• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.281-287
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• 2003

울산 무제치습원에 대한 생태식물상(ecological flora)과 군락유형분석이 이루어졌다. 군락유형분석은 Zurich-Montpelliar의 연구방법으로 식생유형 분류와 분포적 특성, 그리고 종조성적 군락동태를 파악하기 위하여 식생자료간의 거리(유사성)와 속성에 대한 집괴분석법 및 PCoA (Principal Coordinate Analysis) 좌표결정법이 적용되었다. 주요 감시종 13종을 포함한 습지성 식물종 49종과 중간습원 식물군락을 포함한 6개의 식물군락이 분류되었다. 식생유형은 쇠털골-좀고추나물군락, 바늘골-끈끈이주걱군락, 진퍼리새-하늘산제비난군집(신칭), 오리나무-진퍼리새군락, 소나무-억새군락, 졸참나무-은방울꽃군락 등이 기재되었으며, 동북아 산지성이탄습지의 중간습원을 대표하는 식생으로 진퍼리새군강이 새롭게 제창되었다. PCoA는 무제치습원 속에 현존하는 식물군락간의 종조성적 상이성이 토양의 수분구배와 식물군락의 층구조(생체량)에 대응하는 네 개의 천이식생형(쇠풀골형, 진퍼리새형, 억새형, 삼림형)으로 구분하였으며, 건생의 타생천이계열과 습생의 자생천이계열이 존재하고 있음이 밝혀졌다. 중간습원으로서 무제치습원에 대한 식생의 종조성과 분포의 지속성은 토사 및 영양염류의 비정상적 유입을 방지하는 습원생태계의 수문체제와 토지조건의 적극적인 고려로부터 가능하다는 것을 밝혔다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2021

Agaricus bisporus, commonly known as the button mushroom, is widely cultivated throughout the world. To breed new strains with more desirable traits and improved adaptability, diverse germplasm, including wild accessions, is a valuable genetic resource. To better understand the genetic diversity available in A. bisporus and identify previously unknown diversity within accessions, a phylogenetic analysis of 360 Agaricus spp. accessions using single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping was performed. Genetic relationships were compared using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) among accessions with known origins and accessions with limited collection data. The accessions clustered into four groups based on the PCoA with regard to genetic relationships. A subset of 67 strains, which comprised a core collection where repetitive and uninformative accessions were not included, clustered into 7 groups following analysis. Two of the 170 accessions with limited collection data were identified as wild germplasm. The core collection allowed for the accurate analysis of A. bisporus genetic relationships, and accessions with an unknown pedigree were effectively grouped, allowing for origin identification, by PCoA analysis in this study.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제12권1_2호
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• pp.35-40
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• 1978

경사대에 의한 수등적체위 변화시 분시 호흡수, 혈액 pH, $PCO_2$ 및 $PO_2$의 변화를 관찰하고 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 체위변화시 호흡수는 기립위에서는 수평대조치에 비해 감소하고 도립위에서는 많은 증가를 보였다. 혈액 pH는 기립위에서 수평대조치에 비해 동맥혈은 0.2%가 증가되었고 정맥혈은 0.3%가 감소하였다. 도립위에서는 수평대조치와 거의 변화가 없는 값을 나타내었다. $PCO_2$는 기립위에서 수평대조치에 비해 동맥혈은 8.3%, 정맥혈은 0.3%가 감소되었고 도립위에서는 동맥혈은 20.1%가 감소되고 이것은 통계적으로 의의있는 변화였다. 정맥혈은 7%가 감소되었다. $PO_2$는 기립위에서 동맥혈은 2%가 증가, 정맥혈은 21.7%가 감소되었으며 이것은 통계적으로 의의있는 변화였다. 도립위에서는 동맥혈은 11.4%가 증가되고 정맥혈은 14.1%가 감소되었다. 도립위에서 동맥혈의 $PO_2$가 증가 되는 원인은 도립중의 과도호흡하에 의한 것이라 사료되며 정맥혈의 $PO_2$의 감소는 도립중의 근육수축에 연유하는 산소소비량의 증가가 그 원인이라고 사료된다. 또 도립위에서 $PO_2$가 감소하고 수소ion의 감소가 예상됨에도 불구하고 pH가 증가하지 않는것은 산소소비가 증가되고 정맥혈의 $PO_2$가 감소되는 것으로 봐서 염기성해당으로 젖산이 증가된것이 아닌가 생각된다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.20-30
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• 2011

Purpose: Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) is a common condition characterised by menstrual abnormalities. PCOS is now recognised to be a metabolic syndrome which may include hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and possibly cardiac disease. Cyperi Rhizoma(CR) can soothe the liver to regulate gi and regulate menstruation to relieve pain. For these reasons, this study was designed to investigate the effects of CR on metabolic syndrome in PCO rats. Methods: Female rats injected with a single dose of 2 mg/kg estradiol valerate (EV) develop PCO, CR was given for 5 weeks. After 5 weeks administration of drugs, body weights, food uptake, Fasting Blood Glucose, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, Total Cholesterol, HDL-Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol and Triglyceride were measured once a week. Results: In this experiment, single injection of EV induced hyperlipidemia, but it did not affect serum glucose levels. Oral administration of CR prevent weight loss shown in control group. In addition, treatment with CR can lower total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride in serum compared to PCO induced control group. Conclusions: These results suggest that CR can regulate hyperlipidemia in PCOS.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was performed to compare the contact area between three different correcting angles after the proximal crescentic and Ludloff osteotomies of the first metatarsal. Materials and Methods: We used the two sawbone models. Proximal crescentic (PCO) and Ludloff osteotomies (LO) were performed and secured using K-wires under the correcting intermetatarsal angle (IMA) $5^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$, and $15^{\circ}$. Then each 6 osteotomized model was scanned five times and measured the contact area using the calculating program. We excluded the highest and lowest values. Results: The mean area of cutting surface was 189 $mm^2$ in PCO, 863 $mm^2$ in LO. The mean contact area (contact ratio; contact area $\times$100/area of cutting surface) of PCO was 149 $mm^2$ (79%) in $5^{\circ}$, 139.5 $mm^2$ (74%) in $10^{\circ}$, 107 $mm^2$ (57%) in $15^{\circ}$ IMA. The mean contact area (contact ratio) of LO was 711 $mm^2$ (82%) in $5^{\circ}$, 535.5 $mm^2$ (62%) in $10^{\circ}$, 330 $mm^2$ (38%) in $15^{\circ}$ IMA. Conclusion: A significant decrease in the contact area and contact ratio according to increase in correcting IMA was noticed in LO. We recommend the PCO rather than LO, when the IMA is needed to correct over $15^{\circ}$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1137-1144
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• 2013

$TiO_2$ composites with seven different carbon materials (activated carbons, graphite, carbon fibers, single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene oxides, and reduced graphene oxides) that are virgin or treated with nitric acid are prepared through an evaporation method. The photocatalytic activities of the as-prepared samples are evaluated in terms of $H_2$ production from aqueous methanol solution (photo-catalytic reduction: PCR) and degradation of aqueous pollutants (phenol, methylene blue, and rhodamine B) (photocatalytic oxidation: PCO) under AM 1.5-light irradiation. Despite varying effects depending on the kinds of carbon materials and their surface treatment, composites typically show enhanced PCR activity with maximum 50 times higher $H_2$ production as compared to bare $TiO_2$. Conversely, the carbon-induced synergy effects on PCO activities are insignificant for all three substrates. Colorimetric quantification of hydroxyl radicals supports the absence of carbon effects. However, platinum deposition on the binary composites displays the enhanced effect on both PCR and PCO reactions. These differing effects of carbon materials on PCR and PCO reactions of $TiO_2$ are discussed in terms of physicochemical properties of carbon materials, coupling states of $TiO_2$/carbon composites, interfacial charge transfers. Various surface characterizations of composites (UV-Vis diffuse reflectance, SEM, FTIR, surface area, electrical conductivity, and photoluminescence) are performed to gain insight on their photocatalytic redox behaviors.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.256-261
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• 2004

외상 치아에서 일반적으로 발생할 수 있는 합병증으로는 치수 충혈, 내출혈, 근관내 석회화 변성, 외흡수, 치수괴사, 유착 등이 있다. 치아의 근관내 석회화 변성은 치아가 외상을 받았을 경우, 발생할 수 있는 이러한 합병증의 하나이다. 석회화 변성은 여러 요소에 의해 확인될 수 있는데 임상적으로는 치관의 황색 계통의 변색과 방사선학적으로는 치수강을 포함한 근관의 부분적 혹은 전체적인 협착을 특징으로 한다. 이러한 석회화 변성이 발생할 경우, 치수 괴사로 이행되기도 하는데, 모두 치수 괴사로 이행되는 것은 아니며 따라서 근관 치료에 앞서 적절한 검사 및 관찰이 필요하다. 본 증례는 만 9세의 여아가 놀던 중 친구의 머리에 부딪혀 상악 중절치의 외상(subluxation)을 받고 내원한 경우로 지속적인 임상적, 방사선학적 검사를 시행한 결과 근관내 석회화 변성이 관찰되었다 검사 초기에는 임상적으로 경미한 치관의 변색만 보였을 뿐, 전기 치수 검사(EPT)에서는 특이한 소견은 보이지 않았다. 그 후 전기 치수 검사를 이용한 지속적인 검사 결과, 그 반응의 정도가 점차 감소되었으나, 근관 치료는 좀 더 유보하고 관찰하기로 하였다 외상 후 20개월 정도 지나서는 전기 치수검사를 이용한 검사에 거의 반응을 보이지 않았고, 근관의 완전 협착과 치관의 황색 계통의 변색이 관찰되었다. 이에 치수 괴사로 이행되는 것을 막고 치관의 변색술을 시행하기 위하여 근관 치료를 시행하고 그 결과를 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1195-1201
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• 2008

Enhancing with non-metallic elemental nitrogen(N) is one of several methods that have been proposed to modify the electronic properties of bulk titanium dioxide($TiO_2$), in order to make $TiO_2$ effective under visible-light irradiation. Accordingly, current study evaluated the feasibility of applying visible-light-induced $TiO_2$ enhanced with N element to cleanse aromatic compounds, focusing on xylene isomers at indoor air quality(IAQ) levels. The N-enhanced $TiO_2$ was prepared by applying two popular processes, and they were coated by applying two well-known methods. For three o-, m-, and p-xylene, the two coating methods exhibited different photocatalytic oxidation(PCO) efficiencies. Similarly, the two N-doping processes showed different PCO efficiencies. For all three stream flow rates(SFRs), the degradation efficiencies were similar between o-xylene and m,p-xylene. The degradation efficiencies of all target compounds increased as the SFR decreased. The degradation efficiencies determined via a PCO system with N-enhanced visible-light induced $TiO_2$ was somewhat lower than that with ultraviolet(UV)-light induced unmodified $TiO_2$, which was reported by previous studies. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that PCO efficiencies increased up to 94% for o-xylene and 97% for the m,p-xylene under lower SFR(0.5 L $min^{-1}$). Consequently, it is suggested that with appropriate SFR conditions, the visible-light-assisted photocatalytic systems could also become important tools for improving IAQ.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.759-770
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• 1985

This study was experimentally undertaken to evaluate the effect of hypothermic oxygenated cardioplegic solution on myocardial protection during prolonged aortic cross clamping under cardiopulmonary bypass. Dogs were divided into two groups control group [received hypothermic unoxygenated cardioplegic solution] and experimental group [received hypothermic oxygenated cardioplegic solution]. Coronary sinus effluent was obtained at once and 30, 60, 90 minutes after cross-clamping for the determination of pH, PCO2,PO2 and lactate level during the infusion of cardioplegic solution and myocardial biopsies were obtained after cessation of 90 minutes of aortic cross-clamping. The results obtained were as follows: 1. There was no significant differences in the pH and PCO2 between the oxygenated and unoxygenated cardioplegic solution but the PO2 of the oxygenated solution was 4 times greater than unoxygenated solution, and also the oxygenated solution had a significantly greater oxygen content [2.020.05 ml 02/min] and had much more oxygen delivery than unoxygenated solution. 2. The myocardial oxygen consumption and the myocardial oxygen extraction in oxygenated group were 1.63 ml 02/100 ml and 67.32% respectively, which was greater than those in unoxygenated group. 3. Regarding to pH and PCO2 of coronary sinus effluent, there was no significant differences between two groups in early period of infusion of cardioplegic solution, but the pH shifted to acidosis from 60 minutes, PCO2 increased from 90 minutes of aortic cross-clamping, and PO2 markedly decreased from 90 minutes of aortic cross-clamping in unoxygenated group. 4. The lactate concentration of coronary sinus effluent revealed relatively normal in both groups, but showed slight increase up to 27.54.56 mg/100 ml at 90 minutes of aortic cross-clamping in unoxygenated group. 5. On electron microscopic study, the ultrastructural integrity of myocardial cells in oxygenated group was well preserved within 90 minutes. Slight swelling and deformity of mitochondria, interfibrillar widening, and disarrangement of myofibrils were observed at 90 minutes after aortic cross-clamping in unoxygenated group. From these results, the use of hypothermic oxygenated cardioplegic solution seemed to be effective and better method for the preservation of ischemic myocardium during the prolonged aortic cross-clamping.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.37-50
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• 1972

폐포(肺胞) gas와 폐동맥(肺動脈)(혼합정맥혈액(混合靜脈血液))만의 비교실험군(比較實驗郡)에 있어서도 역시(亦是) 탄산(炭酸) gas 장력(張力) 때로는 산소(酸素)까지도 폐포기체(肺胞氣體)의 장력(張力)이 더욱 높았다 (positive ${\Delta}Pco_2$, 및 $Po_2$). ${\Delta}Pco_2$는 산(酸) 또는 bicarbonate 주입(注入)으로 야기 되는 혈장(血漿) pH변화(變化) 및 시간(時間)에 따른 변이성(變異性)이 없이 항상 양성(陽性)을 보였으나, 혈중탄산(血中炭酸) gas장력(張力)의 크기에 비례(比例)하였다. 또 ${\Delta}Pco_2$ 는 혈류량(血流量)의 대소(大少) 및 분포(分布)에 별(別)로 영향 받지 아니하고 혈액내(血液內)에서 탄산(炭酸) gas평형(平衡)의 미달(未達)로부터 오는 것도 아니었으나 탄산탈수효소(炭酸脫水酵素) (carbonic anhydrase) 작용(作用)을 억제(抑制)할 때 증가(增加)되었다. ${\Delta}Po_2$는 더욱 변이성(變異性)이 컸으며 특(特)히 낮은 혈류속도(血流速度)에 있어서는 때때로 negative 현상(現像)을 나타내기도 하였다. ${\Delta}Po_2$도 또한 시간(時間) 및 혈장(血漿) pH 변화(變化)와 무관(無關)하게 독립적(獨立的)인 것이었으나, 탄산(炭酸) gas 장력(張力)의 변화(變化)로 일어나는 결과(結果)와는 반비례(反比例)의 관계(關係)가 있었다. ${\Delta}Po_2$도 gas교환(交換)이 일어날 수 있는 상당한 크기의 압차(壓差)를 주어도 존재(存在)하였고, 탄산(炭酸) gas 반응(反應)의 억제(抑制)에 의(依)하여도 영향받지 아니 하였다.