• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2007

We have studied biochemical characterization of lectin purified from kidney bean seedling through PBS extraction, $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ precipitation, and Sephadex G-100 affinity chromatography. The lectin was agglutinated by rabbit erythrocytes. This lectin analyzed by SDS-PAGE is a tetramer composed of two subunits with molecular weights of 46 and 44 kDa. The optimal temperature and thermal stability of the lectin was 30$^{\circ}C$ and 40-80$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The maximal pH of this lectin was pH 8.2.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.132-140
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• 2010

1. Objective: To compare the contents and transfer rate of hazardous substances in crude, washing solution, crude after washing, decoction and remnant after boiling. 2. Methods: The heavy metal contents of each step were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and mercury analyzer (MA-2). In order to analyze pesticides in each sample we used simultaneous multi-residue analysis of pesticides by GC/ECD, which was followed by GC/MSD analysis to confirm the identity of the detected pesticide in each sample. In addition, the contents of sulfur dioxide (SO2) were performed by Monier-Williams distillation method. 3. Results: 1) Contents (mg/kg) of heavy metals in decoction of all herbal medicine prescriptions were not detected. 2) Transfer rates (%) of heavy metals from crude to remnant were As (83.3%), Cd (100.0%), Pb (182.6%) and Hg (100.0%). 3) Contents (mg/kg) of residual pesticides were not detected. 4) Transfer rate (%) of sulfur dioxide (SO2) from crude to remnant was 44.2%. 4. Conclusion: Our results showed that boiled herbal medicine prescriptions which we take is safe from the hazardous substances.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.261-264
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• 2005

In the current study, we examined the quality of surface water in ponds at two golf courses, located in southern (Country Club P) and eastern (Country Club B) areas of Korea respectively. Seasonal measurements were made of following physical parameters;pH, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, chloride, alkalinity, hardness, and nitrogen compounds [$NH_3$-N, $NO_2$-N, $NO_3$-N] and the concentrations of four heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) throughout the courses. The pH values were within the alkaline range (7.3 to 9.0), and the biological oxygen demand was generally between 0.5 and 3.1 mg/L. The alkalinity and hardness ranged from 19.1 to 68.5mg/L and 16.1 to 63.6 mg/L, respectively. Nitrogen as ammonium $(NH_3-N)$ was detected in all samples, and the samples had low concentrations of $NO_2-N$ and $NO_3-N$. Cd concentrations were relatively high (to 22.44 mg/L); the highest Cd concentration was observed in the pond in Country Club P. Other metal concentrations were low compared to the Quebec guidelines.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 1996

In order to evaluate the air quality, dry and wet deposition samples were collected by deposit containers during four months in Inchon area. The samples were analyzed for its solid composition and trace elements(Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn). The main results are summarized below 1. The amounts of dry and wet deposition in Inchon area were 1.06~3.14 ton/$km^2$/month, and affected by the rainfall and suspended yellow sand. 2. Through the analysis of solid balance, we found that 50% of total solids(TS) was fixed suspend ed solids(FSS), 25% was fixed dissolved solids(FDS), and each of volatile suspended solids(VSS) and volatile dissolved solids(VDS) accounted for 12.5%. 3. The amounts collected by sampler for trace elements were 938 ~ 2,765 $\mu g$ calcium/10days sampler, 0.2 ~ 90.4 $\mu g$ cadmium/10days/sampler, 26 ~ 298 $\mu g$ copper/10days/sampler, 928 ~ 3,939 $\mu g$ iron/10days/sampler, 50 ~ 202 $\mu g$ manganese/10days/sampler, 4 ~ 37 $\mu g$ nickel/10days/sampler, 52 ~ 406 $\mu g$ lead/10days/sampler, and 97 ~ 1,317 $\mu g$ zinc/10days/sampler, respectively. 4. Using the manganese analysis, it was found that 76.1% of TS was from soil.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.85-97
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• 2003

This study is an attempt that Rheology changes are occurred by boiling, frying, and boiling potatoes with soy bean sauce. Three different methods are tested for chemical analysis, fine potato starch grain structural change, sensory evaluation. 1) Alkaline number and acidity number are changed (+)2.17 in raw, decreased (+)1.76 by boiling, increased (+)2.38 by frying, and (-)2.22 by boiling with soy bean sauce. 2) Potatoes are completely dissolved into the gelatinization when they are boiled at 10$0^{\circ}C$ for 15minutes(PB III), fried at 18$0^{\circ}C$ for 3 minutes(PF IV), and boiled with soy bean sauce l0$0^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes(PS III). 3) The pectin content ratio is decreased according to frying (31.78$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$), boiling(44.20$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$), boiling soy bean sauce(36.37 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$), Hemicellulose content ratio is decreased according to frying(1.19%), boiling(1.17%), boiling soy bean sauce(0.92%). And the contend of cellulose and lignin is still regardless of any cooking method. 4) The sensory evaluation conducted by 30 university students as panelists showed that there are more significant differences among four samples in appearance, flavour, texture. As a result, the optimum cooking condition for potatoes is that potatoes are boiled l0$0^{\circ}C$ for 15minutes, fried at 18$0^{\circ}C$ for 3minutes, and boiled with soy bean sauce at 1$0^{\circ}C$ for 30minutes.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.347-361
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• 1991

The Sangeun ore deposit is located in a volcanic belt within the Gyeongsang Basin in south western Korea. The ore deposit is of representative epithermal Au-Ag quartz vein type developed in lapilli tuff. This paper presents the mineralization with special emphasis on mineral zoning of the deposits. Principal points are summarized as follows: (1) Four stages of mineralization are recognized based on macrostructures. From ealier to later they are stage I(arsenopyrite-pyrite-quartz), stage II(Au-Ag bearing Pb-Zn-quartz), stage III(barren quartz), and stage IV(dickite-quartz). (2) Electrum principally occurs with arsenopyrite and galena in stage II, and has chemical compositions of 72.9-67.1 Ag atom %, and has Ag/Au ratio of 2.69-2.04. (3) Sphalerite varies in its FeS content according to the mineralization stages; 22.03-18.60 mole % FeS and 1.33-0.23 mole % MnS in stage IB, 16.11-8.64 mole % FeS and 1.33-0.23 mole % MnS in stage II. (4) Alteration zones of mineral assemblage, from the vein to the wall-rock, consist of sericite - quartz - pyrite, sericite - quartz - dickite, sericite - chlorite plagioclase respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.666-671
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• 2006

Effects of a rainfall event (July 28, 2005) on the hydrochemical characteristics of the Jungrang river, the biggest tributary of the Han river, was investigated. Significant spatial variations in the hydrochemical characteristics were observed. At JR2 location, concentrations of T-N and T-P were relatively low indicating occurrence of active oxidation in the stepped drop structure. At JR3 location, concentrations of Na, K, Cl, $NH_4-N$ and EC were elevated suggesting increased discharge from the nearby waste-water treatment plant and tributaries. The rain event diluted major dissolved ion concentrations in the river by 12~52%. The $NO_3-N$ levels were preserved during the rain then increased about twofold after rainfall, suggesting increased discharge of nitrate-contaminated groundwater. Heavy metals including Cd, Co, Cr, Cu and Pb were not detected in all water samples and the leachates from surface sediment samples. Concentrations of Fe, Mn, Al and Zn were below the Korean Drinking Water Guideline. Results of this study suggested that establishment of water-quality monitoring protocols describing temporal and spatial variations in parameters sensitive to rainfall events, relatively steady factors, and contaminant sources is required.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.59-65
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• 2003

This study was conducted to analyze metal concentration changes following processing steps for crude, remnant after boiling, and decoction of Korea herbal drugs. We measured meta.! concentration from 20 random patients who visited Oriental medical clinics for treatment of several diseases through normal action. The results obtained were as below: First, in the study to acknowledge quality control between Korean Lab and Harvard Lab in the US, 20 equal herbal samples resulted in the same values, so we confirmed the precision of measurement results from both labs. Second, hazardous metal mean concentration in crude, remnant after boiling, and decoction of herbal drugs were $32.5{\mu\textrm{g}}/22.1{\mu\textrm{g}}/8.8{\mu\textrm{g}}$ for As, $0.0{\mu\textrm{g}}/0.0{\mu\textrm{g}}/0.0{\mu\textrm{g}}$ for Cd, $1.0{\mu\textrm{g}}/0.0{\mu\textrm{g}}/0.0{\mu\textrm{g}}$ for Hg and $5416.3{\mu\textrm{g}}/3639.6{\mu\textrm{g}}/1002.6{\mu\textrm{g}}$ for Pb, respectively. These metal concentrations decreased 72.9-100.0% compared to crude status. The same trend was also visible in the other essential elements. From reviewing these results, we could carefully conclude that decoction had the least amount of metal concentration and is the optimal way to intake herbal drugs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 1996

납중독에 대한 마늘의 antidotic effect를 조사하기 위한 4주간의 실험에서 , rat 체중 kg 당 중 (7일간) 1회초산납 100mg을 투여한 rat에 매일 마늘즙을 식이의 4%로 투여한 실험군(LG)과 초산납과 함께 중금속 해독제인 N-acetyl penicillamine을 매일 rat 체중 kg당 100mg 투여한 실험군 (LP)의 체중 증가율 비교에서 초산납만을 투여한 실험군(L)보다 LG군과 LP군 모두 유의성 있는 rat 성장률 개선효과 (각각 +13.3%과 +22.3%)를 보였다. L군 rat의 외관과 해부검사에서는 장기들(위, 간장, 신장)의 병변(damage)이 매우 미미하게 관찰되었으나 혈액검사에서 GOT, alkaline phos-phatase, blood uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, crea-tinine, bilitrubin 값이 유의적을 증가하여 납중독에 의한 장기(organs) 특히 신장 기능의 현저한 장해를 보였다. 그러나 LG군이 이들 측정값이 L군보다 유의성의 차로 낮은 값을 보여 LP군과 거의 비슷한 수준이었다. 특히 L군에서는 Pb 중독으로 인하여 hemo-globin 량이 정상 이하(10.37g/dl)로 감소되었으나 LG군에서는 L군에서와 같이 거의 정산 (12.32g/dl)을 유지하였다. L군의 혈액, 간장 및 신장의 납 합량은 각각 0.281, 0.250, 0.403ppm으로 대조군 보다 매우 높았으나 LG군은 대조군에 가깝게 그리고 LP군과는 거의 같은 수준(각각 0.182, 0.131, 0.253ppm)으로 낮아졌다. 이상의 실험 결과에서 마늘이 rat의 납중독에 미치는 효과를 N-acetyl penicillamine의 해독 효과와 비교할 때 마늘의 해독 효과라고 볼 수 있는 유의성있는 측정값들이 관찰되었다.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1309-1314
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• 2008

This study was undertaken to elucidate the antioxidant activity of the ethanol (EEPB) and water (WEPB) extracts of Prunus persica branches. The extracts contained a high phenolic content and revealed a potent hydrogen donating activity in DPPH scavenging assay. Compared to $\alpha$-tocopherol, EEPB (p < 0.001) and WEPB (p < 0.05) significantly inhibited $FeCl_2$-ascorbic acid-induced lipid peroxidation, and also exhibited potent antiradical activities against hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. In copper- and AAPH-mediated human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation systems, the extracts demonstrated a strong antioxidant function by metal chelating, rather than direct scavenging, action. Furthermore, EEPB at 5 ${\mu}g/mL$ concentration showed 80.77% inhibition of the electrophoretic mobility of LDL, compared to 77.69% for ascorbic acid and 76.92% for BHT. These results suggest that PB branch extracts may protect against oxidative stress-induced diseases.