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http://dx.doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2016.29.3.297

Anticancer Activity of the Safflower Seeds (Carthamus tinctorius L.) through Inducing Cyclin D1 Proteasomal Degradation in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells  

Park, Gwang Hun (Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University)
Hong, Se Chul (Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University)
Jeong, Jin Boo (Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Plant Resources / v.29, no.3, 2016 , pp. 297-304 More about this Journal
Abstract
The seed of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L) has been reported to suppress human cancer cell proliferation. However, the mechanisms by which safflower seed inhibits cancer cell proliferation have remained nuclear. In this study, the inhibitory effect of the safflower seed (SS) on the proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells and the potential mechanism of action were examined. SS inhibited markedly the proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells (HCT116, SW480, LoVo and HT-29). In addition, SS suppressed the proliferation of human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7). SS treatment decreased cyclin D1 protein level in human colorectal cancer cells and breast cancer cells. But, SS-mediated downregulated mRNA level of cyclin D1 was not observed. Inhibition of proteasomal degradation by MG132 attenuated cyclin D1 downregulation by SS and the half-life of cyclin D1 was decreased in SS-treated cells. In addition, SS increased cyclin D1 phosphorylation at threonine-286 and a point mutation of threonine-286 to alanine attenuated SS-mediated cyclin D1 degradation. Inhibition of ERK1/2 by PD98059 suppressed cyclin D1 phosphorylation and downregulation of cyclin D1 by SS. In conclusion, SS has anti-proliferative activity by inducing cyclin D1 proteasomal degradation through ERK1/2-dependent threonine-286 phosphorylation of cyclin D1. These findings suggest that possibly its extract could be used for treating colorectal cancer.
Keywords
Safflower seed; Anticancer activity; Cyclin D1; Human colorectal cancer; Cancer chemoprevention;
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