• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.191-198
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• 2003

Background : The pathological features in asthmatic airway remodeling are diverse. The aim of this study was to examine the degree of airway vascularity in relation to the other remodeling parameters in asthmatics. Methods : Bronchial biopsies were done in 34 asthmatic patients, and 6 control subjects. The basement membrane thickness and the subepithelial thickness were measured in the hematoxylin-eosin stained tissue, and the degree of vascularity was measured using type IV collagen immunostaining. Results : 1) Compared to the control subjects, the asthmatics showed a significant increase in the basement membrane thickness ($6.92{\pm}2.01{\mu}m$ vs $9.67{\pm}2.84{\mu}m$, p<0.05) and the subepithelial thickness ($44.49{\pm}31.92{\mu}m$ vs $121.22{\pm}72.79{\mu}m$, p<0.05). 2) Compared to the control subjects, the asthmatics showed a significant increase in the vascular area per unit submucosal area ($4.51{\pm}2.13%$ vs $10.32{\pm}6.08%$, p<0.05). In addition, the number of vessels per unit submucosal area showed an increased tendency without statistical significance. 3) In the asthmatics, the number of vessels and the vascular area per unit submucosal area showed no correlation with the basement membrane thickness, the subepithelial thickness, the severity, the forced expiratory volume in 1 second($FEV_1$), and the methacholine provocative concentration 20($PC_{20}$). Conclusion : This study showed that vascularity was an important parameter in asthmatic airway remodeling but it was not related to the other remodeling parameters such as the basement membrane thickness and the subepithelial thickness. Each of these asthmatic remodeling parameters may have a different clinical significance. Therefore, further studies will be needed.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.267-271
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• 2005

Lecithin is a naturally occurring group of phospholipids found in nearly every living cell and has been widely used as the ingredient of functional foods. Lecithin has high content of phosphatidylcholine(PC), pharmaceutical material which promotes metabolism through the cell membrane. This study was carried out to improve the present inconvenient analytical method of PC in law for health & functional foods. The commodities used in this experiment, were two kinds of egg yolk and eight kinds of soybean lecithin functional foods. PC was separated with isocratic elution with hexane : isopropanol : D.W (30:60:8) through silica column (2.1$\times$150 mm) by HPLC with Evaporative Light-Scattering Detector (ELSD). The flow rate of the eluent was 0.5 ml/mim and infect volume was 10ul. The neubilizer temperature of detector was $60^{\circ}C$, drift tube temperature of that was $75^{\circ}C$ and gas flow was 30 psi. Quantification was carried out by external standardization. Limit of quantification was 0.15ppm. Lecithin contents of egg yolk and soybean Products were > $66\%$ and > $81\%$), respectively. Phosphatidylcholine contents of egg yolk and soybean products were > $74\%$ and > $18\%$, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 1999

Serratia marcescens, an enterobacterium of gram-negative bacteria, is characterized by resistance of the admium. Cadmium sensitive PM strain did not grow in the medium at cadmium concentration of 50 ppm. PA strain was induced to accommodate to cadmium by cultivating the mother strain (PC strain) in the medium with 50 ppm cadmium. As compared with PC and PM strains, PA strain revealed the excellent growth in cadmium media and accumulated four to five times higher cadmium concentration in cell than other strains. PA strain accumulated 23% of cadmium in cells when cultured in medium treated with 100 ppm cadmium and this cadmium was more accumulated in cytosol fractions than membrane fractions. Analysis by TEM indicated that cadmium was concentrated as a form of granule in cytosol. In protein patterns of cell after the treatment of cadmium, two inducible proteins (28 KDa and 64 KDa) and one reducible protein (45 KDa) were detected by SDS-PAGE. By Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, the amounts of cadmium attached to inducible proteins of 28 KDa and 64 KDa were 318.28 ㎍ and 325.37 ㎍ per gram of protein, respectively. It is assumed that these inducible proteins play an important role in the mechanism of cadmium accumulation in cells. A plasmid of 23Kbp was found in S. marcescens. The ability of resistance to cadmium in plasmid was confirmed by curing experiments.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1729-1734
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• 2008

Chitosan, a cationic polysaccharide, has been widely used as a dietary supplement and in a variety of pharmacological and biomedical applications. The antifungal activity and mechanism of action of low molecular weight water-soluble chitosan (LMWS-chitosan) were studied in fungal cells and vesicles containing various compositions of fungal lipids. LMWS-chitosan showed strong antifungal activity against various pathogenic yeasts and hyphae-forming fungi but no hemolytic activity or cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. The degree of calcein leakage was assessed on the basis of lipid composition (PC/CH; 10:1, w/w). Our result showing that LMWS-chitosan interacts with liposomes demonstrated that chitosan induces leakage from zwitterionic lipid vesicles. Confocal microscopy revealed that LMWS-chitosan was located in the plasma membrane. Finally, scanning electron microscopy revealed that LMWS-chitosan causes significant morphological changes on fungal surfaces. Its potent antibiotic activity suggests that LMWS-chitosan is an excellent candidate as a lead compound for the development of novel anti-infective agents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.1230-1242
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• 1993

In a case of mushroom (Lentinus Edodes L.) , visual features are crucial for grading and the quantitative evaluation of the growth state. The extracted quantitative visual features can be used as a performance index for the drying process control or used for the automatic sorting and grading task. First, primary external features of the front and back sides of mushroom were analyzed. And computer vision based algorithm were developed for the extraction and measurement of those features. An automatic thresholding algorithm , which is the combined type of the window extension and maximum depth finding was developed. Freeman's chain coding was modified by gradually expanding the mask size from 3X3 to 9X9 to preserve the boundary connectivity. According to the side of mushroom determined from the automatic recognition algorithm size thickness, overall shape, and skin texture such as pattern, color (lightness) ,membrane state, and crack were quantified and measured. A portion of t e stalk was also identified and automatically removed , while reconstructing a new boundary using the Overhauser curve formulation . Algorithms applied and developed were coded using MS_C language Ver, 6.0, PC VISION Plus library functions, and VGA graphic function as a menu driven way.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.9 no.3 s.24
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• pp.51-69
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• 2000

This study tries to analyze the development of architectural technologies appeared in several tall buildings and large spatial structures from 1955 to 1999 in Korea. We suppose that these buildings represent the development of technology in Korean modern architecture. By the detailed analysis of these buildings, we can arrive at a conclusion as such; During the years 1955-1999, there existed a great changement in the eighties. We can find this fact very well in the domain of structural system and curtain wall system. In large spatial structures, the structural-system of shell and steel truss dome was replaced by that of space frame, space truss and cable truss with membrane. In tall building, the structural system of rigid frame and shear wall was replaced by tubular system, core and outrigger system. Korean architects introduced the aluminum curtain wall in the sixties, but its low technological level caused many problems in reality. Therefore, precast concrete curtain wall appeared from seventies as the main method for an outer wall in tall building. With the augmentation of height after 1980, PC curtain wall was replaced by the aluminum curtain wall of unit type and structural glass wall system. These systems help to stress the transparency in a tall building.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.124-129
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• 2011

A simple process of fabricating micropillar structure and its influence upon enhancing electrochemical biosensor response were studied in this work. Conducting polymer PEDOT was used as a base material in formulating a composite with PVA. Micro porous PC membrane filter was used as a template for the micropillar of the composite on ITO electrode. This structure could provide plenty of encapsulating space for enzyme species. After dosing enzyme solution into this space, Nafion film tent was cast over the pillar structure to complete the micropillar cavity structure. In this way, the encapsulation of enzyme could be accomplished without any chemical modification. The amount of enzyme species was easily controllable by varying the concentration of the dosing solution. The more amount of enzyme is stored in the sensor, the higher the electrochemical response is produced. One more reason for the sensitivity improvement comes from the large surface area of the micropillar structure. Application of 0.7 V produced the best current response under the condition of pH 7.4. This biosensor showed linear response to the glucose in 0.1~1 mM range with the average sensitivity of $14.06{\mu}A/mMcm^2$. Detection limit was 0.01 mM based on S/N = 3.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.247-250
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• 2009

This study considers the feasibility of using the low cost assembled separator. The graphite plate has been widely used as the separator in the field of PEMFCs(Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell) industry because of its excellent material properties such as good corrosion resistance, good electrical conductance and so on. However, there are some problems for the commercialization due to its poor cost effectiveness for the large volume manufacturing and lack of mechanical strength. From this respect, this study has focused on the manufacturing technology in order to reduce the price for the commercialization of separator. This study also shows that the assembled separator of the suggested structure, which is composed of grafoil and PC(PolyCarbonate) materials, could be manufactured at low cost enough for the mass production. The flow fields produced by cutting foils and the base plates of the separators were simply made by mechanical work.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1975

Anaerobic bacteria are the major residents of human skin and mucous membrane. The importance, as opportunistic pathogens, of anaerobic bacteria are well recognized because of more population. with decreased defense against bacterial invasion due to chemotherapy, rediation therapy, extensive surgical operation etc. are dealt at hospitals. An analysis of the anaerobe isolation results at Yonsei University Medical Center during the January 1974-May 1975 period was made and the following results were obtained. 1) From 118 patients 146 strains of anaerobes were isolated. Among these 81.3% were nonsporforming anaerobes. Most frequently isolated anaerobes were Pc. asaccharolyticus, Ps. anaerobius, Ps. intermedius, B. fragilis and Cl. perfringens. 2) Anaerobes were frequently isolated from wound, female genital, intraabdominal, and pleuropulmonary specimens. Fewer anaerobes were isolated from blood, spinal fluid and liver specimens. 3) The ratio of anaerobe isolation to total bacteria isolation were; liver 66.7%, intraabdominal 33.3%, pleuropulmonary 28.9%, spinal fluid 5.0% and blood 4.2%. 4) Among the 118 anaerobe isolated patients, 48.3% yielded anaerobes only and rest of them yielded anaerobes together with aerobes. 5) Most of the gram-positive anaerobes were susceptible to the antibiotics tested. Exception was to tetracycline to which appreciable number showed resistance. It was noteworthy that only 48% of B. fragilis was susceptible to tetracycline.

• BMB Reports
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.130-135
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• 2021

Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are involved in many important cellular functions and play pivotal roles in cancer progression. The expression level of Kv2.1 was observed to be higher in the highly metastatic prostate cancer cells (PC-3), specifically in their membrane, than in immortalized prostate cells (WPMY-1 cells) and comparatively less metastatic prostate cancer cells (LNCaP and DU145 cells). However, Kv2.1 expression was significantly decreased when the cells were treated with antioxidants, such as N-acetylcysteine or ascorbic acid, implying that the highly expressed Kv2.1 could detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) in malignant prostate cancer cells. In addition, the blockade of Kv2.1 with stromatoxin-1 or siRNA targeting Kv2.1 significantly inhibited the migration of malignant prostate cancer cells. Our results suggested that Kv2.1 plays an important role as a ROS sensor and that it is a promising therapeutic molecular target in metastasis of prostate cancer.