• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2022

As environmental regulations are strengthened, automobile manufacturers continuously research lightweight structures based on carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP). However, it is difficult to see the effect of strength reinforcement when using a single CFRP material. To improve this, a hybrid laminate in which CFRP is mixed with the existing body structural steel was proposed. In this paper, CFRP patch reinforcement is applied to each compression/tensile action surface of a 22MnB5 metal sheet, and it was evaluated through a 3-point bending experiment. Progressive failure was observed in similar deflection on bending deformation to each one-sided reinforced specimen. After progressive failure, the tensile reinforced specimen was confirmed to separate the damaged CFRP patch and 22MnB5 sheet from the center of the flexure. The compression reinforced specimen didn't separate that CFRP patch and 22MnB5, and the strength reinforcement behavior was confirmed. In the compression reinforced specimen, damaged CFRP patches were observed at the center of flexure during bending deformation. As a result of checking the specimen of the compression reinforcement specimen with an optical microscope, It is confirmed that the damaged CFRP patch and the reinforced CFRP patch overlapped, resulting in a concentrated load. Through the experimental results, the 22MnB5 strength reinforcement characteristics according to the reinforcement position of the CFRP patch were confirmed.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.147-155
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• 2008

Because of increased nonpoint source runoff potential at highland agricultural fields of Kangwon province, effective agricultural management practices are required to reduce the inflow of sediment and other nonpoint source pollutants into the water bodies. The watershed-scale model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), model has been used worldwide for developing effective watershed management. However, the SWAT model simulated sediment values are significantly affected by the number of subwatershed delineated. This result indicates that the SWAT estimated watershed characteristics from the watershed delineation process affects the soil erosion and sediment behaviors. However, most SWAT users do not spend time and efforts to analyze variations in sediment estimation due to watershed delineation with various threshold value although topography falsification affecting soil erosion process can be caused with watershed delineation processes. The SWAT model estimates the field slope length of Hydrologic Response Unit (HRU) based on average slope of subwatershed within the watershed. Thus the SWAT ArcView GIS Patch, developed by using the regression relationship between average watershed slope and field slope length, was utilized in this study to compare the simulated sediment from various watershed delineation scenarios. Four watershed delineation scenarios were made with various threshold values (700 ha, 300 ha, 100 ha, and 75 ha) and the SWAT estimated flow and sediment values were compared with and without applying the SWAT ArcView GIS Patch. With the SWAT ArcView GIS Patch applied, the simulated flow values are almost same irrespective of the number of subwatershed delineated while the simulated flow values changes to some extent without the SWAT ArcView GIS Patch applied. However when the SWAT ArcView GIS Patch applied, the simulated sediment values vary 9.7% to 29.8% with four watershed delineation scenarios, while the simulated sediment values vary 0.5% to 126.6% without SWAT ArcView GIS applied. As shown, the SWAT estimated flow and sediment values are not affected by the number of watershed delineation significant compared with the estimated flow and sediment value without applying the SWAT ArcView GIS Patch.

• Clean Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2018

This study presents a novel and eco-friendly process that can precisely control the location of the patches on the patch particles. The method of manufacturing these anisotropic hexagram patch particles consists of sequential combinations of two separate methods such as a sequential micromolding technique for fabricating patch particles and a selective localization method for controlling the location of patches on the patch particles. The micromolding technique was carried out using physicochemically stable material as a micromold. In order to fabricate the highly stable patch anisotropic hexagram particles, the perfluoropolyether (PFPE) micromold was used to the process of the micromolding technique because they could prevent the problem of diffusion of hydrophobic monomers while conventional poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) micromold is limited to prevent the problem of diffusion of hydrophobic monomers. Based on combination methods of the micromolding technique and the selective localization method, the reproducibility and stability have been improved to fabricate 12 different types of anisotropic hexagram patch particles. This fabrication method shows the unique advantages in eco-friend condition, easy and fast fabrication due to less number of process, the feasibility of a mass production. We believe that these anisotropic hexagram patch particles can be widely utilized to the field of the directional self-assembly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.356-362
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• 2010

When pine (Pinus densiflora) needles were fractionated into cold water (PD-CW), hot water (PD-HW) and methanol extract (PD-M), PD-M showed potent simulating activity (1.19-fold of the saline control) for proliferation of bone marrow cells mediated by Peyer's patch cells in vitro. MeOH extracts were prepared by homogenization, stirring or reflux to identify the method of methanol extraction, and MeOH extract by reflux method showed significantly highest intestinal immune system modulating activity (1.30-fold) in vitro. The intestinal immune system modulating effect of orally administered PD-M fractionated from pine needles also were studied in mice. Analyzing intestinal immune system modulating activity mediated Peyer's patch cells from C3H/He mice which had been fed with PD-M at different doses for 7 days, 1.0 g/kg of BW/day indicated that the bone marrow cells had proliferated (3.65-fold of 3% EtOH administered group). In addition, the amounts of IL-6 in the culture supernatant of Peyer's patch cells at 1.0 g/kg of BW/day were increased (1.13-fold) whereas the production of GM-CSF was not dose dependent. These results indicate that oral administration of PD-M enhances the secretion of hematopoietic growth factors such as GM-CSF and IL-6 from Peyer's patch cells, and these cytokines also act on modulator of bone marrow cell proliferation.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.196-200
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• 2016

Symptoms of summer patch were observed on Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) cv. "Midnight II" from mid-June in 2015 in Seoul, Korea. The symptoms appeared as leaf blight, root rot, and frog-eye patch, which are typical of summer patch. To identify the causal agent of these symptoms, a pathogen was isolated from diseased leaves and roots, and the cultural, morphological, and phylogenetic characteristics were analyzed. The isolate reached 50-60 mm on potato dextrose agar (PDA) after 10 days as a white-grey mycelium with septa, and became olive-green or brown from the center. Phialide-like structures were observed at the ends of hyphae, and conidia were rarely observed. A phylogenetic analysis was conducted based on large subunit (LSU) and RNA polymerase II large subunit (RPB1) sequences. According to this analysis, the isolated pathogen was confirmed to be Magnaporthiopsis poae. In a pathogenicity test, summer patch symptoms were observed at 20 days after inoculation using the same grass cultivar. This is the first report of summer patch disease caused by M. poae on cool season grass in Korea.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.07c
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• pp.2058-2060
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• 2004

In this paper, circular polarized antennas of Tx 30GHz and Rx 20GHz are implemented in LTCC process. Tx antenna has a circular patch structure and Rx antenna has a ring patch structure. The feeding line of Tx antenna is placed in the center hole of Rx ring patch antenna which is printed under Tx circular patch antenna layer. It makes antenna size smaller. Tx antenna's return loss in under -10dB level from 30GHz to 31GHz and Rx antenna is under -10 dB from 20GHz to 21GHz. The isolation between two antennas is less than -20dB. Axial ratio is less than 3dB though out each band.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.354-361
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate whether several composted liquid manures (CLMs) are useful for biological control of large patch on zoysiagrass and investigate the chemical and biological factors to suppress large patch in soil treated with CLMs. The CLMs were produced at 4 different facilities for livestock excretion treatments located in Korea. Field experiments were carried out at 5 golf courses located near each facility. CLM and Chemical fertilizer (CF: water soluble fertilizer, 20-20-20) were applied four and three times with N at $12g\;m^{-2}$ per year, respectively. There was significant increase of concentration of K, Na, and Cu of soil treated with CLM compared to CF treatment. Among experimental plots, CN and GG2 plot sites were shown significant higher effect of biological control 80% and 50% respectively against large patch disease. The number of bacteria, Actinomycetes, and fungi in soil at these sites significantly increased and fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity was enhanced, while the soil was treated with CLM. The results of this study demonstrated that CLM application has effect on soil to suppress large patch and reduce the use of fungicide in environment-friendly turf management.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.779-783
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• 2012

In this paper, we studied the design and fabrication of $2{\times}2$ array-type microstrip patch antenna to be used in wireless communication systems operating at around 5GHz band. To obtain wide bandwidth and high gain, antenna parameters such as patch size, inter patch space are simulated by HFSS(High Frequency Structure Simulator). From these parameters, the $2{\times}2$ array-type microstrip patch antenna is fabricated using FR-4 substrate. The measured results of the antenna are as follows: The center frequency of 5.06GHz, insertion loss of -44dB, bandwidth of 200MHz, and VWSR of 1.1.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.497-500
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• 2000

There are many researches to increase bandwidth of the microstrip patch antenna for wireless LAN. In spite of broad bandwidth, Bow-Tie microstrip patch antenna, broadband microstrip patch antenna, has disadvantages that are low gain and big size. In this paper, stacked Bow-Tie microstrip patch antenna for wireless LAN is designed in 5.725∼5.825㎓ band. This antenna has characteristics that are broadband bandwidth, high gain and small size compared with microstrip patch antenna. In simulated results, the return loss is -34.2㏈ at 5.78㎓ and bandwidth is 11.345% for VSWR 2：1 and 7.75% for VSWR 1.5：1. In measured results, the return loss is -38.45㏈ at 5.78㎓ and bandwidth is 13% for VSWR 2：1 and 5.6% for VSWR 1.5：1. It has 59.37$^{\circ}$-3㏈ beam width and 6.5㏈ gain.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.687-701
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• 2020

In the production of industrial fabric, it needs automatic real-time system to detect defects on the fabric for assuring the defect-free products flow to the market. At present, many visual-based methods are designed for detecting the fabric defects, but they usually lead to high false alarm. Base on this reason, we propose a Sobel operator combined with patch statistics (SOPS) algorithm for defects detection. First, we describe the defect detection model. mean filter is applied to preprocess the acquired image. Then, Sobel operator (SO) is applied to deal with the defect image, and we can get a coarse binary image. Finally, the binary image can be divided into many patches. For a given patch, a threshold is used to decide whether the patch is defect-free or not. Finally, a new image will be reconstructed, and we did a loop for the reconstructed image to suppress defects noise. Experiments show that the proposed SOPS algorithm is effective.