• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.397-413
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• 2017

Precast concrete (PC) members are currently being employed for general construction or partial replacement to reduce construction period. As assembly work in PC construction requires connecting PC members accurately, measuring the 6-DOF (degree of freedom) relative displacement is essential. Multiple planar markers and camera-based displacement measurement systems can monitor the 6-DOF relative displacement of PC members. Conventional methods, such as direct linear transformation (DLT) for homography estimation, which are applied to calculate the 6-DOF relative displacement between the camera and marker, have several major problems. One of the problems is that when the marker is partially hidden, the DLT method cannot be applied to calculate the 6-DOF relative displacement. In addition, when the images of markers are blurred, error increases with the DLT method which is employed for its estimation. To solve these problems, a hybrid method, which combines the advantages of the DLT and MCL (Monte Carlo localization) methods, is proposed. The method evaluates the 6-DOF relative displacement more accurately compared to when either the DLT or MCL is used alone. Each subsystem captures an image of a marker and extracts its subpixel coordinates, and then the data are transferred to a main system via a wireless communication network. In the main system, the data from each subsystem are used for 3D visualization. Thereafter, the real-time movements of the PC members are displayed on a tablet PC. To prove the feasibility, the hybrid method is compared with the DLT method and MCL in real experiments.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.179-197
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• 2008

Objectives and Methods : The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of acupuncture and electro-acupuncture (EA) at PC6 on intestinal motility in rats. We made over-activated state of intestinal motility with carbachol and suppressed state of intestinal motility with loperamide in rat, and carried out acupuncture with needle retained (NR), low frequency (2 Hz) EA and high frequency (100 Hz) EA at PC6 before or after the administration of carbachol or loperamide. The charcoal travel rate was measured to evaluate the intestinal motility. Results : 1. NR showed no significant influences on intestinal motility of rat in normal state. While, 2 Hz EA and 100 Hz EA at PC6 significantly increased the intestinal motility of rat in normal state. 2. All of the pre-treatment and post-treatment of NR, 2 Hz EA and 100 Hz EA at PC6 showed no significant effects on intestinal motility of rat which was over-activated with carbachol. 3. Both pre-treatment and post-treatment of NR significantly increased intestinal motility in rat which was suppressed with loperamide. 4. Pre-treatment of 2 Hz EA and post-treatment of 100 Hz EA significantly increased intestinal motility in rat which was suppressed with loperamide. Conclusions : These results suggest that acupuncture (NR) and EA on PC6 have preventive and therapeutic effect on suppressed intestinal motility, and NR may be more effective than EA in that condition.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.643-654
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• 2021

Phytophthora capsici is one of the most destructive hemibiotrophic pathogens; it can cause blight in chili peppers, and secrete various effector proteins to infect the plants. These effectors contain an N-terminal conserved RXLR motif. Here, we generated full-length RXLR effector coding genes using primer pairs, and cloned them into the pGR106 vector for in planta expression. Two of these genes, PcREK6 and PcREK41 (P. capsici RXLR effector from the Korea isolate), were further characterized. PcREK6 and PcREK41 genes showed that they encode effector proteins with a general modular structure, including the N-terminal conserved RXLR-DEER motif and signal peptide sequences. PcREK6 and PcREK41 expressions were strongly induced when the chili pepper plants (Capsicum annuum) were challenged with P. capsici. These results provide molecular evidence to elucidate the virulence or avirulence factors in chili pepper. Our results also showed that two effectors induce hypersensitive response (HR) cell death when expressed in chili leaves. Cell death suppression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana revealed that most effectors could not suppress programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by Bcl-associated X (BAX) or Phytophthora infestans elicitin (INF1). However, PcREK6 fully suppressed PCD triggered by BAX, while PcREK41 partially suppressed PCD triggered by INF1 elicitin. These results suggest that PcREK effectors from P. capsici interact with putative resistance (R) proteins in planta, and different effectors may target different pathways in a plant cell to suppress pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) or effector-triggered immunity (ETI).

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2005

The present study assessed the effect of calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and W-7 against the cytotoxicity of $MPP^+$ and 6-bydroxydoparnine (6-OHDA) in relation to the mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in PC12 cells. Trifluoperazine (an inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition and calmodulin antagonist) and W-7 (a specific calmodulin antagonist) significantly attenuated the $MPP^+-induced$ cell viability loss in PC12 cells with a maximum inhibition at $0.5{\sim}1{\mu}M$; beyond these concentrations the inhibitory effect declined. Both compounds at this concentration range did not cause cell death significantly. In contrast to $MPP^+$, the trifluoperazine and W-7 did not depress the cytotoxic effect of 6-OHDA. Addition of trifluoperazine and W-7 inhibited the cytosolic accumulation of cytochrome c and caspase-3 activation in PC12 cells treated with $MPP^+$ and attenuated the formation of reactive oxygen species and the depletion of GSH, whereas both compounds did not reduce the effect of 6-OHDA. The results show that trifluoperazine and W-7 may attenuate the cytotoxicity of $MPP^+$ by inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition and calmodulin. Meanwhile, the cytotoxic effect of 6-OHDA seems to be mediated by the actions, which are different from $MPP^+$.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.241-246
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• 2019

4차 산업혁명의 기술 중 3D 프린팅 기술의 소재에 따른 선량평가를 통해 볼루스 적용 가능성을 평가하였다. 선량의 평가는 몬테카를로 방식의 MCNPX프로그램을 이용하였으며, 3D 프린트 물성은 ABS, PC, PLA 세 가지로 하였다. 그리하여 볼루스 10 mm와 동일한 효과를 보이는 두께를 산정한 결과 6 MeV 전자선의 경우 ABS 10 mm, PC 9 mm, PLA 9 mm로 나타났다. 6 MV X-선의 경우 ABS 11 mm, PC 10 mm, PLA 9 mm로 나타났다. 본 실험을 통해 3D 프린터 소재로 제작하는 조직등가물질이 볼루스를 대체할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.601-615
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• 1993

PC/PA6 블랜드를 세 가지 서로 다른 방법으로 블랜드한 후 이들의 상용성에 관하여 조사하였다. DSC에 의한 열적 성질 측정결과, Tg는 전 조성에 있어 각각의 온도부근에서 나타나며, 융점과 결정화온도는 큰 변화가 없었다. SEM관찰 역시 PC, PA6 블랜드는 각각 5%의 아주 낮은 조성에서부터 상분리가 확인되었다. 또한 실험적으로 측정된 Tg값을 Flory- Huggins식에 도입하여 polymer-polymer interaction parameter(${\chi}_{12}$)값을 계산한 결과, solution casting, solution precipitation, 압출블랜드의 경우 0.0381, 0.0411, 0.0418로 각각 계산되었으며, ${\chi}_{12}$의 임계값 $({\chi}_{12})_c$가 0.0271로 계산됨에 따라 결국 PC/PA6 블랜드는 전 조성에 걸쳐 상용성이 부족하였다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2003

뇌신경세포주(PC12)에 백강잠의 분획물(조추출물)을 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 농도로 처리한 결과 헥산분획층과 부탄올분획층에서 뇌신경세포성장을 촉진하는 활성을 나타내어 헥산분획물로부터 화합물 4종(Fig.2: compound 1-4)과 부탄올분획물로부터 화합물 5종(Fig.2: compound 5-9)을 분리하여 각각의 화합물에 대하여도 검색한 결과 모두 뇌신경세포주(PC12)에 뇌신경세포 성장 촉진효과를 나타냈으며 특히 이들중 3종(4E, 6E, 2S, 3R)-2-N-Eicosanoy1-4,6-tetrade-casphingadienine,(4E, 6E, 2S, 3R)-2-N-Docosanoyl-4,6-tetradecasphingadienine, Urea)이 화합물은 NGF보다 우수한 활성을 나타냈다. 또한 헥산분획물로부터 분리한 4종의 스핑고신 유도체는 천연에서 처음 보고되는 물질이다. 이러한 결과로부터 백강잠 유래의 유효성분을 함유하는 추출물은 뇌졸중, 뇌허혈, 파킨슨, 노인성치매 및 헌팅턴질환을 포함하는 뇌질환 예방 및 치료를 위한 약학적 제제로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.1085-1088
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• 2011

This study aims to investigate the effect of acupuncture on PC6 for preventing opioid-induced nausea and vomiting under circumstance whether the participants are conscious or non-conscious. 143 patients receiving intravenous patient controlled analgesia(PCA) with fentanyl were assigned to three groups. Two groups were given acupuncture on PC6 before anesthesia(PreAN) or after anesthesia(PoAN) respectively. One group was control group without acupuncture treatment(NC). Assessment of nausea and vomiting was obtained from all patients for 48hours after surgery. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in the PreAN group and PoAN group than in the NC group. The severity of nausea was the lowest in PreAN group, second to in PoAN group, and the highest in NC group. This results show that acupuncture on PC6 even without patients' consciousness has effect on preventing PONV.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.184-187
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• 2013

MgO 기반 스핀소자에 유기장벽 Cu-Phthalocyanine(CuPc)가 삽입된 무기${\backslash}$유기 터널 접합 소자 Fe${\backslash}$MgO(001)${\backslash}$CuPc${\backslash}$Co의 자기 저항 현상과 그 계면 특성의 상관관계에 대한 연구가 진행되었다. 특히 1.6 nm MgO(001)${\backslash}$x nm CuPc(x = 0~5) 계면의 전자기적 특성을 스핀 편극된 준안정상태 He 원자 분광계(Metastable Helium De-excitation Spectroscopy, MDS)를 이용하여 규명하였다. 에피 성장된 MgO(001) 위에 적층된 약 1.6 nm 두께의 CuPc 층상구조의 표면에서, MgO(001) 하지층의 표면과는 달리, up-spin band와 down-spin band의 비대칭성이 현저해지는 것으로 관찰되었다. 이 결과는 실온과 저온(77 K)에서 ~10 %와 30 %로 각각 측정된 자기저항 현상과 복합장벽을 통과하는 스핀거동을 이해하는데 중요한 단초를 제공해 준다.

• 폴리머
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.818-825
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• 2001

폴리카보네이트 (PC)와 몬모릴로나이트 (montmorillonite, MMT)의 나노복합체를 용액 및 용융 혼합 방법으로 층간삽입시켜 제조하여 X-ray 실험으로 MMT의 층간간격 변화를 조사하였다. MMT로는 $Na^+$를 양이온으로 갖는 순수 MMT (MMT-Na)와 도데실암모늄 (MMT-DA) 및 dimethyl hydrogenated tallow 2-ethylhexyl ammonium으로 개질된 MMT (MMT-25A)를 사용하였다. PC/MMT-25A와 PC/MMT-DA가 PC/MMT-Na보다 층간거리의 증가폭이 컸으며, 혼합방법에 따라 최대 $37AA$까지 층간간격이 증가하였다. 또 PC의 분자량이 작을수록, 혼합시간이 증가할수록 삽입이 잘 일어났다. 열중량분석법 (TGA)으로 측정한 열안정성은 PC/MMT-25A가 PC/MMT-Na와 순수한 PC보다 우수함을 나타내었다.