• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.169-180
• /
• 1994

The aim of this study was to compare pain descriptions in common dental patients with those in patients with Temporomandibular disorders(TMDs). The study sample consisted of 104 common dental patients and 74 patients with TMDs, and their chief complaint was pain, Subjects were classified common dental pain group and TMDs pain group, respectively. All the subjects completed Korean Pain Rating Scale(KPRS) on first visit. KPRS contains 90 pain terms, which divided into 20 subclasses in 3 dimensions. Each subclass contains 3-6 pain terms. each patient had chosen only one term from each subclass. If there was no proper term, subject could pass the subclass without completion. Words chosen were categorized into sensory, affective, miscellaneous and total dimension. Thereafter they were processed and analyzed by SPSS/PC+ statistical package program with respect to rank values, scale values, number of words chosen and frequency of each subclass. The obtained results of this study were as follows : 1. Total mean number of words chosen was 7.6. 2. Chronic patients groups with Temporomandibular disorders had chosen more freuently from the subclasses in affective dimension than the patients in acute common dental pain group. 3. Frequency of affective dimension was higher in chronic patients groups with Temporomandibular disorders than that of acute patients group with Temporomandibular disorders. 4. Chronic patients group with Temporomandibular disorders had higher frequency in constrictive pressure pain, traction pressure pain, dull pain and fatigue-related pain terms than acute common dental patients group. 5. Acute patients group with Temporomandibular disorders had higher frequency in traction pressure pain and dull pain terms but had lower frequency in chemical pain, peripheral nerve pain and cold pain terms than acute common dental patients groups. 6. There were high positive correlation between the scale- and rank-value in the pain rating index.

• 성인간호학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.94-104
• /
• 2003

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the factors which affected exercise and the perceived exercise behaviors in women according to Q-methodology and to provide basic strategies for health promotion of middle-aged women in Korea. Method: Q-methodology provides a scientific method for identifying perception structures that exist within certain individuals or groups. Thirty subjects in Seoul, Incheon, Chung-buk classified 35 selected Q-statements in to 9 points standard. The collected data was analyzed by using a QUANL pc program. Result: Principal component analysis identified 3 types of exercise behavior of middle-aged women in Korea and named by the researcher. They are called persistent activity preference type, living-exercise preference type, exercise mania type. In persistent activity preference type, the middle-aged women thought activity was very helpful to achieving health and releasing stress or fatigue. Also, they recognized the relationship between physical health and psychological health. In living-exercise preference type, the middle-aged women preferred maintaining stability or nonactivity to intended exercise or activity for health. In exercise mania type, the middle-aged women thought there was no other way to keep her health than to exercise. Conclusion: The findings of this study will provide the health care provider including nurse with useful information. It's very important to offer appropriate exercise intervention to the middle-aged women of each type by taking into consideration the characteristics of individual types.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보통신학회 2012년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.511-514
• /
• 2012

IPTV는 기술적으로 TV에 PC적 기능이 더해지고 인터넷 프로토콜(IP)을 통해 인터넷과 연결되는 서비스로, 국내 초고속인터넷의 속도가 VDSL, 광랜과 같은 서비스의 등장으로 최대 100Mbps에 이르러 동영상 콘텐츠의 실시간 스트리밍 서비스가 가능한 환경이 구현되었다. IPTV 도입을 통해 산사건 방송, VOD 등의 기본적인 서비스뿐만 아니라, 양방향 광고, IPTV 민원발급 및 IPTV 공공서비스 제공 등 다양한 응용서비스의 개발 및 활성화를 기대하였다. 또한 IPTV를 통해 유료방송의 경쟁을 촉진시키고 케이블TV의 디지털 전환을 촉진시킴으로써 시청자들의 복지를 향상시킨다는 취지도 함께 있었다. 정량적으로는 IPTV가입자가 2012년에 이르러 보수적으로 290만가구, 낙관적으로는 450만 가구에 이를 것으로 예상하였으며, 관련 시장규모도 동년도에 약 7,515억원에 이를 것으로 전망하였다. 하지만, 2011년 말이 이미 450만 가입자를 돌파하고 2012년 8월 500만 가입자를 유치하면서 IPTV 서비스는 본격적인 mass market을 형성해 나가고 있다. IPTV 시장이 확대해 나가면서 유료방송 가입가구 수도 증가하였는데, 도입당시인 2008년 말 1,740만 가구가 유료방송에 가입하여 104%의 보급률을 보였으나 2011년 6월말 현재 가구수 대비 유료방송 가입자구수는 127%로 증가하였다. 이렇게 IPTV서비스 시장이 확대되고는 있으나, 정부의 신규 서비스에 대한 과도한 요금규제, IPTV와 경쟁하는 케이블방송사(SO) 계열의 콘텐츠 사업자(CP)들의 방송채널 공급거절 및 지상파 방송사의 과도한 재전송 대가, 전국 권역사업자인 IPTV에 대한 권역별 가입자점유율 규제, IPTV의 차별성으로 내세웠던 T-Commerce 및 양방향 광고에 대한 규제는 앞으로 개선해 내가야할 과제이다. 이에 본고는 IPTV의 시장성과를 조망하고, 시장의 지속성장을 위해 필요한 제도개선 방향을 살펴보았다.

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.347-354
• /
• 2007

This paper describes on the real-time monitoring of net setting and hauling process for fishing operations of Danish seine vessels in the southern waters of Korea as an application of a PC based ECDIS system. Tracking of fishing process was performed for the large scale Danish seine vessel of G/T 90 and 350 PS class using the fishing gear which the length of net, ground rope, head rope and sweep line including warp in both sides were 86m, 104m, 118m and 3,200m, respectively. Tracking information for net setting and hauling process was continuously recorded for 23 fishing operations performed on November and December, 2003. All measurement data, such as trawl position, heading, towing course and past track which was individually time stamped during data acquisition, was processed in real time on the ECDIS and displayed simultaneously on the ENC chart. The results indicated that after the separation of a marker buoy from Danish seiner, the averaged running speed of vessel and the averaged setting period while shooting the seine on the course of diamond shape to surround the fish school in the 23 fishing operations were 8.3 knots and 13.1 minutes, respectively. And with the maker buoy taken on board, the averaged running speed of vessel and the averaged towing period while closing the seine on the straight route was 1.0 knots and 47.0 minutes, respectively. After the closing stage of hand rope, the hand rope was towed by the averaged speed of 2.2 knots during the 13.0 minutes. The average area for route of diamond shape swept by sweep lines of the seine in 23 fishing grounds was $709,951.6m^2$. Further investigation is also planed to provide more quantitative tracking information and to achieve more effective surveillance and control of Danish seine vessels in EEZ fishing grounds.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.87-104
• /
• 2011

Objectives : A safety issue on acupuncture and moxibustion treatment during pregnancy is as important as effectiveness. To establish a rationale and research strategy for future studies, a traditional literature review was performed to summarize how and for what conditions acupuncture and moxibustion treatment was given during pregnancy. Methods : An extensive traditional literature search for acupuncture and moxibustion treatment during pregnancy was conducted in texts on acupuncture and moxibustion, obstetrics and gynecology, and comprehensive medical texts. Treatment conditions, methods, and contraindications were summarized and tabulated. Results : Twenty-eight books were included in our review. Most frequent description of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment use during pregnancy was for difficult delivery including breech presentations; commonly used acupuncture points for difficult labor included LI4, SP6, BL67, BL60, KI6, ST30, SP12, LR4, LR3, PC6, CV3, CV14, KI13, and GB21, indicating that they may have to be avoided during pregnancy. Descriptions of other symptoms or conditions were sparse. For habitual abortion or recurrent miscarriage, moxibustion on GV4, BL23, CV3, KI8, and KI2 was indicated. A combination of LI4 and SP6, and CV4 were contraindicated during pregnancy consistently across the reviewed books. Conclusions : Our traditional literature review has shown that the use of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment during pregnancy has been limited. Given that more and more pregnant women are interested in safe and effective treatment, further research of acupuncture's safety and efficacy during pregnancy is urgently needed.

• 융합신호처리학회 학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국신호처리시스템학회 2006년도 하계 학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.57-62
• /
• 2006

휴대용 단말기의 소형화 및 지능화와 더불어 차세대 PC 기반의 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅에 대한 관심이 높아짐에 따라 최근에는 펜이나 음성 입력 멀티미디어 등 여러 가지 대화 모드를 구비한 멀티 모달 상호작용 (Multi-Modal Interaction MMI)에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 잡음 환경에서의 명확한 의사 전달 및 휴대용 단말기에서의 음성-제스처 통합 인식을 위한 인터페이스의 연구를 목적으로 Voice-XML과 Wearable Personal Station(WPS) 기반의 음성 및 내장형 수화 인식기를 통합한 멀티 모달 명령어 인식 시스템 (Multi-Modal Instruction Recognition System : MMIRS)을 제안하고 구현한다. 제안되어진 MMIRS는 한국 표준 수화 (The Korean Standard Sign Language : KSSL)에 상응하는 문장 및 단어 단위의 명령어 인식 모델에 대하여 음성뿐만 아니라 화자의 수화제스처 명령어를 함께 인식하고 사용함에 따라 잡음 환경에서도 규정된 명령어 모델에 대한 인식 성능의 향상을 기대할 수 있다. MMIRS의 인식 성능을 평가하기 위하여, 15인의 피험자가 62개의 문장형 인식 모델과 104개의 단어인식 모델에 대하여 음성과 수화 제스처를 연속적으로 표현하고, 이를 인식함에 있어 개별 명령어 인식기 및 MMIRS의 평균 인식율을 비교하고 분석하였으며 MMIRS는 문장형 명령어 인식모델에 대하여 잡음환경에서는 93.45%, 비잡음환경에서는 95.26%의 평균 인식율을 나타내었다.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.94-104
• /
• 1999

Objectives: Hepatoma is a very serious disease in Korea and worldwide. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has proved the most significant cause of hepatoma. We carried out this study to investigate the effect of Injinchunggan-tang (Yinchenqinggan -tang) on inhibiting cell proliferation and DNA synthesis in HepG2.2.15 cell lines and on inhibiting phosphorilation of oncogene (MAP kinase) in NIT /3T3-HEx cells. Methods: First we confinned the Hepatitis B virus producing ability of HepG2.2.15 cells. To investigate the anti-cancer effect of Injinchunggan-tang (Yinchenqinggan-tang), we did the NTS/PMS assay, [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay and transfection of pcDNA-X. We also measured the gene expression through western blotting. Results: Injinchunggan-tang (Yinchenqing gan tang) showed the suppressing effect of HepG2.2.l5 increase in the MTS/PMS assay and the inhibiting effect of DNA synthesis of HepG2.2.15 in the [3H] thymidine incorporation assay. Injinchunggan-tang (Yinchenqinggan-tang) also showed the inhibiting phosphorilation effect of MAP kinase in HBV -X genes. Conclusions: From the above Injinchunggan-tang (Yinchenqinggan-tang) is thought to have an anti-cancer effect on the hepatoma from HBV. It is suggested that further studies on this prescription would give us a better medicine with an anti-cancer effect.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국해양정보통신학회 2002년도 춘계종합학술대회
• /
• pp.197-200
• /
• 2002

기존 DGPS는 고가의 장비인 RF방식의 무선 모뎀을 사용함으로써 사용자의 무선국 허가, 전파의 지리적 장애물에 의한 영향, 전송거리의 제한, 주파수 혼신, 주파수 자원의 유한성 등의 문제점이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이런 문제점을 해결하기 위해서 각 DGPS 수신기의 무선 모델을 대체할 수 있는 방법으로 휴대전화를 이용한 DGPS 수신기와의 보정신호 전송기법을 제안하고, DGPS 수신기와 휴대전화 간의 연동을 위한 IM(Interface Module)의 개발에 관한 연구이다. IM은 DGPS 수신기와 휴대전화 간의 인터페이스 모듈로서 RS-232 포트와 모뎀 통신 제어를 통한 보정신호의 전송을 가능하게 한다. 기준국의 IM은 DGPS 수신기와 휴대전화를 통해 이동국에 보정신호를 전송하기 위하여 RS-232 포트와 모뎀을 초기화하고 응답 모드로 대기하며, 이동국의 IM은 RS-232 포트와 모뎀을 초기화 한 후 기준국과 연결(Hand Shaking)를 요구하고, 연결 선정이 완료된 후 송수신 된 보정신호를 이용하여 이동국은 상대 측위를 통한 정화한 측위가 이루어진다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.137-144
• /
• 2009

In this study, quantitative and pattern recognition analyses for the quality evaluation of Herba Epimedii using HPLC was developed. For quantitative analysis, five major bioactive constituents, hyperin, epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, and icariin were determined. Analysis was carried out on Capcell pak $C_{18}$ column ($250{\time}4.6$ mm, 5 ${\mu}m$) with a mobile phase of mixture of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid, using UV detection at 270 nm. The linear behavior was observed over the investigated concentration range (2-50 ${\mu}g/mL;\;r_2\;>$ 0.99) for all analytes. The intraand inter-day precisions were lower than 4.3% (as a relative standard deviation, RSD) and accuracies between 95.1% and 104.4%. The HPLC analytical method for pattern recognition analysis was validated by repeated analysis of one reference sample. The RSD of intra- and inter-day variation of relative retention time (RRT) and relative peak area (RPA) of the 12 selected common peaks were below 0.8% and 4.7%, respectively. The developed methods were applied to analysis of twenty Herba Epimedii extract samples. Contents of hyperin, epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, and icariin were calculated to be 0$\sim$0.79, 0.69$\sim$1.91, 0.93$\sim$9.58, 0.65$\sim$3.05, and 2.43$\sim$11.8 mg/g dried plant. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that most samples were clustered together with the reference samples but several apart from the main cluster in the PC score plot, indicating differences in overall chemical composition between two clusters. The present study suggests that quantitative determination of marker compounds combined with pattern-recognition method can provide a comprehensive approach for the quality assessment of herbal medicines.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.95-104
• /
• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the degree of menopausal symptom and granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio, and heart rate varibility(HRV). Methods: From 11th April 2011 to 20th May 2011, a total 30 female subjects (age 41-60) was recruited. We evaluated the degree of menopausal symptoms by Kupperman' s index and measured subject's WBC differential count and HRV. The data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation test using SPSS/PC ver 13.0 program. Results: 1. There was no statistically significant difference in granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio and HRV among 4 classified groups according to Kupperman's index.- Mild, Moderate, Severe and Urgent. 2. Granulocyte ratio and general symptom score(within Kupperman's index) significantly showed negative correlation coefficient(r=-0.499, p=0.005), and Lymphocyte ratio and general symptom score significantly showed positive correlation coefficient (r=0.374, p=0.042). 3. Granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio and HRV showed no significant correlation. Conclusions: There was no significant relation among the degree of menopausal symptoms and granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio, and HRV. But furthermore large scale study is required.