• 미생물학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2003

호흡기 바이러스 분리 및 항원분석을 통하여 미래의 백신개발 및 항원 분석을 위한 역학적 자료를 제공하고자 2000~2001년 사이의 급성 호흡기 감염증 환자를 대상으로 호흡기 바이러스를 분리하여 그 특성을 조사하였다. 2000년도에 분리된 바이러스는 충 43주로서, 이 중 39주의 인플루엔자바이러스가 분리되었으며, A형이 23주, B형이 16주 관찰되었으며, 또한 아데노바이러스가 4주 관찰되었다. 그리고 2001년도에는 총 56주의 바이러스가 분리되었는데, 이는 모두 인플루엔자 바이러스로 확인되었다. 분리된 인플루엔자 바이러스의 주요항원별 특징으로는 A/Sydney/05/97(H3N2)-like, A/Beijing/262/95(H1N1)-like, 및 B/Harbin07/94-like가 2000년에, A/Panama/253/99(H3N2)-like 및 A/Newcaledonia/2007/99(H1N1)-like가 2001년에 분리되었으며, 아데노바이러스는 1, 2, 5형의 혈청형이 발견되었다. 분리된 바이러스의 성별 발생분포는 2000년에 남성환자 14명(32.56%), 여성 환자 23명(67.44%), 2001년에 남성환자 23명(41.07%), 여성환자33명(58.93%)이 발생하여 2000년과 2001년 모두 여성환자의 발생율이 비교적 높게 나타났다. 연령별 발생분포는 2000년에는 0-1세 사이에서 48.84%로 대부분을 차지하였으나, 2001년에는 l1∼20세 사이에서 33.93%로 비교적 높은 발생율을 나타내었으며, 그 외 연령별로는 비슷한 발생율을 나타내었다. 월별 발생분포는 2000년에는 1월에 한차례 높았다가 다시 4월에 다소 높은 발병율을 나타내었으며, 6월까지 낮은 비율이지만 다양한 바이러스가 출현하였다. 반면 2001년에는 2월과 3월에 집중적으로 발생하였으며 H3N2가 강력한 발병율은 나타내면서 주로 이른봄에 발생하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1527-1552
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• 2018

The rapidly-evolving demand of applications using wireless sensor networks in several areas such as building and industrial automation or smart cities, among other, makes it necessary to determine and provide QoS support mechanisms which can satisfy the requirements of applications. In this paper we propose a mechanism that establishes different QoS levels, based on Publish/Subscribe model for wireless networks to meet application requirements, to provide reliable delivery of packet and timeliness. The first level delivers packets in a best effort way. The second one intends to provide reliable packet delivery with a novel approach for Retransmission Timeout (RTO) calculation, which adjusts the RTO depending on the subscriber Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR). The third one provides the same reliable packet delivery as the second one, but in addition, it provides data aggregation trying to be efficient in terms of energy consumption and the use of network bandwidth. The last one provides timeliness in the packet delivery. We evaluate each QoS Level with several performance metrics such as PDR, Message Delivery Ratio, Duplicated and Retransmitted Packet Ratio and Packet Timeliness Ratio to demonstrate that our proposal provides significant improvements based on the increase of the PDR obtained.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2016

The interaction between the hull of ship and free surface of water generates important loads during slamming motion. In the present study, the slamming load applied on the sectional surface of two-dimensional arbitrary bodies has been investigated under several falling velocities. This simulation has been done with the commercial CFD software ANSYS FLUENT^®. Through the conventional MARINTEK experiments for the benchmark of the simulation, we verified the impact pressure values between the experiments and simulation results. Two arbitrary ship bow section models, Panamax-like(with small convex bulb and flare) and Post panamax-like(with large convex bulb and flare) are also investigated. Simulation results show that a maximum impact pressure on the Post panama-like shape is higher than the Panamax-like shape. According to both a lump of water generated by arbitrary shape and various dead-rise angles of the shape, the pressure picks were enhanced in the simulation.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.579-590
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• 2018

Shipping of North Korea is not yet publicly well documented. Taedong River, the most important sea route of North Korea, is selected as a model study area to show how effectively a remote place can be investigated through the application of satellite-based Automatic Identification System (S-AIS) for understanding shipping and tracks of vessels which passed the lock gate in the Taedong River and visited the nearby ports on its track. S-AIS data of the year 2014 were analyzed on the basis of various time periods, country of registry and category of ships. A total of 325 vessels were observed. The ships under the flags of North Korea, Cambodia and Sierra Leone were found to be dominant in frequencies which accounted for 43.08%, 16.00%, and 8.92%, respectively. Trajectories of the 325 ships in the Yellow Sea were also checked according to the flags. It is concluded that some ships under the flags of Cambodia, Sierra Leone, Mongolia, Panama and Kiribati are regarded as flags of convenience, and ships without flag and ship type codes also comprised a remarkable portion out of the total ships.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.53-76
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• 2017

Korean businesses, and their legal representatives, have observed the improvements of enforcement of commercial judgments through arbitration over traditional collections litigation in U.S. Courts-due to quicker proceedings, exceptional cost savings and more predictable outcomes-in attaching assets within U.S. jurisdictions. But how are the 2016 interim measures implemented by the Arbitration Act of Korea utilized to avoid jurisdictional and procedure pitfalls of enforcement proceedings in the Federal Courts of the United States? Authors examine the necessary prerequisites of the U.S. Federal Arbitration Act as adopted through the New York Convention, to which Korea and the U.S. are signatories, as distinguished from the Panama Convention. Five common U.S. arbitration institutions address U.S. "domestic" disputes, preempting U.S. state law arbitrations, while this article focuses on U.S. enforcement of "international" arbitration awards. Seeking U.S. recognition and enforcement of Korean arbitral awards necessitates avoiding common defenses involving due process, public policy or documentary formality challenges. Provisional and conservatory injunctive relief measures are explored. A variety of U.S. cases involving Korean litigants are examined to illustrate the legal challenges involving non?domestic arbitral awards, foreign arbitral awards and injunctive relief. Suggestions aimed toward further research are focused on typical Korean business needs such as motions to confirm foreign arbitration awards, enforce such awards or motions to compel arbitration.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.167-173
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• 2002

For moving cargo between the North Pacific region and Northern European ports, the Northern Sea Route, along Russia's coastline, is 35-60% shorter than the traditionally used routes through the Suez and Panama Canals. In addition to its shorter distance, there exists and extensive ports and shipping infrastructure, and the potential for developing new markets in Russia and other northern countries including Korea and Japan. These incentives attracted considerable attention from the international shipping and shipbuilding industries and have formed a cooperative international research program, called as the International Northern Sea Route Programme (INSROP). This paper is a general compilation of the historical usage, recent trade developments, the physical environment, and the practical considerations that may shape future operational mode of shipping in the NSR based on results from INSROP reports. This study focuses mainly on an operation of commercial icebreaking vessels that may be utilized along the NSR.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.132-145
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• 2012

Mooring fittings mean various devices and fittings to safely fasten vessels to quays, jetties and sea-floating buoys, etc. They include mooing winches, capstans, chocks, fairleads, guide rollers, bollards, and bitts. Not only the seats and reinforced parts for the installation of fittings but also ropes and chains for mooring and chain stoppers can be also considered. Because of damages to mooring fittings during mooring directly related to large-scale accidents such as the drifting of vessels, mooring fittings with strength appropriate for the physical features of the vessels must be installed. The reinforcement of the vessels on which the mooring fittings are installed must be designed to withstand the loads transferred from the fittings as well. Also mooring fittings with efficient strength should be required because damaged ships lead to sea pollution such as oil or fuel oil spillage. This study has been performed by the Finite Element Method for two aspects of closed chocks which are divided into structure-supporting shapes and working load. In the case of structure-supporting shapes, they have been performed in the field of sheet and bulwark. As for working load, it has been analyzed according to working load direction such as chock's side and below. At first, strength analysis for unique closed chocks has been carried out by using the Finite Element Method, they are applied for the situation when vessels pass by the panama canal. And then the experiment has been done to verify the analyzed date obtained by FEM. The experimental results were found to be similar to the numerical results with up to 16% difference. On the basis of the results obtained, standardization has been carried out by the Finite Element Method for various sizes of closed chocks.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.231-239
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• 1995

Alley cropping field experiment has been carried out for 24 months in lime-stone based dryland farming area of southern Bali to study the chemical composition and nutritive value of 16 provenances of Gliricidia sepium The design was a completely randomized block: arrangement, consisted of 16 treatments (G. sepium provenances) and 6 blocks as replications with 12 plants per provenance. Of the 16 gliricidia provenances, six were from Mexico (M), four were from Guatemala (G), one each was from Colombia (C), Indonesia (I), Nicaragua (N), Panama (P), Costa Rica (R) and Venezuela (V). After 12 months establishment, the gliricidia were lopped at 150 cm height regularly 4 times a year, twice during the 4 months wet season and twice during the 8 months dry season. The highest ash, mineral, total soluble phenol, prussic acid and digestibility were in V1; the highest crude fiber component was in M39; the highest gross energy was in P13, while the highest organic matter was in M35. Based on the highest nutritive constituents, V1, C24 and G14 were ranked first, second and third respectively, while based on the lowest non-nutritive constituents C24, V1 and N14 were ranked first, second and third, respectively. The importance of such provenances as source of nutrients for the ruminant during the dry season were discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.195-200
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• 1995

The design of this field experiment was a completely randomized block arrangement, consisted of 16 treatments (Gliricidia sepium provenances) and 6 blocks as replications with 12 plants per provenance. Of the 16 gliricidia provenances, six were from Mexico (M), four were from Guatemala (G), and one each was from Colombia (C), Indonesia (I), Nicaragua (N), panama (P), Costa Rica (R), and Venezuela (V). After 12 months establishment the gliricidia were lopped regularly 4 times a year, twice during the 4 months wet season and twice during the 8 months dry season at 150 cm height. There was variation (p < 0.05) in stem elongation from 22 to 80 cm, leaf retained from 118 to 209%, branch number from 13 to 24, fodder yield from 1,015 to 1,671 g DW/plant and wood yield from 792 to 1,662 g DW/plant among the provenances; and such variations were affected by the seasons. Belen (N14), Retalhuleu (G14) and Bukit Bali (I) provenances were ranked first, second and third, respectively, measured in terms of leaf retention, stem elongation, fodder and wood yields during the wet and dry seasons.

• 복식
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.20-34
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• 2010

This study is intended to suggest the characteristic of dress and its ornament introduced in terms of naturalized words on Korean newspapers and magazines published from the age of enlightenment to the Independence(1876-1945). First of all, naturalized words in that period(1876-1945) can be classified into words originated in Japanese, words originated in western countries and borrowed words came from Japan. Borrowed words which came from Japan are almost related to Japan's traditional dress like Gudu, Gabang, Kimono, Nemaki, Ebijahagama, Hagama, Sirusibanden, Doriachi, Dombi, Sarumada, Sseumeeri, Doriachi, and Mombbe. Borrowed words originated in western countries are like Frock coat, Bonnet, Necktie, Chapeau, Scotch, Homespun, Chamois, Skirt, Spring Coat, Ribbon, Silk hat, Panama hat, Handbag, Pajama, Shawl, Apron, Cuffs, Pocket, Handkerchief, Morning coat, Combination-one piece, Rain Coat, Burberry, and Permanent, etc. Borrowed words came from Japan is Lasa[raxa], jokki[jaket], Les[lace], Veludo[velvet], Bbanss[pants], Oba[overcoat], Meliyas[medias], Shass[shirt], Manto[manteau], and Sebiro[civil clothes]. As we can see from the result of research, borrowed words from the age of enlightenment to the Independence was because of its special social situation, Japanese imperialism, they are divided into real western words and words came from Japan or Japanese. In terms of items, a lot of words related to men's suit and women's dress, accessory, etc. It confirms that men's dress was westernized in the whole part compared to partially westernized women's one. A lot of words used at that period are now adapted to Korean language and became the foundation of words used in the current dress and its ornament area.