• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.369-374
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• 2014

The physiological characteristics of kiwi (Actinidia delicosa) fruit were analyzed, which inclued its nutritional composition, in vitro-antioxidant activities, and neuronal cell protective effects. The most abundant components of mineral, amino acid, and fatty acid were found to be potassium (K), glutamic acid, and a-linolenic acid, respectively. The major free sugars were fructose, glucose, and sucrose. In addition, ${\beta}$-carotene and vitamin C contents were $1.35{\mu}g/100mL$ and 29.21 mg/100 g, respectively. The 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenothiazline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical-scavenging activity of the n-hexane fraction obtained from the kiwi extract was 10.52% at a concentration of $1000{\mu}g/mL$. The malondialdehyde (MDA) inhibition of the n-hexane fraction was found to increased in a dose-dependent manner. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation after hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) treatment of PC12 cells was significantly reduced in the presence of the n-hexane fraction compared to PC12 cells treated with $H_2O_2$ only. Moreover, in the a MTT assay, the n-hexane fraction showed in vitro-protective effects against $H_2O_2$-induced neurotoxicity.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.893-901
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• 2001

We developed the nerve growth factor (NGF) loaded poly (L - lactide) (PLA) scaffolds by means of emulsion freeze drying method to the possibility for the application of the nerve regeneration of spinal cord disease and the degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. The release amount of NGF from NGF loaded PLA scaffold were analyzed over a 4 week period in vitro at phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, at $37^{\circ}C$. It can be observed the open cell pore structure of porous scaffolds and can be easily controlled the pore structure by the controlling of formulation factors resulting in the controlling of the release rate and the release period. The stability of NGF during the preparation of PLA scaffold was evaluated by comparing the released amounts of total NGF, assayed NGF enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Released NGF has been found to enhance the neurite sprouting and outgrowth from pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells. These results suggest that the released NGF from NGF loaded PLA scaffold such as conduit type can be very useful for the nerve regeneration in the neural tissue engineering area.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.315-320
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• 2008

Nowadays, a lot of related data obtained from these research could be given a new present meaning to accomplish the original purpose of the whole research as a human genome project. In such a thread, construction of gene expression analysis system and a basis rank analysis system is being watched newly. Recently, being identified fact that particular sub-class of tumor be related with particular chromosome, microarray started to be used in diagnosis field by doing cancer classification and predication based on gene expression information. In this thesis, we used cDNA microarrays of 3840 genes obtained from neuronal differentiation experiment of cortical stem cells on white mouse with cancer, created system that can extract informative gene list through normalization separately and proposed combination method for selecting more significant genes. And possibility of proposed system and method is verified through experiment. That result is that PC-ED combination represent 98.74% accurate and 0.04% MSE, which show that it improve classification performance than case to experiment after generating gene list using single similarity scale.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.366-373
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• 2006

Background: Paraquat is extremely toxic chemical material, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing multiple organ failure. In particular, paraquat leads to irreversible progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Exaggerated cell deaths exceeding the normal repair of type II pneumocytes leads to mesenchymal cells proliferation and fibrosis. This study examined the followings; i) whether or not paraquat induces cell death in lung epithelial cells; ii) whether or not paraquat-induced cell deaths are apoptosis or necrosis; and iii) the effects of N-acetylcysteine, dexamethasone, and bcl-2 on paraquat-induced cell deaths. Methods: A549 and BEAS-2B lung epithelial cell lines were used. The cell viability and apoptosis were evalluated using a MTT assay, Annexin V staining was monitored by fluorescence microscopy, The level of bcl-2 inhibition was examined by establishing stable A549 pcDNA3-bcl-2 cell lines throung the transfection of pcDNA3-bcl-2 with the mock. Results: Paraquat decreased the cell viability in A549 and BEAS-2B cells in a dose and time dependent manner. The Annexin V assay showed that apoptosis was the type of paraquat-induced cell death. Paraquat-induced cell deaths was significantly inhibited by N-acetylcysteine, dexamethasone, and bcl-2 overexpression. The cell viability of A549 cells treated with N-acetylcysteine, and dexamethasone on the paraquat-induced cell deaths were increased significantly by 10 ~ 20%, particularly at high doses. In addition, the cell viability of A549 pcDNA3-bcl-2 cells overexpressing bcl-2 was significantly higher than the untransfected A549 cells. Conclusion: Paraquat induces apoptotic cell deaths in lung epithelial cells in a dose and time dependent manner. The paraquat-induced apoptosis of lung epithelial cells might occur through the mitochondrial pathway.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 1992

Artemisia annua contains the antimalarial principle, artemisinin. The possibility of the production of this compound through tissue culture technique was studied. The optimum combinations of hormones for the induction of callus were p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid(pcPA) and 6-benzylaminopurine(BAP) or pcPA and N-isopentenylaminopurine(2iP) in 0.05 mg/l each. For the growth of callus, the same combination of pcPA and BAP was optimum in concentrations of $1.0\;{\mu}M\;and\;0.5\;{\mu}M$, respectively, and the optimal concentration of sucrose was also found to be 2%(w/v). Tissue culture from the crown gall grew faster than normal callus. In the suspension culture broth and the cells of normal callus or Agrobacterium-transformed tumors, arteannuic acid and 11,12-dihydroarteannuic acid were found together with common phytosterols, whereas artemisinin was not found.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.78-85
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• 2021

Previously, we showed that oral administration of probiotics, Lactobacillus acidophilus NS1 (LNS1), improved insulin sensitivity in high-fat-diet-fed mice (HFD mice). Furthermore, LNS1-conditioned media (LNS1-CM) reduced HNF4α transcription activity and the expression of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), a key enzyme in gluconeogenesis in HepG2 cells. In this study, we demonstrated that LNS1 administration increased the expression of glycosyltransferase 2 (GYS2) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), while reduced the expression of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC) expression in liver of HFD mice. Furthermore, LNS1 suppressed hepatic expression of glucokinase regulatory unit (GCKR) in HFD mice without changing the mRNA levels of glucokinase (GCK), suggesting that LNS1 may inhibit nuclear GCK activity. Consistently, addition of LNS1-CM to HepG2 cells increased the mRNA levels of GYS2 and GLUT2 with reduced mRNA levels of G6PC and GCKR. Moreover, hepatic glycogen contents were increased in HFD mice upon administration of LNS1. Together, these results suggest that LNS1 facilitates glycogen accumulation in liver by regulating the expression of genes involved in glycogen metabolism, contributing to improved insulin sensitivity in the HFD mice.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.12
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• pp.2276-2280
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• 2011

An indium-tin-oxide (ITO) is normally used as a substrate in organic photovoltaic cells. We examined the effects of an oxygen ($O_2$) plasma treatment on the electrical properties of an organic photovoltaic cell. Experiments with four-point probe method and atomic force microscope revealed the lowest surface resistance of 17.64 ${\Omega}$/sq and the lowest average surface roughness of 1.39 nm at the plasma treatment power of 250 W. A device structure of ITO/CuPc/$C_{60}$/BCP/$Cs_2CO_3$/Al was fabricated by thermal evaporation with and without the plasma treated ITO substrate. It was found that the power conversion efficiency of the cell with the plasma treated ITO is 65 % higher than the one without the plasma treated ITO.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.151-163
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• 2010

Objective: We investigated the oral malodor inhibitory effect of Scutellariae Radix (SR), Phellodendri Cortex (PC), Moutan Cortex (MTC) and Magnoliae Cortex (MGC) for the development of a gargle solution. Methods: 1. Against P. gingivalis and Pr. intermedia, the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and the change of viable cells that were exposed to 1% each herbal extract were observed. 2. Deodorizing activity of 2% herbal extract and Garglin $Mint^{(R)}$ against methyl mercaptan were evaluated by gas chromatography (GC). 3. We used the salivary sediment system (SSS) as the malodor model. 4. The clinical examination was repeated 3 times by 2 subjects by $Halimeter^{(R)}$. Baseline VSC of each subject was measured. Then, the control subject gargled with cysteine for 30 sec. After 4 min, subjects would gargle for 30 seconds with herbal extracts (2%) and Garglin $Mint^{(R)}$. Subsequently, the concentration of VSC was measured at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 40 and 60 minutes. Results: 1. Against P. gingivalis, MBC of SR, PC and MTC was 0.1%, and MBC of MGC was 1%. Removal time of P. gingivalis was as follows; 5 hr in MGC, 24 hr in SR and PC, and 48 hr in MTC. Against Pr. intermedia, MBC of SR and PC was 0.5%, and MBC of MTC, MGC was 1%. Removal time of Pr. intermedia was as follows; 5 hr in MTC and 24 hr in SR, PC and MGC. 2. Deodorizing effect of herbal extracts against methyl mercaptan was as follows; MGC and MTC had 100%, SR had 82.22%, PC had 66.60%, Garglin $Mint^{(R)}$ had 40.54%. 3. In the experiment using SSS, PC and MTC had statistically significant malodor-inhibitory effects (p<.05). 4. In the clinical examination, PC and MGC had statistically significant inhibitory effects at every elapsed time compared to the control subject. MTC had that until 40 min. SR had that at 0, 4, 8, 20, and 60 min. Conclusions: SR, PC, MTC and MGC have an antibacterial effect and the chemical removable activity of the oral malodor caused by VSC. These four herbs could have potential as effective anti-malodor agents.

• BMB Reports
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.76-83
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• 2006

Pyridoxine-5-P oxidase catalyses the terminal step in the biosynthesis of pyridoxal-S-P, the biologically active form of vitamin $B_6$ Which acts as an essential cofactor. Here, a human brain pyridoxine-5-P oxidase gene was fused with a gene fragment encoding the HIV-1 Tat protein transduction domain (RKKRRQRRR) in a bacterial expression vector to produce a genetic in-frame Tat-pyridoxine-5-P oxidase fusion protein. Expressed and purified Tat-pyridoxine-5-P oxidase fusion protein transduced efficiently into PC12 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner when added exogenously to culture media. Once inside the cells, the transduced Tat-pyridoxine-5-P oxidase protein showed catalytic activity and was stable for 48 h. Moreover, the formation of pyridoxal-5-P was increased by adding exogenous Tat-pyridoxine-5-P oxidase to media pre-treated with the vitamin $B_6$ precursor pyridoxine. In addition, the intracellular concentration of pyridoxal-S-P was markedly increased when Tat-pyridoxal kinase was transduced together with Tat-pyridoxine-5-P oxidase into cells. These results suggest that the transduction of Tat-pyridoxine-5-P oxidase fusion protein presents a means of regulating the level of pyridoxal-5-P and of replenishing this enzyme in various neurological disorders related to vitamin $B_6$.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.503-512
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• 2001

Objective : This study was carried out to investigate the effects of DDT on the brain damage and hypertension. Methods : We observed the effect of Dodamtang(DDT) extract on KCN-induced coma, focal brain ischemia by MCA occlusion, cytotoxicity and protection of PC12 cells and B103 cells induced by amyloid ${\beta}$ protein(25-35). To prove the effect of DDT as a blood pressure depressant, we measured aldosterone, renin activity, catecholamine, sodium and NO density using the seperated blood plasma. Results : DDT showed a protective effect on cytotoxicity of PC12 cells and B103 cells induced by amyloid ${\beta}$ protein(25-35) in a dose dependent manner and proved the significant abridgement of brain ischemic area and edema induced by MCA occlusion, a critical decrease of neurologic deficitic grade in the fore-limbs. DDT didn't reduce the duration of KCN(1.87mg/kg iv.)-induced coma and prolonged the survival rate in the case of KCN(3.0mg/kg iv.)-induced coma by the ratio of 20%. While DDT increased the value of NO in SHR, it significantly decreased the blood pressure of SHR and the value of aldosterone& epinephrine in SHR. Conclusions : These results suggested that DDT might be usefully applied for treatment of hypertension, cerebral infarction, and brain damage.