• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary pine cone meal on growth performance, serum cholesterol, carcass quality and fatty acid composition and cholesterol content of meat in broiler chickens. Three treatments were assigned to 480(2 days) Arbor Acre broiler chicks with eight replications, allocating 20 broiler chicks in each replication. Dietary treatments included 1) CS(1% cottonwood sawdust), 2) PCM0.5(0.5% cottonwood sawdust + 0.5% pine cone meal) and 3) PCM1.0(1% pine cone meal). During the overall period the difference of growth performance was not significant among treatments (P>0.05). Also, cholesterol profile(total, HDL, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride) in serum and carcass characteristic were not affected by treatments(P>0.05). TBARS of leg and breast meat was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in PCM1.0 treatment compared to CS treatment. In fatty acid contents of leg meat, C20:0 was significantly higher in PCM0.5 treatment than PCM1.0 treatment(P<0.05). Also, C18:3n3 was significantly lower in PCM1.0 treatment than other treatments(P<0.05). Cholesterol contents of leg, breast meat and abdomen fat were not significant among treatment(P>0.05). In conclusion, results of the experiment were affected by dietary supplementation of pine cone meal on TBARS of leg and breast meat.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2016

Objectives : The present study was conducted to evaluate protective effects of Combined Extract of young persimmon fruit and citrus peel (PCM) in Reflux Esophagitis(RE) rats.Methods : Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided four groups and each group had six rats ; Normal group, RE control group, RE group treated PCM 50 ,100 mg/kg body weight group. Reflux esophagitis was induced that tied the pylorus and fundus in SD rats stomach. PCM was administered at 50, 100 mg/kg body weight 2 hrs prior to induction of RE. After 6 hrs, the effects of PCM treated rats were compared with those of normal and control rats. We have performed an analysis such as pH of stomach secretion, oxidative stress biomarkers in serum, and western blot.Results : The increased esophageal mucosa damage by RE was markedly improved by PCM treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Also, the administration of PCM decreased the elevated serum reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxynitrite (ONOO^-) in serum. The protein expressions of anti oxidant such as SOD, catalase, GPx exhibited down-regulation by PCM treatment in tissues. And, PCM effectively reduce inflammatory cytokines such as inflammation-related proteins cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in RE rats. In addition, NFκB and p-IκBɑ were decreased in PCM-adiministrated RE rats. But there was no difference on stomach secretion pH between reflux esophagitis rats and PCM administration rat group.Conclusions : In conclusion, administration of PCM (50, 100 mg/kg body weight) made esophagus have less inflammation and injury by decreased NFκB path way. These findings suggest that PCM could have Improving effects on reflux esophagitis.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.457-467
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• 2016

This study aimed to develop functional underwear for elderly women in their sixties in terms of good fit, wear comfort and body temperature regulation. To satisfy elderly women's physical and metabolical needs, an automatic temperature control system via PCM treatment was applied. Underwear pattern was produced by producing body surface replica, which was derived from 3D body parametric model. Differential ratios of outline length and area between 3D surface and 2D plane were 1.4% and 0.5%, respectively. The reduction rate was determined as 10% through the expert's evaluation. PCM treated fabric showed higher Q-max, meaning that it can facilitate the thermal transition in hot situation. Moreover, it also showed higher insulation to preserve heat and keep warm microclimate in a cold weather. Heat distribution measurements on various body parts revealed that the temperature after PCM treatment was significantly higher. The clothing pressure after 10% pattern reduction showed higher before reduction, at the same time, even lower than the comfort clothing pressure range of $5{\sim}10gf/cm^2$, implying that experimental garment of this research is acceptable in terms of clothing pressure. Evaluation results on the comfort to move in various motions proved that adequate clothing pressure improved the wear comfort in various motions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2012.03a
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• pp.59-59
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• 2012

의류용 섬유제품은 고유의 기능인 보온성을 비롯하여, 태나 착용감, 또는 패션에 부응하는 다양한 성능이 요구되고 있다. 섬유 직물의 보온기능은 경량 보온과 축열 보온 그리고 발열 등이 중요한 기능으로 인식되고 있으며 특히 적극적인 보온성이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 그 개선책으로서 패션소재표면에 상전이물질을 코팅하여 보온성을 조사했다. 상전 이물질 (PCM,Phase change materials) 입자를 DSC분석기로 측정하여 열거동을 관찰하였고, 실크직물과 실크혼방 직물에 PCM과 키토산을 농도별로 처리하여 보온성 테스트와 SEM을 측정하였다. 실크직물과 실크혼방 직물에 PCM과 키토산 처리하여 직물의 보온성을 측정해 본 결과, 실크직물 9.1% 실크혼방 직물은 29.9%로 실크혼방 직물이 실크직물보다 우수한 보온성을 보였다. SEM 관찰에서도 실크직물과 실크혼방 직물의 표면에 PCM입자의 침투정도도 확연한 차이를 보였다. 이를 미루어 볼 때 실크직물보다 실크혼방 직물에 PCM과 키토산을 처리하였을 경우 우수한 보온성을 보인다고 생각된다.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.471-478
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• 2016

For the distribution of fresh produce, the thermoelectric cooling system combined with thermo electric materials (TEM) and phase change material (PCM) was studied. The PCM used this study was produced by in-situ polymerization technology which referred microencapsulation of hydrocarbon (n-tetradecane and n-hexadecane). In this study, quality characteristics of bell peppers in thermoelectric cooling system combined with TEM and PCM were analyzed and control was placed in an EPS (expanded polystyrene) box. As a result of quality characteristics analysis, weight of bell peppers decreased and moisture content of bell peppers was 90.96~94.43% during storage. Vitamin C content of bell pepper decreased during storage and reduction ratio of control was higher than that of BPT-5 treatment(bell pepper in thermoelectric cooling system with PCM which is kept the temperature at $5^{\circ}C$). The result of color value, on 21 day, ${\Delta}E$ value of BPT-5 treatment was 5.05 while that of control was 41.8. On 21 day, total bacteria count of BPT-5 treated bell pepper shown less than that of control. In conclusion, it suggested that the thermoelectric cooling system combined with PCM improved quality of fresh produce during transportation and storage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.249-257
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• 2004

Drying and curing characteristics of PCM resins using the induction heater and short-wave infrared emitter module was studied to develop a compact oven system for the high speed CCL and post-treatment equipment. Drying of the polyester resins using the induction heater and infrared heater showed that the blistering tendency of polyester resin coating increased regardless of additives and colors of resins as the heating rate and/or dry film thickness increased. The blistering of polyester resin coating layer occurred when the heating speed was over than $25^{\circ}C/sec$ for the dry film thickness of $19\~20um$, which is the typical thickness of finish coating in CCL. So did it when the heating speed was over than $40^{\circ}C/sec$ for the dry film thickness over than 10 um. The heating efficiency of paint coated steels by the infrared heating was strongly dependent on the colors of paint coating and generally increased for the dark surface and/or coating. But the faster drying of the PCM resin coatings increased the blistering tendency of coating layer. The blistering limit for the typical finish coating by the infrared heating was estimated as the heating rate slower than $20^{\circ}C/sec$ regardless of colors of PCM resins.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.326-332
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• 2014

To develop cool touch feeling fabrics for summer clothing material, it was manufactured several compositions of woven fabrics, having rayon multi-filament yarn (non-twisted) as warp and various kinds of yarn, such as viscose rayon multi-filament yarn (twisted), tencel$^{(R)}$ spun yarn, PET high absorbance quick dry filament yarn, and PET based rayon-like yarn, as weft. After preparing the fabrics, basic properties of the fabrics were investigated, such as air-permeability, tensile strength, absorption rate, drying rate, etc. Also, surface warm / cool sensations of the woven fabrics were assessed by Qmax Warm / Cool Touch Tester. It was observed that the fabrics composed of viscose rayon multi-filament yarn (warp) and PET high absorbance quick dry filament yarn (weft) showed excellent surface cool touch sensation-the highest Qmax value. This is because the fabric having flat shaped PET high absorbance quick dry filament shows the largest contact area with Qmax measuring plate. And, the fabric also showed superior high absorbance and quick dry property as expected. In addition, we treated phase change material (PCM) on the surface of the fabric composed of viscose rayon multi-filament yarn (warp) and PET high absorbance quick dry filament yarn(weft) to improve the cool touch feeling. However, the surface cool touch feeling was impaired by resin treated with PCM during the finishing process.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.655-664
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• 2022

Background/Aims: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for residual or recurrent colorectal lesions after incomplete resection is challenging because of severe fibrosis. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of the pocket-creation method (PCM) with a traction device (TD) with that of conventional ESD for residual or recurrent colorectal lesions. Methods: We retrospectively studied 72 patients with residual or recurrent colorectal lesions resected using ESD. Overall, 31 and 41 lesions were resected using PCM with TD and conventional ESD methods, respectively. We compared patient background and treatment outcomes between the PCM with TD and conventional ESD groups, respectively. The primary endpoints were en bloc resection and R0 resection rates. The secondary endpoints were the dissection speed and incidence of adverse events. Results: En bloc resection was feasible in all cases with PCM with TD, but failed in 22% of cases of conventional ESD. The R0 resection rates for PCM with TD and conventional ESD were 97% and 66%, respectively. Dissection was significantly faster in the PCM with TD group (13.0 vs. 7.9 mm²/min). Perforation and postoperative bleeding were observed in one patient in each group. Conclusions: PCM with TD is an effective method for treating residual or recurrent colorectal lesions after incomplete resection.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.253-271
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• 2016

This study investigated the effect of generative concept maps according to learning achievements and cognitive load. A total of 78 students in the first grade of middle school participated in this study. Before the experimental treatment was implemented, students had to fill out a questionnaire assessing prior knowledge. The study was designed where all the students were presented the same learning contents regarding photosynthesis; however, the two experimental groups were provided with different concept map methods: a learner-generative concept map (GCM) and an instructor-provided concept map (PCM). GCM students were asked to make a concept map by themselves in small groups while they are reading material. PCM students were instructed to study in small groups in order to read the material; however, they were provided a concept map developed by their teacher. The control group (CG) had the teacher present the learning contents in traditional lecture format with no accompanying concept map. The results show that there were significant differences in the achievements among the groups. CG showed higher achievement than both the experimental groups. There was also a significant difference in cognitive load. Although the GCM group did not obtain higher achievement than the other groups, the GCM group showed higher mental effort and lower physical fatigue than the other groups. The GCM group might have invested more effort to find and connect ideas when drawing their concept map with peers which is unlike the conditions for the PCM group and CG. In conclusion, we should consider applying GCM in teaching and learning design in order to increase learning achievement and decrease extraneous cognitive load.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.515-525
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• 2023

The most common heart valve disorder is calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS), which is characterized by a narrowing of the aortic valve. Treatment with the drug molecule, in addition to surgical and transcatheter valve replacement, is the primary focus of researchers in this field. The purpose of this study is to determine whether niclosamide can reduce calcification in aortic valve interstitial cells (VICs). To induce calcification, cells were treated with a pro-calcifying medium (PCM). Different concentrations of niclosamide were added to the PCM-treated cells, and the level of calcification, mRNA, and protein expression of calcification markers was measured. Niclosamide inhibited aortic valve calcification as observed from reduced alizarin red s staining in niclosamide treated VICs and also decreased the mRNA and protein expressions of calcification-specific markers: runt-related transcription factor 2 and osteopontin. Niclosamide also reduced the formation of reactive oxygen species, NADPH oxidase activity and the expression of Nox2 and p22^phox. Furthermore, in calcified VICs, niclosamide inhibited the expression of β-catenin and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3β), as well as the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK. Taken together, our findings suggest that niclosamide may alleviate PCM-induced calcification, at least in part, by targeting oxidative stress mediated GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway via inhibiting activation of AKT and ERK, and may be a potential treatment for CAVS.