• Mycobiology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.69-71
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• 2009

Clubroot symptoms occurred severely on roots of Pak-Choi (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis) grown in greenhouses in Gwangju city, Gyeonggi province, Korea in September, 2008. The incidence of the disease symptoms reached as high as 90% in three greenhouses investigated. The root galls collected from the greenhouses were sectioned using a scalpel and observed by light microscope. Many resting spores were found in the cells of the root gall tissues. Suspension of resting spores was prepared from the root galls and inoculated to roots of healthy Pak-Choi plants. Each of five resting spore suspensions caused clubroot symptoms on the roots, which were similar to those observed during the greenhouse survey. Resting spores of the pathogen were observed in the cells of the affected roots. The clubroot pathogen was identified as Plasmodiophora brassicae based on its morphological and pathological characteristics. This is the first report that Plasmodiophora brassicae causes clubroot of Pak-Choi.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.80-90
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• 2006

무선 인터넷 서비스가 다양화됨에 따라 핸드폰에 올라가는 시스템 소프트웨어들은 매우 복잡해지고 이에 따라 출시되는 시간도 오래 걸리게 되었다. 경쟁적인 휴대폰 시장에서는 새로운 서비스가 올라간 새 휴대폰을 빨리 시장에 출시하는 것이 중요하다. 이에 따라 휴대폰 개발사와 통신사는 어플리케이션과 운영 체제 사이의 통일된 실행 환경으로 모바일 핸드폰 플랫폼을 채택하려 한다. 본문에서는 한국의 최초 무선 인터넷 서비스 회시인 SK 텔레콤이 개발된 핸드폰 플랫폼인 T-PAK에 대해서 설명하도록 한다. T-PAK은 여러 어플리케이션과 서비스를 지원하기 위해 C와 C, 그리고 J2ME MIDP 까지 지원하는 일관된 API 집합들을 제공하고 있다. 이들 API 집합들은 전화 기능과 단말 리소스 관리 기능, 그리고 유연한 UI 기능을 포함하고 있으며 이들을 이용하여 T-PAK 이 핸드폰의 모든 기능을 가지게 하는 것이 가능했다. 또한 T-PAK에서는 이들 API 집합들을 구분된 DLL 형태로 가지고 있어서 내부에서 지원하는 동적 모듈 지원 기능을 이용하여 전파를 통하거나 케이블을 통해서 각자 확장하거나 업데이트 하는 것이 가능하다.

• 대한약리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.63-63
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• 2006

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.147-161
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• 1984

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.141-161
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• 1983

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.322-323
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• 1993

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.245-252
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• 2011

The combined effects of 10 kJ/$m^2$ ultraviolet-C (UV-C) with 50 ppm aqueous chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) on the qualities of red chicory and pak choi were examined. After the treatment, the samples were stored at $4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. The combined treatment of $ClO_2$/UV-C reduced the initial populations of total aerobic bacteria in the red chicory and pak choi by 2.64 and 2.55 log CFU/g, respectively, compared to those of the control. Also, the populations of yeast and molds in the red chicory and pak choi by combined treatment were reduced by 2.41 and 2.00 log CFU/g, respectively. In addition, after 7 days of storage the total aerobic bacteria populations in the red chicory and pak choi were reduced to 3.71 and 3.93 log CFU/g, compared to 6.31 and 6.62 log CFU/g for the control, resulting in a significant decrease. Hunter L, a, and b values of red chicory and pak choi were not significantly different among the treatments. Non-thermal treatment caused a negligible change in sensory evaluation. These results suggest that the combined treatment of 50 ppm $ClO_2$ with 10 kJ/$m^2$ UV-C can be useful for maintaining the qualities of red chicory and pak choi.

• Bulletin of Food Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.150-157
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• 2005

This article presents a review of indigenous medicinal plants used in folk medicine in Fergana valley (Uzbekistan) for treatment of gastro-intestinal problems. The 29 different plantsbelong to18 different plant spices are presented. The methods of preparation of remedies and utilized parts of plants are described.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.28-31
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• 1990

By using Pak's theory of liquid, a phenomenological theory of viscosity proposed by the authors is applied to liquids under high pressures. The calculated viscosities for various simple substances are in good agreements with those of the observed values over wide pressure ranges.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.159-165
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• 2012

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) are the major histological types of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Although both SCCs and ACs have been characterized histologically and clinically, the precise mechanisms underlying their migration and invasion are not yet known. Here, we address the involvement in NSCLC of the p21-associated kinase1 (Pak1)/LIM kinase1 (LIMK1)/cofilin pathway, which recently has been reported to play a critical role in tumor migration and invasion. The Pak1/LIMK1/cofilin pathway was evaluated in tumors from SCC (n=35) and AC (n=35) patients and in SCC- and AC-type cell lines by western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and in vitro migration and invasion assays. The levels of phosphorylated Pak1, LIMK1, and cofilin in lung tumor tissues from SCC patients were increased as compared to normal tissues. In addition, immunohistochemistry showed greater expression of phosphorylated cofilin in SCC tissues. Expression of phosphorylated Pak1 and LIMK1 proteins was also significantly higher in SCC-type cells than in AC-type cells. Moreover, migration and invasion assays revealed that a higher percentage of SCC type cells exhibited migration and invasion compared to AC type cells. Migration was also decreased in LIMK1 knockdown SK-MES-1 cells. These findings suggest that the activation of the Pak1/LIMK1/cofilin pathway could preferentially contribute to greater tumor migration and invasion in SCC, relative to that in AC.