• BMB Reports
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.609-618
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• 2005

$\gamma$-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2.) catalyzes the transfer of the $\gamma$-glutamyl moiety from $\gamma$-glutamyl containing ompounds, notably glutathione (GSH), to acceptor amino acids and peptides. A second gene (GGTII) encoding GGT was previously isolated and characterized from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In the present work, the GGTII-lacZ fusion gene was constructed and used to study the transcriptional regulation of the S. pombe GGTII gene. The synthesis of $\beta$-galactosidase from the GGTII-lacZ fusion gene was significantly enhanced by NO-generating SNP and hydrogen peroxide in the wild type yeast cells. The GGTII mRNA level was increased in the wild-type S. pombe cells treated with SNP. However, the induction by SNP was abolished in the Pap1-negative S. pombe cells, implying that the induction by SNP of GGTII is mediated by Pap1. Fermentable carbon sources, such as glucose (at low concentrations), lactose and sucrose, as a sole carbon source, enhanced the synthesis of $\beta$-galactosidase from the GGTII-lacZ fusion gene in wild type KP1 cells but not in Pap1-negative cells. Glycerol, a non-fermentable carbon source, was also able to induce the synthesis of $\beta$-galactosidase from the fusion gene, but other non-fermentable carbon sources such as acetate and ethanol were not. Transcriptional induction of the GGTII gene by fermentable carbon sources was also confirmed by increased GGTII mRNA levels in the yeast cells grown with them. Nitrogen starvation was also able to induce the synthesis of $\beta$-galactosidase from the GGTII-lacZ fusion gene in a Pap1-dependent manner. On the basis of the results, it is concluded that the S. pombe GGTII gene is regulated by oxidative and metabolic stress.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6697-6704
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• 2015

Background: The burden of breast and cervical cancer is changing over time in developing countries. Regular screening is very important for early detection and treatment. In this study, we assessed inequalities in breast and cervical cancer screening rates in women according to household wealth status, and analyzed the potential predictors associated with a low cancer screening rate in Jordan. Materials and Methods: A nationwide populationbased cross-sectional survey collected information on different variables at the national level. All ever-married women (the phrase is used throughout the text to refer to women who had ever married) aged 15-49 years were included in the survey. Analysis of breast self-examination (BSE) and clinical breast examination (CBE) at least once in the previous year was carried out in 11,068 women, while lifetime Pap-smear testing was carried out in 8,333 women, aged 20-49 years. Results: Over 39% and 19% of ever-married Jordanian women reported having undergone a breast examination during the previous year and Pap smear examination at least once in their lifetime, respectively. The rate of BSE in the previous year was 31.5%, that of CBE in the previous year was 19.3%, and that of Pap smear examination at least once in life was 25.5%. The adjusted OR was higher for performing BSE (aOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.04-1.43), undergoing CBE (aOR 1.31, 95% CI 1.08-1.60) and undergoing Pap smear examination (aOR 2.38, 95% CI 1.92-2.93) among women in the highest wealth-index quintile as compared to those in the lowest quintile. The concentration index was 0.11 for BSE, 0.01 for CBE, and 0.27 for Pap smear examination. Women in their twenties, living in rural or the southern region of Jordan, with an elementary school education or less, who listened to the radio or read the newspaper not more than a few times a year, and nulliparous women were less likely to undergo breast and cervical cancer screening. Conclusions: The rates of breast and cervical cancer screening are low in Jordan. Reducing the sociodemographic and economic inequalities in breast and cervical cancer screenings requires concerted outreach activities for women living under socially deprived conditions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.905-910
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• 2014

Aims: To determine the status of women's perception and attitudes about cervical cancer and their thoughts on Kato's self-sampling device. Materials and Methods: This descriptive research was conducted between July-December 2012 with a study populationof married women older than 18 years. Results: A total of 246 women volunteered, with a mean age of $34.9{\pm}9.22$ (19-52). In the last year, 52.0% had been examined by a gynecologist to address a complaint or for a periodic health check. Of the 118 who had not had a gynecological examination, 42.4% indicated negligence, 26.3% stated the reason was no complaint, 14.4% feared they might receive bad results from the examination, and 8.5% stated that were shy or embarrassed. Of all of the women, 35.0% answered that they had information about cervical cancer, and 0.7% had heard about the HPV vaccine. No one in their families had received the vaccine. Of the women, 28.5% had had a Pap smear, and 71.4% of those had normal results. Of those who had never had a Pap smear, 47.2% had never heard about the test; 18.8% explained the reason for not having a test as shyness or embarrassment with a male doctor. None of the women had heard about Kato's device. Once the women were informed, 73.6% expresseed interest in use; 51.9% answered they could use it and not be embarrassed, 30.9% would use it because they did not have to see a doctor, and 17.1% would use it as it allows them to take a smear in all conditions and whenever they want. Of the women, 60.0% thought that they could not successfully use Kato's device; 40.0% thought that a smear should be taken by a doctor. Conclusions: Most of the women in our population had never had a Pap smear and wanted to use the Kato's device.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.74-84
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• 2021

Objective: Feed additives that modify rumen fermentation can be used to prevent metabolic disturbances such as acidosis and optimize beef cattle production. The study evaluated the effects of liquid and powdered forms of polyclonal antibody preparation (PAP) against Streptococcus bovis and Fusobacterium necrophorum on rumen fermentation parameters in ruminally cannulated non-lactating dairy cows that were adapted or unadapted to a high concentrate diet. Methods: A double 3×3 Latin square design was used with three PAP treatments (control, powdered, and liquid PAP) and two adaptation protocols (adapted, unadapted; applied to the square). Adapted animals were transitioned for 2 weeks from an all-forage to an 80% concentrate diet, while unadapted animals were switched abruptly. Results: Interactions between sampling time and adaptation were observed; 12 h after feeding, the adapted group had lower ruminal pH and greater total short chain fatty acid concentrations than the unadapted group, while the opposite was observed after 24 h. Acetate:propionate ratio, molar proportion of butyrate and ammonia nitrogen concentration were generally greater in adapted than unadapted cattle up to 36 h after feeding. Adaptation promoted 3.5 times the number of Entodinium protozoa but copy numbers of Streptococcus bovis and Fibrobacter succinogens genes in rumen fluid were not affected. However, neither liquid nor powdered forms of PAP altered rumen acidosis variables in adapted or unadapted animals. Conclusion: Adaptation of cattle to highly fermentable carbohydrate diets promoted a more stable ruminal environment, but PAP was not effective in this study in which no animal experienced acute or sub-acute rumen acidosis.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.611-619
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• 2021

다공성 아스팔트 포장은 혼합물 속에 포함된 20%정도의 공극으로 인해 도로의 수막현상을 억제하여 교통사고를 줄이고 교통소음을 획기적으로 줄이는 등 다양한 순기능을 갖는다. 그러나 다공성 아스팔트 혼합물은 혼합물 속에 포함된 20% 정도의 공극 때문에 혼합물의 내구성이 취약하게 되며, 이러한 취약한 내구성이 다공성 포장의 적용을 확장하는데 제약요인이 되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 다공성 포장의 내구성을 향상시키기 위해 최대입경, 온도 그리고 공극률의 변화가 혼합물의 균열저항성 및 수분민감성 등 혼합물의 내구성에 미치는 영향을 평가하는 것이다. 다공성 아스팔트 혼합물의 내구성을 평가하기 위해 간접인장강도를 균열저항성 및 수분민감성의 척도로 설정하였다. 공극률이 20%로 동일하고 최대입경이 13mm, 10mm, 8mm인 혼합물에 대하여 상온과 동결융해를 경험한 시료에 대하여 간접인장강도 시험을 실시하였다. 그리고 최대입경 10mm인 동일한 재료로 공극이 20%와 22%인 혼합물에 대하여 동일한 시험을 실시하였다. 실험결과 공극률은 20%로 동일하고 최대입경의 변화와 온도의 변화에 유의한 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 실험온도에 대해서는 상온과 저온에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 최대입경의 변화에 대해서는 상온에서 8mm보다 13mm가 분명히 높은 강도를 보이고 저온에서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그리고 공극률과 온도의 변화에 대한 실험에서는 온도에 대해서는 유의한 차이를 보였지만 20%와 22% 사이의 2% 공극 차이는 내구성에 유의한 차이를 보이지 못했으며 서로간의 교호작용도 없는 것으로 나타났다. 앞으로 다공성 아스팔트 혼합물의 내구성에 미치는 요소들의 정량적인 평가를 통해 보다 내구성 있는 다공성 아스팔트포장을 개발해 나갈 필요가 있다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.300-308
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• 2000

목적 :자궁경부암은 우리나라 여성에서 가장 많은 발생을 보이는 악성종양으로 비교적 완치율이 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. 자궁경부암의 치료는 병원 마다 매우 다양해졌으나 방사선에 의한 치료가 주이며 높은 완치율을 얻고있다. 치료의 실패는 대부분 3년이내에 일어나며, 국소재발시에는 자궁방 결합조직에서 더 많이 재발하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 이에 저자들은 방사선치료를 받은 자궁경부암 환자를 대상으로 이들의 치료성적과 재발여부를 후향적으로 분석하여 생존률과 재발에 영향을 미치는 인자들을 분석하여 보았다. 대상 및 방법 : 1981년 1월 1일부터 1998년 12월 31일까지 고려대학교 방사선 종양학과에서 자궁경부암으로 방사선 치료를 받은 970명중 추적관찰이 가능했던 827명을 대상으로 하였다. 대상환자는 방사선 단독치료군과 수술후 방사선치료군으로 나누었으며 각 환자에 대하여 나이, 임상적 병기, 세포병리학적 소견, 재발유무 등이 치료결과에 미치는 영향을 알아보았고 특히 치료 후 자궁경부질세포진검사(Papanicolaou smear; Pap smear), 배아성항원(carcinoembryogenic antigen; CEA)와 편평상피 암종항원(squamous cell carcinoma antigen; SCC antigen) 수치가 생존률과 국소재발에 유의한 인자인가를 알아보았다. 결과: 전체환자의 평균나이는 51.3세(방사선 단독치료존 53.1세, 수술 후 치료곰 48.3세)였고, 평균 추적관찰기간은 38.6개월(방사선 단독치료군: 38.8개월, 수술후 치료군: 38.4개월)이었다. 방사선 단독치료군의 경우 대상환자는 521명이었고, 임상병기는 CIS; 5명, IA; 3명, IB; 36명, IIA; 77명, IIB; 284명, IIIA; 31명, IIIB; 47명, IVA; 21명, IVB; 3명, 재발암 14명이었다. 세포병리학적 소견상 편평상피암 495명, 선세포암 23명이었고 완치상태로 추적관찰된 환자는 314명(60.3$\%$), 국소재발: 47명(9$\%$), 대동맥 림프절전이; 28명(5$\%$), 폐전이: 19명(4$\%$), 골전이: 12명(2$\%$)이었다. 수술 후 치료군은 326명이었고 임상병기는 CIS; 6명, IA: 50명, IB: 181명, IIA; 46명, IIB; 43명이었다. 세포병리학적 소견상 편평상피암: 291명, 선세포앓 32명이었고, 완치상태로 추적관찰된 환자는 276명(85$\%$), 국소재발 8명(2$\%$), 대동맥 림프절전이: 7명(2$\%$), 폐전이: 10명(3$\%$), 골전이; 10(3$\%$)이었다. 전체환자를 대상으로 분석한 결과 5년 생존율은 71.2$\%$(방사선 단독치료군: 55.8$\%$, 수술 후 치료군: 88.1$\%$)였고 생존율에 있어서는 단변량분석상 임상병기(p=0.0001), 재발유무(p=0.0001), 방사선치료 후 자궁경부질세포진검(p=0.0329), CEA수치($\geq$5 ng/ml, p=0.00001), SCC수치$\geq$2 ng/ml, p=0.0001)가 의미있는 인자로 나타났고, 재발율에 있어서는 CEA가 $\geq$5 ng/ml인 경우, SCC는 $\geq$2 ng/ml인 경우가 2$\~$3배 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 방사선치료 후 Pap smear, CEA, SCC는 생존율과 재발율에 모두 비교적 의미있게 작용하는 예후인자로 나타나 앞으로 방사선치료 후 환자의 추적관찰시 자궁경부암의 국소재발과 전이 그리고 생존률을 미리 예견할 수 있는 지표로 삼을 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 1994년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.60-60
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• 1994

No Abstract, See Full Text

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2000

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis(PAP) is a rare disease in which the alveolar spaces are filled with an eosinophilic, PAS-positive material, whereas the interstitial architecture of the lung usually remains unaffected. Although a definitive diagnosis is usually made by an open lung biopsy, bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) cytology may play a decisive role in the diagnosis and therapy of these patients and may spare a patient a more invasive diagnostic procedure. The author presents a patient in whom BAL cytology specimen contained the characteristic globules of amorphous proteinaceous PAS-positive material accompanied by background of rare macrophages and inflammatory cells. Ultrastructural study using BAL specimen can confirm the diagnosis of PAP.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.511-519
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• 2009

A matrix $P{\in}\mathbb{C}^{n{\times}n}$ is called a generalized reflection matrix if $P^*$ = P and $P^2$ = I. An $n{\times}n$ complex matrix A is said to be a reflexive (anti-reflexive) matrix with respect to the generalized reflection matrix P if A = PAP (A = -PAP). It is well-known that the reflexive and anti-reflexive matrices with respect to the generalized reflection matrix P have many special properties and widely used in engineering and scientific computations. In this paper, we give new necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the reflexive (anti-reflexive) solutions to the linear matrix equation AXB + CY D = E and derive representation of the general reflexive (anti-reflexive) solutions to this matrix equation. By using the obtained results, we investigate the reflexive (anti-reflexive) solutions of some special cases of this matrix equation.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.94-99
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• 2008

Segmentation for the region of nucleus in the image of uterine cervical cytodiagnosis is known as the most difficult and important part in the automatic cervical cancer recognition system. In this paper, the region of nucleus is extracted from an image of uterine cervical cytodiagnosis using the HSI model. The characteristics of the nucleus are extracted from the analysis of morphemetric features, densitometric features, colormetric features, and textural features based on the detected region of nucleus area. The classification criterion of a nucleus is defined according to the standard categories of the Bethesda system. The fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm is employed to the extracted nucleus and the results show that the proposed method is efficient in nucleus recognition and uterine cervical Pap-Smears extraction.