• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.110-122
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study was to develop the Sasangin Diagnostic Questionnaire for Specialist(SDQ_S) and to evaluate the reliability and validity of SDQ_S for standardization of sasang constitutional diagnosis by korean medicine Specialist in clinical practice.Methods SDQ_S was developed through discussions of three sasang constitutional medical specialist. We recruited 210 subjects aged from 20 to 70, and conducted the evaluation of SDQ_S and sasang constitutional diagnosis. For the reliability test, internal consistency was examined by calculating the cronbach's α coefficient on 88 items excepted measurements of trunk, and independence and agreement was examined by chi-square test and McNemar test for 84 subjects which retested SDQ_S. For the validity test, discriminant functions was derived from the sample group(105 subjects), and they were applied to the test group(105 subjects). We identified the hit-ratio of SDQ_S in the test group.Results and Conclusions In the reliability test, the cronbach's α coefficient was 0.664 and 87 items(98.9%) have dependent relationships between 1st test and 2nd test. And 39 items(44.3%) have high agreements(0.8≤McNemar), 26 items(29.5%) have common agreements(0.4≤McNemar<0.8). In the validity test, four discriminant variables(Soeum Index, Taeeum Index, Torso Ratio I, Taeyang Index) were selected, and two discriminant functions were derived. Total hit-ratio was 74.2%, and hit-ratio of Taeeumin(76.7%) was higher than that of Soeumin(75.9%) and Soyangin(69.7%). SDQ_S has good reliability and validity for sasang constitutional diagnosis.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2006

We have developed a control electronics system for an infrared detector array of KASINICS (KASI Near Infrared Camera System), which is a new ground-based instrument of the Korea Astronomy and Space science Institute (KASI). Equipped with a $512{\times}512$ InSb array (ALADDIN III Quadrant, manufactured by Raytheon) sensitive from 1 to $5{\mu}m$, KASINICS will be used at J, H, Ks, and L-bands. The controller consists of DSP(Digital Signal Processor), Bias, Clock, and Video boards which are installed on a single VME-bus backplane. TMS320C6713DSP, FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array), and 384-MB SDRAM(Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory) are included in the DSP board. DSP board manages entire electronics system, generates digital clock patterns and communicates with a PC using USB 2.0 interface. The clock patterns are downloaded from a PC and stored on the FPGA. UART is used for the communication with peripherals. Video board has 4 channel ADC which converts video signal into 16-bit digital numbers. Two video boards are installed on the controller for ALADDIN array. The Bias board provides 16 dc bias voltages and the Clock board has 15 clock channels. We have also coded a DSP firmware and a test version of control software in C-language. The controller is flexible enough to operate a wide range of IR array and CCD. Operational tests of the controller have been successfully finished using a test ROIC (Read-Out Integrated Circuit).

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.79.2-79.2
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• 2012

SN 2011fe (also known as PTF 11kly) is a Type-1a supernova that appeared in M101, 2011 August. Being only 6.4 Mpc away, this supernova has been intensively observed by various facilities in the world. We monitored this supernova in UBVRI, grizY, and ZYJHK-bands using SNUO, LOAO, SOAO, CQUEAN/McDonald, UKIRT telescopes, and small telescopes in Korea and Mongolia. The monitoring observation is still ongoing, and the light curve has been accumulated over a year. We present the results of the long-term monitoring observation, together with a light-curve fitting result. We will also discuss our findings in terms of the usefulness of Type-Ia supernovae as a distance indicator.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.413-422
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• 2018

Soybean transgenic plants with ectopically expressed AtABF3 were produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and investigated the effects of AtABF3 expression on drought and salt tolerance. Stable Agrobacterium-mediated soybean transformation was carried based on the half-seed method (Paz et al. 2006). The integration of the transgene was confirmed from the genomic DNA of transformed soybean plants using PCR and the copy number of transgene was determined by Southern blotting using leaf samples from $T_2$ seedlings. In addition to genomic integration, the expression of the transgenes was analyzed by RT-PCR and most of the transgenic lines expressed the transgenes introduced. The chosen two transgenic lines (line #2 and #9) for further experiment showed the substantial drought stress tolerance by surviving even at the end of the 20-day of drought treatment. And the positive relationship between the levels of AtABF3 gene expression and drought-tolerance was confirmed by qRT-PCR and drought tolerance test. The stronger drought tolerance of transgenic lines seemed to be resulted from physiological changes. Transgenic lines #2 and #9 showed ion leakage at a significantly lower level (P < 0.01) than ${\underline{n}}on-{\underline{t}}ransgenic$ (NT) control. In addition, the chlorophyll contents of the leaves of transgenic lines were significantly higher (P < 0.01). The results indicated that their enhanced drought tolerance was due to the prevention of cell membrane damage and maintenance of chlorophyll content. Water loss by transpiration also slowly proceeded in transgenic plants. In microscopic observation, higher stomata closure was confirmed in transgenic lines. Especially, line #9 had 56% of completely closed stomata whereas only 16% were completely open. In subsequent salt tolerance test, the apparently enhanced salt tolerance of transgenic lines was measured in ion leakage rate and chlorophyll contents. Finally, the agronomic characteristics of ectopically expressed AtABF3 transgenic plants ($T_2$) compared to NT plants under regular watering (every 4 days) or low rate of watering condition (every 10 days) was investigated. When watered regularly, the plant height of drought-tolerant line (#9) was shorter than NT plants. However, under the drought condition, total seed weight of line #9 was significantly higher than in NT plants (P < 0.01). Moreover, the pods of NT plants showed severe withering, and most of the pods failed to set normal seeds. All the evidences in the study clearly suggested that overexpression of the AtABF3 gene conferred drought and salt tolerance in major crop soybean, especially under the growth condition of low watering.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.439-444
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• 2011

This study is aimed to extract the key role of port operation organizations for the development of region ports and identify the operating efficiency priorities of three ports such as Busan, Incheon and UIsan port operated by PA(port authority). The Factor Analysis(FA) and Fuzzy Method were used as the analysis methodes. As an important role of port authority and regional maritime affairs & port office, thirteen sub-evaluation factors and four top-level evaluation factors were selected using the FA. Among the top-level evaluation factors i.e. 'port security, information management', service for regional society and customers', 'port marketing' and 'customer attraction', the most important factor was identified as 'port marketing'. The total port efficiency was evaluated using these factors and Fuzzy Method. As a result, Busan ranked 1st, followed by Incheon and Ulsan.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate optimum conditions for the production of cellulose-degrading crude enzymes by an isolated marine bacterium. A marine microorganism producing an extracellular cellulose-degrading enzyme was isolated from the red seaweed, Grateloupia elliptica Holmes. The isolated bacterium was identified as Cellulophaga lytica by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence analysis and physiological profiling and designated as Cellulophaga lytica PKA 1005. The optimum conditions for the growth of Cellulophaga lytica PKA 1005 were pH 7, 2% NaCl, and $30^{\circ}C$ with 36 h incubation time. To obtain the crude enzyme, the culture medium of the strain was centrifuged for 30 min at $12,000{\times}g$ and $4^{\circ}C$, and the supernatant was used as crude enzyme. The optimum conditions for the production of the cellulose-degrading crude enzyme were pH 8, $35^{\circ}C$, 8% carboxyl methyl cellulose, and 60 h reaction time.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.278-285
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• 2016

Epidemiological studies have shown the association between transportation of live animals and the potential transmission of infectious disease between premises. This finding was also observed in the 2014-2015 foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in Korea. Furthermore, slaughterhouses played a key role in the global spread of the FMD virus during the epidemic. In this context, in-depth knowledge of the structure of direct and indirect contact between slaughterhouses is paramount for understanding the dynamics of FMD transmission. But the social network structure of vehicle movements to slaughterhouses in Korea remains unclear. Hence, the aim of this study was to configure a social network topology of vehicle movements between slaughterhouses for a better understanding of how they are potentially connected, and to explore whether FMD outbreaks can be explained by the network properties constructed in the study. We created five monthly directed networks based on the frequency and chronology of on- and off-slaughterhouse vehicle movements. For the monthly network, a node represented a slaughterhouse, and an edge (or link) denoted vehicle movement between two slaughterhouses. Movement data were retrieved from the national Korean Animal Health Integrated System (KAHIS) database, which tracks the routes of individual vehicle movements using a global positioning system (GPS). Electronic registration of livestock movements has been a mandatory requirement since 2013 to ensure traceability of such movements. For each of the five studied networks, the network structures were characterized by small-world properties, with a short mean distance, a high clustering coefficient, and a short diameter. In addition, a strongly connected component was observed in each of the created networks, and this giant component included 94.4% to 100% of all network nodes. The characteristic hub-and-spoke type of structure was not identified. Such a structural vulnerability in the network suggests that once an infectious disease (such as FMD) is introduced in a random slaughterhouse within the cohesive component, it can spread to every other slaughterhouse in the component. From an epidemiological perspective, for disease management, empirically derived small-world networks could inform decision-makers on the higher potential for a large FMD epidemic within the livestock industry, and could provide insights into the rapid-transmission dynamics of the disease across long distances, despite a standstill of animal movements during the epidemic, given a single incursion of infection in any slaughterhouse in the country.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.789-795
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• 2015

The new garden chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum Ramat.) cultivar 'Nuri Ball' was developed at Yesan Chrysanthemum Experiment Station of Chungcheongnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services in 2011. 'Nuri Ball' was bred through a cross between the '02-145-01' line as the female parent with yellow flower color and '02-04-32' as the male plant with white flower color in 2004. Three years of adaptation trials were conducted from 2006 to 2009 under natural conditions. This study compared the external shape type with that of 'White Miri' and conducted ploidy and RAPD (Random amplified polymorphic DNA) marker analyses. These tests showed that 'Nuri Ball' cultivar has its own characteristics compared with the control 'White Miri'. 'Nuri Ball' was a shrub type variety with semi-double flowers of 4.0 cm in width with white petals. It could produce 1025.2 flowers per plant in autumn. Compared with the control 'White Miri', 'Nuri Ball' was similar in terms of shape and color of flowers, but was different in flower size and number. The natural flowering time of 'Nuri Ball' was late September. It had very vigorous growth and an early budding plant. 'Nuri Ball' was demonstrated to be a new cultivar based on ploidy test and RAPD analysis. 'Nuri Ball' is intended for use as a bed chrysanthemum and expected to contribute to farm incomes in landscaping.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.67 no.12
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• pp.1626-1632
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• 2018

In this paper, we describe the fabrication and characterization of a hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) sensor based on palladium and copper (PdCu) electroplated laser induced graphene (LIG) electrodes. $CO_2$ laser was used to form LIG electrodes on a PI film. This fabrication method allows simple control of the LIG electrode size and shape. The PdCu was electrochemically deposited on the LIG electrodes to improve the electrocatalytic reaction with $H_2O_2$. The electrochemical performance of this sensor was evaluated in terms of selectivity, sensitivity, and linearity. The physical characterization of this sensor was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), which confirmed that PdCu was formed on the laser induced graphene electrode. In order to increase the sensor sensitivity, the Pd:Cu ratio of the electroplated PdCu was varied to five different values and the condition of highest amperometric current at an identical of $H_2O_2$ concentration was chosen among them. The resulting amperometric current was highest when the ratio of Pd:Cu was 7:3 and this Pd;Cu ratio was employed in the sensor fabrication. The fabricated PdCu/LIG electrode based $H_2O_2$ sensor exhibited a sensitivity of $139.4{\mu}A/mM{\cdot}cm^2$, a broad linear range between 0 mM and 16 mM of $H_2O_2$ concentrations at applied potential of -0.15 V, and high reproducibility (RSD = 2.6%). The selectivity of the fabricated sensors was also evaluated by applying ascorbic acid, glucose, and lactose separately onto the sensor in order to see if the sensor ourput is affected by one of them and the sensor output was not affected. In conclusion, the proposed PdCu/LIG electrode based $H_2O_2$ sensor seems to be suitable $H_2O_2$ sensor in various applications.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.36.2-36.2
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• 2018

Cosmic reionization era in the early universe was playing a leading part on making the present universe we know. However, we have not been able to reveal the main contributor to the cosmic reionization to date. Faint quasars have been mentioned as the alternative due to the uncertainty of the faint end slope of the quasars luminosity function. With the availability of the deep (~25mag) images from Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Strategic Program survey, we have tried to find more quasar with low luminosity in the ELAIS-N1 field. Faint quasar candidates were selected from several multi-band color cut criteria based on the track of the simulated quasar at z ~ 5. The Infrared Medium-deep Survey (IMS) and The UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS) - Deep Extragalactic Survey (DXS) provide J band information which is used to cover the relatively long wavelength range of quasar spectra. To search the reliable candidates with possible Lyman break, medium-band observation was performed by the SED camera for QUasars in EArly uNiverse(SQUEAN) in the McDonald observatory and Seoul National University 4k Camera(SNUCAM) in the Maidanak observatory. Photometric redshifts of the observed candidates were estimated from chi-square minimization. Also, we predicted the importance of the faint quasar to the cosmic reionization from the expected number density of the faint quasar.