• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.4
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• pp.554-560
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• 2023

To prevent illegal timber distribution, DNA markers have been used to identify the species and origin. However, extracting high-quality DNA from timber is difficult because of its physical and chemical properties. In this study, we investigated whether the age of timber tissue influences the yield of DNA extraction and the success rate of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to understand the relationship between the establishment time of the wood annual ring and the extracted DNA concentration (ng/μl), purity (A260/A280), and PCR success rate (%) from pinewood, a major Korean domestic species. According to the results, it was observed that as the distance from the cambium increased, indicating that the tissue was older, the concentration and purity of the extracted DNA decreased significantly. For the trnM-trnV (285 bp) and rpoC1 (298 bp) regions, the PCR success rate was 100%. However, for the rbcL (1.3 kb) region, the PCR success rate was 66.67%. Moreover, PCR amplification of the rbcL region failed at all points older than 30 years. Thus, it is deduced that as time passes, along with the decay of timber cells, DNA is degraded, leading to a decrease in DNA concentration, purity, and PCR success rate. The results of this study are expected to be beneficial for future applications, such as the species identification of timber, providing valuable insights and potential utilization in this field.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.1358-1363
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• 2009

Purpose:The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriages in children using a multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) assay kit. Methods:We obtained nasopharyngeal swabs from 33 children without any underlying disease from July 25 to July 28, 2008. The children were free from the signs of respiratory tract infections at the time of sampling. DNA was extracted from the swabs and subjected to multiplex RT-PCR using a primer set for the detection of pneumococci ($Seeplex^{(R)}$ PneumoBacter ACE Detection Seegene, Seoul, Korea). The amplified PCR products were separated on 2% agarose gels and stained with either ethidium bromide or screen tape system (Lab901 Scotland, UK). Results:A total of 33 children (male, 15 female, 18) aged between 3.2 and 16.3 (median, 8.2) years were included in this study. The mRT-PCR detected colonized bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Bordetella pertussis) in 30 children (90.9%). Of these, 13 children (39.4%) showed more than 2 bacteria: 12 children were positive for 2 bacteria (S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae) and 1 child was positive for 3 bacteria (S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and C. pneumoniae). Conclusion:mRT-PCR was found to be a sensitive tool for the detection of asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriages. Clinical significances of the bacteria detected by mRT-PCR will have to be evaluated in the future.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.197-202
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• 2007

구리는 환경에 광범위하게 존재하며, 생물체에게 필수적인 무기질이지만 고농도로 존재할 경우 독성을 발휘한다. 본 연구는 프로티옴 기술을 응용하여 수서태계에 구리와 같은 중금속의 존재 여부를 신속하게 평가하기 위한 생물지표를 발굴하기 위하여 수행되었다. 즉, 송사리(Oryzias latipes)를 이용하여 여러 농도의 구리용액(0.1, 1, 5 mg/L)에 24시간 노출시킨 다음, 머리부분에서 선택적으로 발현이 증가되는 단백질을 동정하고자 시도하였다. 본 시스템에서 유의적으로 발현이 증가하는 것으로 나타난 단백질은 beta-tubulin, heat shock cognate 70 (hsc70)이었으며, 이 결과의 일부를 semi-quantitative RT-PCR를 이용하여 확인하였다. 이와 같이 구리 처리에 특이적으로 발현이 증가된 송사리 단백질들은 노출평가를 위한 생물지표로서 개발을 위하여 더 연구할 가치가 있는 것으로 평가된다.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2007

Non-hemolytic Streptococcus parauberis isolated from diseased olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus in the South coast of Korea were identified by physiological, biochemical and genetic analysis in order to define the different characteristics geographically. First, twelve strains of S. parauberis were isolated from catalase-negative gram-positive cocci by multiplex PCR assay. Phenotypic identifications were performed with commercially available kit (API 20 Strep and API ZYM system). Analysis of API profiles of the isolates showed that strains were identified as either of Lactococcus lactis, S. constellatus or S. uberis. Moreover, S. parauberis isolated from olive flounder differed from that of turbot (X89967) to the test of not Voges-Proskauer, arginine, hippurate, alkiline phosphatase and pyrroidonyl arylamidase but β-glucuronidase. All S. parauberis isolates were sensitive to florfenicol, ampicillin, ofloxacin and vancomycin but were resistant to oxolinic acid, flumequine, nalidixic acid and sulfisoxazol. However, the 16S rDNA sequences of the isolates showed 99% similarity to S. parauberis KCTC 3651 (AY584477) and a great homogenecity among the flounder isolates.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.575-584
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• 2015

Drought stress is a crucial environmental factor determining crop survival and productivity. The goal of this study was to clearly identify a new drought stress-tolerance gene in Brassica rapa. From KBGP-24K microarray data with the B. rapa ssp. pekinensis inbred line 'Chiifu' under drought stress treatment, a gene which was named BrDSR (B. rapa Drought Stress Resistance) was chosen among 738 drought-responsive unigenes. BrDSR function has yet to be determined, but its expression was induced over 6-fold by drought. To characterize BrDSR, the gene was isolated from B. rapa inbred line 'CT001' and found to contain a 438-bp open reading frame encoding a 145 amino acid protein. The full-length cDNA of BrDSR was used to construct an over-expression vector, 'pSL100'. Tobacco transformation was then conducted to analyze whether the BrDSR gene can increase drought tolerance in plants. The BrDSR expression level in T1 transgenic tobacco plants selected via PCR and DNA blot analyses was up to 2.6-fold higher than non-transgenic tobacco. Analysis of phenotype clearly showed that BrDSR-expressing tobacco plants exhibited more tolerance than wild type under 10 d drought stress. Taking all of these findings together, we expect that BrDSR functions effectively in plant growth and survival of drought stress conditions.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.100-106
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• 2020

Eight morel mushroom species were collected from Korea and other countries. The culture characteristics, genetic relationships, and beta-glucan content of the strains were analyzed. The mycelia of Morchella species exhibited optimal growth when cultured in dark at 25 ℃ in media with pH 7. The mycelia had a distinctive mycelial scent and characteristically changed color, being white initially, and then turning dark yellow to dark brown as it grew. The mycelia were classified into five types based on morphology. The isolates were identified as Morchella conica, two M. sextelata, M. importuna, M. esculenta, and three M. crassipes, based on ITS-rDNA sequences. PCR polymorphisms were variably produced within Morchella spp. using Universal Fungal Fingerprinting Primers (UFPF) and classified into four groups at the intra and inter species level. The strains, KMCC04971 and KMCC04407, showed the same banding pattern as M. conica and M. sextelata, respectively; however, these results were different from those of ITS analysis. Glucan content analysis by strain showed that the KMCC 04973 strain of M. importuna had the highest alpha- and beta-glucan content, at 16.4 g and 33.1 g per 100 g, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2016

Pseudomonas rhodesiae KK1 has been reported to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as anthracene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene, which are considered major environmental contaminants. Interestingly, antioxidant genes, including superoxide dismutase, are known to be expressed at different levels in response to environmental contaminants. This study was performed to identify the superoxide dismutase gene in strain KK1, which may be indirectly involved with degradation of PAHs, as well as to investigate the expression pattern of the superoxide dismutase gene in cells grown on different PAHs. Two types of superoxide dismutase genes responsible for the antioxidant defense mechanism, Mn-superoxide dismutase (sodA) and Fe-superoxide dismutase (sodB), were identified in P. rhodesiae KK1. The sodA gene in strain KK1 shared 95% similarity, based on 141 amino acids, with the Mn-sod of P. fluorescens Pf-5. The sodB strain, based on 135 amino acids, shared 99% similarity with the Fe-sod of P. fluorescens Pf-5. Southern hybridization using the sod gene fragment as a probe showed that at least two copies of superoxide dismutase genes exist in strain KK1. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the sodA and sodB genes were more strongly expressed in response to naphthalene and phenanthrene than to anthracene. Interestingly, sodA and sodB activities were revealed to be maintained in cells grown on all of the tested substrates, including glucose.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.204-210
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• 2015

Makgeolli is made from rice or flour, yeast, and nuruk, a fermentation starter. The flavor of makgeolli is affected by sugars, amino acids, organic acids and volatile flavor compounds produced by various microorganisms. In this study, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from unsterilized makgeolli samples collected from several provinces in Korea, and then later identified. Under anaerobic conditions, LAB density ranged from $5.0{\times}10^6$ to $1.5{\times}10^8CFU/mL$; yeast density ranged from $2.5{\times}10^7$ to $1.5{\times}10^8CFU/mL$. Of the LAB isolated from makgeolli, 1,126 were analyzed using restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA, which allowed for classification into five groups. Of the 1,126 LABs tested, 130 produced ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1729-1733
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• 2007

Brassinolide insensitive associated receptor kinase 1(BAK1) is a critical component that play an important roles in signaling of brassinosteroid biosynthesis. Brassinosteroid-deficient and -insensitive mutants showed the characteristic of dwarf symptom. The nutrient deficient tomato showing stunt phenomenon was selected from soiless cultivation system using modified Sonneveld hydroponic solution. Twenty eight protein spots showing different expression levels compared to the control were isolated from extracts of stunted tomato leaves by 2D PAGE analyses. Significantly down-regulated 6 protein spots out of 28 protein spots were analyzed and sequenced by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The protein spot having pI=4.5 and MW=24 kDa was identified as a signal protein, BAK1, which is directly related to brassinosteroid biosynthesis. In addition, five other protein spots were identified as BCK1, cystein proteinase, sulfutase, peroxidase and zinc finger factor respectively, and they were also signal proteins related to brassinosteroid biosynthesis. Furthermore, amplification of 500bp of BAK1 mRNA by RT-PCR using a primer set of peptide matched regions was inhibited conpared to that of the wild type. The results sugested that the BAK1 might be regulated at the transcription level in response to nutrition applications.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.252-254
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• 2005

박물관 수장고와 전시실 내의 유기물 문화재는 실내공기에 부유하고 있는 먼지와 곰팡이로 인해 생물적 피해를 받는다. 미생물로 인한 피해를 줄이기 위하여 박물관에서는 환경 조절법을 시행하거나 수장고와 전시실 내에 보존약제를 놓거나 또는 훈증 처리를 통한 방균 방제처리를 시행하고 있다. 미생물의 발생은 문화재 표면의 착색, 재질 분해, 변질 등을 야기한다. 본 연구는 위에 제시된 방법 외에 공기청정기를 이용하여 실내 부유 미생물 수를 줄여 유기물 문화재의 피해를 줄일 수 있는지를 알아보았다. 국립문화재연구소 내 생물과학실의 실험실 한 곳을 임의로 지정하여 공기청정기를 설치하기 전 곰팡이의 수를 측정하고, 공기청정기를 설치한 후의 곰팡이 변화를 4일 간격으로 측정하였다. 또한, 공기 중의 ???r성분 분석을 위하여 가스크로마토그래피(Gas Chromatography)를 이용하였다. 측정결과 곰팡이의 수는 대체적으로 감소하였으며, 채취한 곰팡이를 배양하여 동정을 실시하였다. 곰팡이 동정은 현미경을 통한 형태학적 분류와 ITS(Internal Transcribed Sequence)를 이용한 rDNA(Ribosomal DNA) PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction)분석 두 가지 방법을 이용하여 동정하였다.