the gene expression of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-8, TGF-${\beta}$, IL-6, IL-${\beta}$1, and IL-10 levels were down-regulated when monocyte-derived macrophages were treated with concentrations of LFR between 10 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL. Conclusion : We conclude that LFR exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory activity. The results suggest a promising way to treat general inflammatory diseases.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.599-603
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• 1993

Bis(1,2-diaminopropane)palladium(II)-Bis(oxalato)palladate(II)($Pd_2C_{10}H_{10}N_{4}O_{8}$)의 단위 착이온 및 결정의 구조들을 X-선 회절법으로 연구하였다. 이 결정은 사방정계이고 공간군은 $P_{ccn}$ (군 번호 = 56)이다. 단위세포 길이는 a = 16.178(5), b = 16.381(6), c = $6.685(2)\AA$이며 Z=4이다. 회절 반점들의 세기는 흑연 단색화 장치가 있는 자동 4축 회절기로 얻었으며 $Mo-K\alpha$ X-선(${\lambda}$ = 0.7107 $\AA)$을 사용하였다. 구조분석은 중금속법으로 풀었으며, 최소자승법으로 정밀화하였고, 최종 신뢰도 값들은 605개의 회절반점에 대하여 R = 0.065, $R_W = 0.059, R_{all}$ = 0.065과 S = 4.315였다. 착이온들은 근본적으로 평면구조로써, 이들의 충진구조는 마그누스 염형태의 구조가 아니라, 착음이온의 면간 중첩거리가 $3.343(5)\AA$인 일차원 정규 음이온원주를 형성하고 있으며, 그 주위를 착양이온들이 둘러싸고 있다. 두 가지 착이온들 사이의 면간 각은 $18(1)^{\circ}$로써, 질소 및 산소원자들 사이의 직접적인 거리가 2.94(3)와 $3.31(4)\AA$ 사이의 수소결합으로 음이온 원주 주위에 양이온들이 둘러싸고 있다.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2018

This study tries to connect the 'four-elements metaphor' of Bachelard with architectural Images of Coop Himmelblau. Two basic terms of 'phenomenology of imagination' and 'material image' are explored firstly to understand the meaning and value of Bachelardienne four-elements in architectural discourse. The material images of air, fire, water, and clay are applied to the analysis of architectural experience of Busan Cinema Center(BCC) which is selected among works of Himmelblau by reason of its integrity of the four-elements' images. After elaborate Bachelardienne description of the images of BCC, the study examines whole Himmelblau's works since 1968 chronologically from the perspective of the four-elements' architectural images which are found in the analysis of BCC. The study of BCC could discover the images of air in two roofs, the images of fire in Double cone, the images of water in outdoor cinema, Dureraum square, flying brides, and the images of clay in Cinemountain and BIFF Hill. The chronological study found that Himmelblau had started their projects with the images of air in 1968 and tried the fire from 1978, and their regular examination of water and clay images had begun in mid 90's. After 2000, they could show a certain harmony of the four elements in their works.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.849-855
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• 2003

NO는 태반의 영양모세포의 증식에서 중요한 신호전달인자로서 작용을 한다. 본 연구에서는 choriocarcinoma 세포주인 BeWo 세포에서 NO에 의한 세포의 증식에서PLC의 관련성을 조사하였다. 세포 내 NO 생성을 자연적으로 유발하는 약물인 SNP를 단독으로 처리하였을 때 BeWo 세포에서 $［^3H］$thymidine의 축적 양이 현저히 증가하였는데 이러한 결과는 NO가 BeWo 세포의 증식을 촉진한다는 것을 보여주고 있다. NO에 의한 BeWo 세포의 증식은 PLC의 억제제인 U73122에 의하여 현저히 감소하였다. BeWo 세포에 SNP를 10분간 처리하였을 때 ERK1/2의 인산화가 증가되는 것을 Western blot으로 확인하였다. 이들 인산화는 U73122에 의하여 아무런 영향을 받지 않았다. $PLC\gamma_1$과 $PLC\gamma_2$에 대한 특이 항체를 이용한 면역침전을 시행한 후 phosphotyrosine에 대한 항체인 PY로 Western blotting을 시행하였을 때 PLC${\gamma}$$_1$은 SNP에 의하여 tyrosine 잔기의 인산화가 이루어졌으나 $PLC\gamma_2$는 인산화가 되지 않았다. SNP에 의한 $PLC\gamma_1$의 인산화는 genistein이나 PD98059를 전 처리하였을 때 억제되었다. 따라서, NO에 의한$PLC\gamma_1$의 tyrosine 인산화는 ERK의 활성을 통하여 일어난다는 것을 알 수 있다 이상의 결과들은 BeWo세포에서 NO는 세포증식을 촉진하며 ERK와 $PLC\gamma_1$의 활성화를 통하여 일어난다는 사실을 제시하고 있다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.166-172
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• 1994

2.5 Gbps급 장거리 광통신 시스템에 소요되는 단일모우드 광섬유 부착 APD-FET 광수신모듈을 설계 및 제작하였다. 본 논문에서는 광수신모듈 제작시 고려해야 할 광학적, 전기적, 기계적 설계 및 제작 그리고 모듈의 특성평가에 대해 설명하였다. 광학적으로는 GRIN rod 렌즈와 경사 연마된 단일모우드 광섬유를 갖는 단일렌즈계로 구성하였으며 기계적으로는 광부품의 견고한 조립을 위해 레이저 용접법을 도입하였고 전기적으로는 Avalenche Photo Diode로부터의 소신호를 증폭하기 위한 GaAs FET 전치층폭기를 내장 하였다. 모듈 제작후 성능평가에서는 2.5 Gbps 속도에서 223-1의 길이를 갖는 입력광신호에 대해 $10^{-10}$ Bit Error Rate 조건에서 모듈 수신감도가 -30.3dBm으로 측정되어 국제전신전화 자문 위원회의 규격인 -26dBm은 물론 한국통신규격인 상온 -30dBm을 만족시키는 결과를 얻었다. 본 연구에서의 성공적인 모듈제작은 2.5 Gbps 광통신용 광수신모듈ㄹ의 실용화는 물론 앞으로 10 Gbps급 광통신용 광수신모듈 제작에 대한 밝은 전망을 보여주는 것이다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.405-412
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• 2012

MCFC 발전시스템에서 연소기는 연료극의 배가스 중에 포함된 미반응 가스를 연료로 사용하여 공기극에 $H_2O$와 $CO_2$ 농도가 높은 고온의 혼합가스를 공급하는 역할을 한다. 하지만 이러한 배가스는 가연한계 이하로 내려가게 되어 통상적인 연소방식에 의한 완전연소가 어렵기 때문에 이를 해결하기 위하여 촉매연소기를 사용한다. 완전연소 및 이에 다른 공해물질의 저감 특성에 따라 최근 촉매연소는 환경친화적인 연소방식으로 주목받고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 MCFC 발전시스템의 BOP 시스템에 적용되는 촉매연소기에 대한 실험연구를 수행하였다. 본문에서는 실험장치를 설명한 후 촉매연소 시스템의 설계변수, 즉, $H_2$ 연료 첨가에 따른 연료조성, 유입가스의 온도, 과잉 공기비, 촉매의 종류, 그리고 시동 스케줄에 따른 촉매연소 특성을 고찰하였다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2016

The seed of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L) has been reported to suppress human cancer cell proliferation. However, the mechanisms by which safflower seed inhibits cancer cell proliferation have remained nuclear. In this study, the inhibitory effect of the safflower seed (SS) on the proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells and the potential mechanism of action were examined. SS inhibited markedly the proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells (HCT116, SW480, LoVo and HT-29). In addition, SS suppressed the proliferation of human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7). SS treatment decreased cyclin D1 protein level in human colorectal cancer cells and breast cancer cells. But, SS-mediated downregulated mRNA level of cyclin D1 was not observed. Inhibition of proteasomal degradation by MG132 attenuated cyclin D1 downregulation by SS and the half-life of cyclin D1 was decreased in SS-treated cells. In addition, SS increased cyclin D1 phosphorylation at threonine-286 and a point mutation of threonine-286 to alanine attenuated SS-mediated cyclin D1 degradation. Inhibition of ERK1/2 by PD98059 suppressed cyclin D1 phosphorylation and downregulation of cyclin D1 by SS. In conclusion, SS has anti-proliferative activity by inducing cyclin D1 proteasomal degradation through ERK1/2-dependent threonine-286 phosphorylation of cyclin D1. These findings suggest that possibly its extract could be used for treating colorectal cancer.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.1534-1541
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• 2001

Forty-five Large White gilts were used to study the effect of energy intake from 28 to 176 d of age on body composition and reproductive development. From 28 to 60 d, the gilts were fed ad libitum a 16.6 MJ DE/kg, 24% crude protein and 1.3% total lysine diet. From 61 d of age three dietary treatments were used; 1) ad libitum access to feed (15.6 MJ DE/kg, 21% crude protein and 1.07% total lysine) (H), 2) feed offered at 75% (M) of the previous days intake of H, and 3) feed offered at 60% (L) of the previous days intake of H. ADG from 61 to 176 d of age was (p<0.05) affected by treatment. Although live weight at 176 d of age did not differ (p>0.1) the H gilts had higher (p<0.08) carcass weights than the M or L gilts. Back fat depths were similar (p>0.1) for all treatments at 115 d of age, however by 176 d of age M and H gilts were fatter (p<0.1) than L gilts. The mean lipid deposition (LD) from 115 to 176 d of age for L gilts (78.9 g/d) was less (p<0.05) than for M gilts (143.6 g/d) and H gilts (135.6 g/d). There were no differences between treatments for protein deposition (PD) over the same period. More (p<0.05) H gilts (n=8) attained puberty (first observed estrus) than either M gilts or L gilts (n=4 for both). Follicle numbers were similar (p>0.1) across treatments. For gilts that attained puberty, H gilts had fewer (p<0.05) follicles (13.5) than M gilts (19.7) and L gilts (21.3). For gilts with follicular development, H gilts had the heaviest (458.7 g) reproductive tract weight (RTW). However, for those that attained puberty, L gilts had the heaviest RTW. RTW were lowest for those with no follicular development. Energy restriction had a negative impact on puberty attainment, i.e. it took longer to reach puberty. However, for gilts that attained puberty, the number of follicles was greater for those on r feed intakes. It would appear that rate of fat deposition, but not necessarily the total amount of fat, plays an important role in puberty attainment.