• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.816-822
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• 2012

Volatile components of acorn crude starches and gel powder created from them were analyzed by Gas Chromatograph-Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry (GC-IMS). Crude starches were obtained from acorns harvested in South Korea (KAS), China (CAS), and North Korea (NAS). The principal component analysis (PCA) of each volatile component exhibited a significant contribution of PC 1 showing up to 60.5%. The acorn crude starch from KAS could be distinguished from crude starch from China by PC 1 (p<0.05). However, NAS and CAS could not be segregated statistically by the PC 1 component. PC 2, which exhibited 22.8% contribution, of KAS, also showed a meaningful difference (p<0.05) from those of CAS and NAS, making it possible to distinguish domestic acorn starch from imports.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.37-41
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• 2013

In this work, we report the effect on the volatole organic compounds(VOCs) sensing properties of Copper phthalocyanine(CoPc) and Dilithium phthalocyanine(DiLiPc) thin films onto alumina substrates. Use evaporation method and the spin-coated method for sensing device. The materials of metallophthalocyanine macrocyclic compound solutions blended with N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4"-diamine and/or Poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] solutions. The influence of the blended in with metallophthalocyanine macrocyclic compounds on the resistance have been measured and analyzed in five different volatole organic compounds. The following results were obtained: The AFM 3D image of thin films deposited on metallophthalocyanine macrocyclic compound shows that the surfaces roughness were about CuPc 4.1~14.3 nm(7.5~8.1%), DiLiPc 10.3~22.2 nm(7.9~11.5%). The resistances decreases upon increasing the concentration of vapor organic compounds to CuPc and DiLiPc thin films. That thin films blended Copper phthalocyanine(CoPc) and Dilithium phthalocyanine(DiLiPc) with N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4"-diamine and/or Poly[2-methoxy--5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene]. The resistances of blended thin films with N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4"-diamine and/or Poly[2-methoxy--5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] decreases upon increasing the concentration of volatole organic compounds(VOCs) on DiLiPc than CuPc compound thin films.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.115-122
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• 2023

Modular construction is popular as a smart building system because it can shorten the construction period. This study proposed a precast concrete (PC) core system that can further shorten modular construction time. The system was developed and its structural performance was verified through computational analysis. The proposed PC core system is a complete PC construction method using dry bonding. The results of the study indicated that the proposed PC core system has structural stability and performance suitable for modular housing.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.336-340
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• 2015

Three different types of polycarbonate (PC)/graphene oxide (GO) composites using diphenyl carbonate as a monomer were fabricated by melt polymerization. Those were the PC/GO composite (PC/GO) using a twin extruder, in-situ PC/GO composite (PC/GO-cat.) using a catalyst, and in-situ PC/GO composite (PC/GO-COCl) using a GO-COCl treated by -COCl, Chemical structures of the composites were confirmed by C-H and C=O stretching peak at $3000cm^{-1}$ and $1750cm^{-1}$, respectively. The slope for the storage (G') versus loss (G") modulus plot decreased with an increase in the heterogeneous property of polymer melts. So we can check the GO dispersion of the PC/GO composites using by the slop for G'-G" plot. According to the G'- G" slopes for three different types of PC/GO composites, GO was well dispersed within PC matrix in case of PC/GO and PC/GO-cat.. It was also confirmed by atomic force microscope (AFM) photos. One of the reasons for the poor GO dispersion of PC/GO-COCl is branching and crosslinking processes occurred during polymerization, which was further confirmed by a plot for the complex modulus versus phase difference.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2002

Purpose : To evaluate the NMR relaxation properties and imaging characteristics of tissue-specificity for a newly developed macromolecular MR agent. Materials and methods : Phthalocyanine (PC) was chelated with paramagnetic ion, Mn.2.01g (5.2 mmol) of Phthalocyanine was mixed with 0.37g (1.4 mmol) of Mn chloride at $310^{\circ}C$ for 36 hours and then purified by chromatography (CHC13/CH3OH 98/2 v/v, Rf, 0.76) to obtain 1.04g (46%) of MnPC (molecular weight= 2000d). The $T1}T2$ relaxivity of MnPC was measured in 1.5T(64 MHz) MR using 0.1 mM MnPC. The MR image characteristics of MnPC was evaluated using spin-echo (TR/TE=500/14 msec) and gradient-echo (FLASH) (TR/TE=80/4 msec, flip angle=60) techniques in 1.57 MR scanner. The images of rabbit liver were obtained every 10 minutes up to 4 hours. To study the effect of concentration on image, 20 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM of MnPC were tested. Results : The relaxivities of MnPC at 1.5T(64MHz) were Rl=7.28 $mM^{-1}S^{-1},{\;}R2=55.56mM^{-1}S^{-1}$. Compared to the values of Gd-DTPA (Rl[=4.8 $mM^{-1}S^{-1})$], R2[=5.2 $mM^{-1}S^{-1}])$]), both T1/T2 relaxivities of MnPC were higher than those of Gd-DTPA. For both of SE and FLASH techniques, the contrast enhancement reached maximum at 10 minutes after bolus injection and the enhancement continued for more than 2 hours. When compared with small molecular weight liver agents such as Gd-EOB-DTPA, Gd-BOPTA and MnDPDP, MnPC was characterized by more prolonged enhancement time. The time course of MR images also revealed biliary excretion of MnPC. Conclusion : We developed a new macromolecular MR agent, MnPC. The relaxivities of MnPC were higher than those of small molecular weight Gd-chelate. Hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of MnPC suggests that this agent is a new liver-specific MR agent.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.521-529
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• 2009

Molecular structures of the various conformers for the 1,3-dimethoxy-p-tert-butylthiacalix[4] crown-5-ether (3) were optimized by using DFT B3LYP/6 - 31 + G(d,p) and mPW1PW91/6 - 31 + G(d,p) (hybrid HF-DF) calculation methods. We have analyzed the energy differences and structures of eight in/out orientations (cone_oo, cone_oi, pc_oo, pc_io, pc_oi, pc_ii, 13a_oo, 13a_io) of two methoxy groups in three major conformations (cone, partial-cone and 1,3-alternate). The 13a_oo (out-out orientation of the 1,3-alternate conformer) is calculated to be the most stable among eight different conformations of 3, and in accord with the experimental result. The ordering of relative stability resulted from the mPW1PW91/6 - 31 + G(d,p) calculation method is following: 13a_oo > 13a_io$\sim$pc_io$\sim$cone_oo > cone_oi$\sim$pc_oo$\sim$pc_oi > pc_ii.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.632-639
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• 1994

For dye sensitization of zinc oxide in the visible region, copper phthalocyanine(CuPc) and sunfast yellow(SY) were adsorbed in two layers on zinc oxide powder. The adsorption structures of $\alpha-and\beta-CuPc$ on zinc oxide were investigated by photoacoustic, IR and Raman spectra. The ${\alpha}-and\;{\beta}$-polymorphs exhibited dimeric structure or molecular aggregates. The surface photovoltaic effect of ZnO/CuPc/SY showed higher than that of ZnO/SY/CuPc and $ZnO/\beta-CuPc/SY$ indicated better photosensitive than $ZnO/\alpha-CuPc/SY.$ Electrophotographic sensitivity of $ZnO/\beta-CuPc/SY$ was $$S_{1/2}=2.99{\times}10^{-2}(erg/cm^2)^{-1}$ at 630 nm.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.430-437
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• 2020

This is an approach study on the sensory properties (taste and odor) of 15 types of Korean conventional soups and stews using electronic nose and tongue. The relative sensor intensity for the taste components of the samples using electronic tongue was demonstrated. By SRS (sourness) sensor, sogogi-baechuguk (beef and cabbage soup) had the highest rate of 9.0. The STS (saltiness) sensor showed the highest score of 8.2 for ojingeoguk (squid soup). For the UMS (umami) sensor, which identifies savoriness, the sogogi-baechuguk was the highest at 10.1. The SWS (sweetness) sensors showed relatively little difference, with sigeumchi-doenjangguk (spinach and bean paste soup) at the highest of 7.3. According to the BRS sensor, which tests for bitterness, the siraegi-doenjangguk (dried radish green and bean paste soup) was the highest at 7.8. By principal component analysis (PCA), we observed variances of 56.21% in principal component 1 (PC1) and 25.23% in PC2. For each flavor component, we observed -0.95 and -0.20 for factor loading of PC1 and PC2 for SRS sensors, 0.96 and 0.14 for STS sensors, and -0.94 and 0.22 for PC1 and PC2 for UMS sensors, and PC1 and 0.22 for PC1 and PC2 loading for SWS sensors. The similarity between the samples identified by clustering analysis was largely identified by 4 clusters. A total of 25 kinds of volatile compounds in 15 samples were identified, and the ones showing the highest relative content in all samples were identified as ethanol and 2-methylthiophhene. The main ingredient analysis confirmed variances of 28.54% in PC1 and 20.80% in PC2 as a result of the pattern for volatile compounds in 15 samples. In the cluster analysis, it was found to be largely classified into 3 clusters. The data in this study can be used for a sensory property database of conventional Korean soups and stews using electronic sensors.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2014

Two types of cast-in-place concrete-filled hollow PC (HPC1, HPC2) columns were developed to reduce lifting load of heavy-weight PC columns and to improve the structural integrity of joints. To form the hollow PC columns, a couple of prefabricated PC panels was used for HPC1, and special hoops were used for HPC2. Lateral pressure of wet concrete on PC faces was measured while placing the concrete inside the columns. To evaluate the seismic resistance, full scale specimens of two HPC columns and a conventional RC column were tested under combined axial compression and lateral cyclic loading. The test results showed that the structural performance of the proposed HPC columns such as intial stiffness, maximum strength, and displacement ductility was comparable to that of the conventional RC column, but the energy dissipation of HPC2 slightly decreased after rebar-buckling. However, all the test specimens satisfied the energy dissipation requirement specified in ACI 374.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: During the winter, the use of deicers was rapidly increased for reduction of traffic accidents as well as injuries in Korea, whose components are largely comprised of calcium chloride and sodium chloride. Recently, to reduce the adverse effects of chloride-deciers such as pollution of water and soil, and decrease of agricultural productivity, the attention of eco-friendly deciers have been increased. This study aimed to investigate biological effects of magnesium chloride deicer (PC-10) and organic acid deicer (EFD-1) against wheat, barley, and spinach. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined the effect of two deciers, PC-10 and EFD-1 on the seed germination and growth of wheat, barley and spinach. EFD-1 showed higher suppression of the germination than PC-10 among tested crop seeds. In demage index of the seedlings of the crops, there was no symptoms in spinach such as spotting and color change of leaves. EFD-1 showed much stronger inhibitory effect on the germination of tested crop seeds than PC-10 when crops were exposed continuously to tested deciers in soils. The growth and shoot and root in examined crops was relatively higher in PC-10 treatment than in EFD-1 treatment when compared to the control. The biomass decrease was found in all examined conditions of deciers. PC-10 showed 23-35% reduction of biomass whereas EFD-1 exhibited 39-84% loss in all examined crops at over 2% concentration. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the effects of deicers used in this study by inputting into soil against growing tested crops cause the reduction of germination of seeds, growth, and biomass compared to the control.