• 정신신체의학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.97-107
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• 1997

As a preliminary step to develop the Daily stress Inventory(DSI) for assessing minor stressors frequently experienced in everyday lift. We examined the reliability and validity of the DSI. The Daily Stress Inventory(DSI), the Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI), the Social Readjustment Rating Scale(SRRS) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI) were administered to 111 college students. Compared with the weekly DSI Event, Impact and I/E ratio scores of the American college students, the weekly event and I/E ratio scores of the Korean college students were significantly higher but weekly Impact score was lower. The internal consistency reliability of the DSI as computed by Cronbach alpha was .98. The DSI I/E ratio scores were significantly correlated with the scores of State Anxiety$({\gamma}=.27)$ and Trait Anxiety${\gamma}=.24)$, but not with BDI scores. And the SSRS scores were not significantly correlated to the DSI Event or Impact and In ratio scores. Significant correlations were revealed between the DSI Impact scores and the Sc and Ma scales of the MMPI. And the correlation between the DSI I/E ratio scores and the L, D, Hy, Pd and Pa scales of the MMPI was also significant. But no significant correlation was found between the DSI Event scores and all the scales of the MMPI. This study suggests that the DSI can be a reliable and valid tool to assess the minor stress frequently experienced in everyday life future study should be directed to obtain normative data based on more varied and larger population. Especially gathering additional evidences for the validity of the DSI using other minor stressor scale will be required.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권12호
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• pp.1915-1923
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• 2013

된장 발효 시에 정제염, 천일염 및 죽염을 사용하여 된장을 8주간 $37^{\circ}C$에서 발효시키면서 발효의 특성 및 관능평가, 항산화, HT-29 암세포의 성장 억제효과와 apoptosis 및 염증관련 유전자 발현 정도를 측정하였다. 발효가 진행되면서 소금의 종류에 관계없이 pH는 전체적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 아미노태 질소는 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. Protease와 ${\alpha}$-amylase 활성은 발효의 진행에 따라 증가하였다. 정제염으로 사용한 된장에서는 천일염과 죽염으로 제조한 된장보다 아미노태 질소 함량과 효소 활성에서 낮은 결과를 나타내었다. 관능평가를 실시한 결과 정제염 된장이 맛, 기호도에서 그 선호도가 가장 낮았으며, 죽염 된장 중에서 9회 죽염 된장의 관능평가가 맛, 기호성 등에서 가장 높은 점수를 획득하였다. DPPH radical 소거효과와 hydroxy radical 소거효과는 1.0 mg/mL에서 정제염 된장에서는 40%, 49%, 천일염 된장에서는 42%, 57%, 1회 죽염 된장은 42%, 64%, 3회 죽염 된장은 45%, 65%, 9회 죽염 된장이 47%, 69%의 소거효과를 나타내었다. HT-29 암세포 성장 억제효과는 모든 된장 처리군에서 암세포 성장 억제효과가 나타났으며, apoptosis 및 염증 관련 유전자의 발현정도를 분석 결과에서도 모든 된장군에서 iNOS, COX-2, Bcl-2 유전자 발현이 현저히 감소하고, Bax 유전자의 발현은 증가하여서 암 세포의 apoptosis 유도 활성 및 염증 억제를 시키는 것으로 나타났다. 정제염으로 제조한 된장, 천일염으로 제조한 된장, 죽염으로 제조한 된장의 순으로 apoptosis 유도 활성 및 염증 억제 효과가 높았다. 이상의 결과로 된장 제조 시에 정제염보다는 천일염이나 죽염을 이용하고, 특히 굽는 횟수가 증가한 죽염을 사용하여 된장을 발효시킨다면, 된장의 발효 우수성 및 기능성 증가를 갖는 된장 제조가 가능할 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2003

When cells are exposed to proteotoxic stresses such as heat shock, amino acid analogs, and heavy metals, they increase the synthesis of the heat shock proteins (HSPs) by activating the heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1), whose activity is controlled via multiple steps including homotrimerization, nuclear translocation, DNA binding, and hyperphosphorylation. Under unstressed conditions, the HSF1 activity is repressed through its constitutive phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase 3$\beta$ (GSK3$\beta$), extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK). However, the protein kinase (s) responsible for HSF1 hyperphosphorylation and activation is not yet identified. In the present study, we observed that profile of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) activation in response to heat shock was very similar to those of HSF1 hyperphosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Therefore, we investigated whether p38MAPK is involved in the heat shock-induced HSF1 activation and HSP expression. Here we show that the p38MAPK inhibitors, SB202190 and SB203580, but not other inhibitors including the MEK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 and the PI3-K inhibitor LY294002 and wortmannin, suppress HSF1 hyperphosphorylation in response to heat shock and L-azetidine 2-carboxylic acid (Azc), but not to heavy metals. Furthermore, heat shock-induced HSF1-DNA binding and HSP72 expression was specifically prevented by the p38MAPK inhibitors, but not by the MEK1/2 inhibitor and the PI3-K inhibitors. These results suggest that SB202190- and SB203580-sensitive p38MAPK may positively regulate HSP gene regulation in response to heat shock and amino acid analogs.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2003

본 실험에서는 microtiter plate를 이용하는 실내 검정법을 이용하여 고추 탄저병균의 기주체 침입 초기에 볼 수 있는 형태 변화인 포자 발아 및 부착과 균사 생장에 미치는 다양한 화합물의 활성을 대량으로 검정할 수 있는 방법을 확립하였고, 기존의 몇 가지 살균제가 가지는 고추 탄저병균의 초기 형태 분화 에 대한 억제 효과를 조사하였다. 본 실내 검정법을 표준화하기 위하여 MTT와 propanol 처리, 접종하는 포자의 농도, 배양 시간들이 병원균의 흡광도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. MTT를 12 시간, propanol을 1 시간 처리하였을 때, 그리고 JC24 의 포자를 $1\times10^5$개/mL의 농도로 접종하고 36 시간 배양하였을 때, 병원균의 흡광도가 일관성 있고 높게 나타났다. 살균제의 작용 특성을 알아보기 위해서 6종의 보호용 살균제, 6종의 스테롤 생합성 저해 살균제, 1종의 호흡저해제를 선발하여 microtiter plate 대량 검정 방법에서 효과를 조사하였다. 보호용 살균제 중에서 mancozeb, chlorothalonil, dithianone 등은 $6.25{\mu}g/mL$ 처리구에서도 포자의 발아, 부착과 균사의 생장을 모두 80% 이상 억제하였으나, propineb, iminoctadine, fluazinam 등은 $100{\mu}g/mL$의 처리를 2 시간만에 세척하였을 때 흡광도가 감소하는 것으로 보아 포자 부착 억제 효과는 적었다. 6종의 스테롤 생합성 저해제 중에서 hexaconazole, tebuconazole, myclobutanil 등은 포자의 발아와 균사 생육을 억제하고, 세척할 경우 JC24의 생육 억제 효과가 떨어지는 것을 보아 부착 억제 효과는 기대할 수 없었다. Nuarimol 은 $100{\mu}g/mL$로 처리한 고농도에서만 부착에 대한 억제 효과가 54.7%로 다른 억제 효과보다 우수하였으나, $6.25{\mu}g/mL$의 저농도로 처리하였을 때는 부착 억제 효과가 나타나지 않았다. Kresoxim-methyl은 6.25와 $100{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 포자 부착에 대한 억제율이 27.3%와 54.4%로 나타났는데, 처리하는 농도가 높아짐에 따라서 효과도 증가하였다. 이상의 결과와 같이 때 microtiter plate를 사용하여 병원균이 식물체를 침입하는 초기에 나타나는 포자 발아와 부착, 그리고 균사 생장을 검정할 수 있었으며, 본 실험 방법을 통하여 Kresoxim-methyl은 탄저병균의 포자 부착을 특이적으로 억제하는 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2016

Reducing $[Mg^{2+}]_o$ to 0.1 mM can evoke repetitive $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ spikes and seizure activity, which induces neuronal cell death in a process called excitotoxicity. We examined the issue of whether cultured rat hippocampal neurons preconditioned by a brief exposure to 0.1 mM $[Mg^{2+}]_o$ are rendered resistant to excitotoxicity induced by a subsequent prolonged exposure and whether $Ca^{2+}$ spikes are involved in this process. Preconditioning by an exposure to 0.1 mM $[Mg^{2+}]_o$ for 5 min inhibited significantly subsequent 24 h exposure-induced cell death 24 h later (tolerance). Such tolerance was prevented by both the NMDA receptor antagonist D-AP5 and the L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel antagonist nimodipine, which blocked 0.1 mM $[Mg^{2+}]_o$-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ spikes. The AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX significantly inhibited both the tolerance and the $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ spikes. The intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ chelator BAPTA-AM significantly prevented the tolerance. The nonspecific PKC inhibitor staurosporin inhibited the tolerance without affecting the $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ spikes. While $G{\ddot{o}}6976$, a specific inhibitor of $PKC{\alpha}$ had no effect on the tolerance, both the $PKC{\varepsilon}$ translocation inhibitor and the $PKC{\zeta}$ pseudosubstrate inhibitor significantly inhibited the tolerance without affecting the $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ spikes. Furthermore, JAK-2 inhibitor AG490, MAPK kinase inhibitor PD98059, and CaMKII inhibitor KN-62 inhibited the tolerance, but PI-3 kinase inhibitor LY294,002 did not. The protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide significantly inhibited the tolerance. Collectively, these results suggest that low $[Mg^{2+}]_o$ preconditioning induced excitotoxic tolerance was directly or indirectly mediated through the $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ spike-induced activation of $PKC{\varepsilon}$ and $PKC{\xi}$, JAK-2, MAPK kinase, CaMKII and the de novo synthesis of proteins.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5773-5775
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• 2012

Objective: To assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of AFP and des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin (DCP) in combination and alone for hepatocellular carcinoma. Materials and Methods: A case control study carried out in the Department of Biochemistry of Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal between $1^{st}$ January 2010 and $31^{st}$ December 2011. The variables collected were age, gender, BMI, total proteins, albumin, AST, ALT, total bilirubin, DCP, AFP. Approval for the study was obtained from the institutional research ethical committee. Estimation of AFP was performed by ELISA reader for all cases. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics and confidence interval (CI). The data was analyzed using Excel 2003, R 2.8.0 Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows Version 16.0 (SPSS Inc; Chicago, IL, USA) and the EPI Info 3.5.1 Windows Version. Results:The mean age of HCC cases was $53.6{\pm}14.93$ yrs. The percentage of females was less than males in both cases (23%) and controls (29%). The specificity of DCP reached 100% when its values was equal or greater than 150 (MAU/ml) for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 months preceding the diagnosis of HCC. Similarly, the specificity for AFP was also nearly 100% when its value was equal or greater than 200 ng/ml 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 months earlier to the finding of HCC. The specificity of DCP (${\geq}40MAU/mL$) and AFP(${\geq}20$ ng/mL) in combination was 93%, 97%, 95%, 96%, 97% in respect to 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 months prior to the diagnosis of HCC. Conclusion: The combination of both DCP and AFP will improve the finding of initial HCC and the sensitivity of these markers was utmost at the time of HCC identification and noticeably lesser at former time points.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.87-96
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• 1992

In order to see the variation of human nature, M.M.P.I. was carried on 2, April 1992 (the last day of the second lunar month) and 15, June 1992 (the fifteenth day of the fifth lunar month). These experiments took male and female students who were in Won kwang University as subjects (108 students on 2, April, 105 students on 15, June). The results of it suggested the followings. 1) Every students' average of T-grades on each measure were in a normal scope. 2) There were no significant differences in comparison between the fifteenth day and the last day of the month. 3) On every measure except L, Mf, Si, the female students showed higher grade in the fifteenth day than the last day of the month. But there was no significant difference in male students. Both male and female students didn't show the significant one. 4) On the fifteenth day of the month, the female students showed higher T-grade then male did on every measure except Mf, Ma, Si. There was a significant difference on D, Pd, Mf(P<0.05) measure. 5) On the last day of the month, male students showed higher T-grade then female did on every measure except L, K, Hy, Pt. There was a significant difference on L(P<0.001), K(P<0.01). 6) On experiments about female students, there was no symptom of neurosis and psychosis on the last day of the month. But three of sixteen students(18.7%) showed symptom of neurosis, one of thirteen(6%) showed symptom of psychosis on the fifteenth day of the month. On experiments about male students, eleven of ninety-two(11.9%), four of ninety-two(4.3%) showed symptom of neurosis and psychosis respectively on the fifteenth day of the month. Ten of ninety-two(10.8%), six of ninety-two(6.5%) showed symptom of neurosis and psychosis respectively on the last day of the month. As the results of the above, human nature changes to some extend according to lunar cycle. And there are many changes in female than male. But it is difficult to generalize this fact by limited subject and only one experiments. So the controlled studies are needed on the basis of this result and have to take many person as a subject.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.405-412
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• 2009

본 연구는 꾸지뽕 나무 열매로부터 75 kDa의 당단백질(꾸지뽕 당단백질)을 추출한 후 꾸지뽕 당단백질의 첨가에 따른 알레르기성 염증 인자인 histamine 유리 억제능력 및 COX-2의 활성 억제 효과를 평가하였다. RBL-2H3세포를 22시간 동안 IgE로 감작시킨 후, HSA를 처리하여 histamine의 유리양을 측정한 결과 꾸지뽕 당단백질을 처리한 농도가 증가함에 따라 histamine의 유리와 COX-2의 활성 억제율은 증가하였다. 또한 꾸지뽕 당단백질의 처리는 HSA에 의해 유도된 세포내 ROS 생성량을 농도에 의존적으로 억제하였다. 한편 꾸지뽕 당단백질을 농도별로 처리하여 세포내 단백질을 추출하여 western blot을 실시한 결과 100 ${\mu}g$/mL 농도의 꾸지뽕 당단백질을 처리한 그룹에서 ERK1/2, AP-1과 COX-2의 활성 수준은 현저히 억제 되었다(p<0.05). 따라서 이러 한 결과에 미루어볼 때, 꾸지뽕 당단백질은 세포내 해독효소의 활성을 증가시킴으로써 ROS 수준을 감소시켰으므로 꾸지뽕 당단백질의 역할이 다른 천연물 유래의 당단백질과 마찬가지로 특이적인 항산화 능력을 지니고 있음을 나타내며 histamine의 유리 억제와 COX-2의 활성이 억제되었을 것으로 생각된다. 이는 꾸지뽕 당단백질이 항 알레르기 효능을 갖는 물질로써 알레르기성 비염, 아토피 등과 같은 알레르기 관련 질환의 예방 및 치료제로 사용될 수 있을 것 사료된다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.39-59
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• 1985

The purpose of this study was to investigate how gap distances of 0.13mm, 0.15mm, 0.20mm, and 0.30mm affects solder joint strength from gold alloys and nickel-chromium base alloys and to examine the composition of solder gold, the solder joint of gold alloys and nickel-chromium base alloys. The tensile test specimens were prepared in the split stainless steel mold with a half dumbbell shape 2.5mm in diameter and l2mm in length. 6 pairs of specimens of each gap distance group of gold alloys and nickel-chromium base alloys were made and 48 pairs of all specimens were soldered with solder gold of 666 fineness. All soldered specimens were machined to a uniform diameter and then a tensile load was applied at a cross-head speed of 0.10mm/min using Instron Universal Testing Machine, Model 1115. The fractured specimens at solder gold of solder joint fracture with each gap distance of 0.13mm, 0.15mm, 0.20mm, and 0.30mm were examined under the Scanning Electron Microscope, JSM-35c and the composition of solder gold, the solder joint of gold alloys and nickel-chromium base alloys was analyzed by Electron Probe Micro Analyzer. The results of this study were obtained as follows: 1. In case of soldering of gold alloys, the tensile strength between gold alloys showed $37.33{\pm}2.52kg/mm^2$ at 0.13, $39.14{\pm}3.35kg/mm^2$ at 0.15mm, $43.76{\pm}2.97kg/mm^2$ at 0.20mm, and $49.18{\pm}4.60kg/mm^2$ at 0.30mm. There was statistically significant difference at each gap distance, and so the greater increase of gap distance showed the greater tensile strength. 2. In case of soldering of nickel-chromium base alloys, the tensile strength between nickel-chromium base alloys showed $34.84{\pm}4.26kg/mm^2$ at 0.13mm, $37.25{\pm}2.49kg/mm^2$ at 0.15mm, $42.91{\pm}4.32kg/mm^2$ at 0.20mm, and $46.93{\pm}4.21kg/mm^2$ at 0.30mm. There was not statistically significant difference only between 0.13mm and 0.15mm and bet ween 0.20 mm and 0.30mm, but generally the greater increase of gap distance showed the greater tensile strength. 3. The greater increase of gap distance shoed less porosities in solder gold at solder joint fracture. 4. In solder gold Au, Cu, Ag, Zn, and Sn were composed and Au and Cu were mostly distributed uniformly. 5. In solder joints of solder gold and gold alloys Au, Cu, Ag, Zn, and Sn were composed in solder gold and Au, Cu, Ag, Pt, and Pd were composed in gold alloys. Au and Cu of solder gold and gold alloys were mostly distributed uniformly and the diffusion of other elements except Pt and Pd around the solder joint was not almost found. In solder joints of solder gold and nickel-chromium base alloys Au, Cu, Ag, Zn, and Sn were composed in solder gold and Ni, Cr, and Al were composed in nickel-chromium base alloys. Au and Cu of solder gold and Ni and Cr of nickel-chromium base alloys were mostly distributed uniformly and the diffusion of other elements except Cr around the solder joint was not almost found.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 1998년도 제14회 학술발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.24-24
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• 1998

반도체장비를 포함하는 초고진공장비의 園훌化가 급속히 그리고 절실히 요구되고 있는 것이 현실정이다. 當面해서 실현할 국산진공장비의 대상은 廣範圍하다. 즉, 각종 진공 pump ( (rotary, dry, diffusion, cryo, ion, turbo melecular pump), 진공 chamber, 진공 line, gate valve 를 위 시 한 진공 V머ve, flange, gasket, fl않d야lU, mainpulater 퉁 진공 部品이 다. 진공계 의 핵심 은 適切하고 優良한 진공재료의 선태파 사용이다. 진공장비는 사용자가 원하는 진공도를 원하 는 시간 동안 륨空度를 유지해 주어야 한다. 진공재료 선태의 기준사항은:(1) 기체의 透過성 (2) 薰했훌 (3) 혔體放出특성 - -outgassing과 degassing- (4) 機械的 량훌度 (5) 온도 의존성 (6) 化學톡성 (7) 加I성 및 鎔接 성 (8) 課電특성 (9) 磁氣특성 (10) 高速함子 및 放射線 특성 (11) 經濟성 및 調達생 둥이 다. 우량한 초고진공계재료는 풍부하게 개발되어 왔고, 또 新材料들이 개발되고 있다. 여기에서는 주로 초고진공 내지는 극고진공계의 構造材料, 機能材料, 部品材料 일반파 몇가지 신재료의 특 성에 관해서 記述한다. M Mild SteeHSAE, 1112, 1010, 1020, 1022, etc)., S Stainless SteeHAlSI, 304, 304L, 310, 316, 321, 347): 구조재료, chamber, fl하1ges A Aluminum과 Alloys (1060, 1100, 2014, 4032, 6(뻐1): 구조재료, chamber, flanges, gaskets A AI, Al 떠loy는 SS에 代替하는 역 할올 시 작하고 있다. C Copper, Copper Alloys(C11$\alpha$)0, C26800, C61400, Cl7200): 내장인자, gasket, cryopanel, tubing T Titanium, Ziriconium, Haf띠um 및 Alloys: 특히 Ti은 10n pump 용 getter material 이 외 에 U UHV,XHV용 chamber계로서 관심올 끌고 있다. N Nickel, Nickel Alloys (200, 204, 211, monel, nichrome): 부식 방지 , 전자장치 , 자기 장치 귀 금속(Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Os, Ru): 보조부품, gasket, filament, coating, thermocouple, 접 합부위 T TiC, SiC, zrC, HfC, TaC 둥의 탄화물과, BN, TiN, AlN 동의 질화물, 붕화물이 둥장하고 었 다. 유리: Soda Lime, Borosilicate, Potash Soda Lead: View Port, Chamber envelope C Ceramics: AlZ03, BeO, MgO, zrOz, SiOz, MgOzSiOz, 3Alz032SiOz, Z$textsc{k}$hSiOz S상N4: e electrical, thermal insulators, crucibles, boats, single crystals, sepctr려 windows 저자는 최근 저자들이 발견한 Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni-Be amorphous alloys coated cham뾰r가 radiation p proof로 이용될 수 있는 사실을 점검하고 었다 .. Z.Y. Hua 들은 Cs3Sb를 새로운 photocathode 재료로 보고하고 있다.