• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.223-234
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• 2004

The aim of this study was to investigate intake of health foods and supplements and its associated factors in middle and old-aged adults in order to contribute to health promotion of Korean population by providing a guide for proper use of health foods and supplements. About 69% of the subjects reported that they were currently taking health foods and supplements or had experiences of having them in the past, whereas 31.2 % reported they had never taken them. The most commonly used type of health foods and supplements was vitamin C as reported by 41.8% followed by others such as lactobacillus products, multi-vitamins, tonic medicine and cardiotonic drug, artificially processed Ginseng foods, vitamin B complex, enzyme supplement, calcium, aloe, apricot extract products, chitosan products, loyal honey, squalene, refined fish oil and iron products. The major reason for taking health foods and supplements was 'to protect the weak constitution' with 155 (42.1%) responses, and the motive for the intake was the suggestion from family-relatives with 235 (63.9%) responses, and the place of purchase was pharmacy with 140 (38.0%) responses, the average monthly expense was 20,000-40,000 won with 140 (26.2%) responses, and effects after the intake was 'so and so' with 180 (33.6%) responses as the highest. More health foods and supplements were consumed as age and education were statistically significantly increased (p<0.05). For health and lifestyle and the intake of health foods and supplements, perceived health status, the presence of illness, and the presence of health management were statistically significant (p<0.05). Male subjects than female subjects and the 30s than the 405 and 50s were appeared to have poorer dietary behaviors (p<0.05). For the health locus of control and the intake of health foods and supplements, the health locus of control score was 22.82 for consumers and 22.79 for non-consumers, showing no significant difference. Logistic regression analysis was performed to find out major factors that affect the intake of health foods and supplements, in which gender, education, smoking, perceived health status, the presence of illness, and health management were significant to the intake of health foods and supplements. It is shown that subjects with perception and attitude of 'health foods and supplements are useful in health maintenance and disease prevention' and 'the information and variety for health foods and supplements are great' have higher probability of taking health foods and supplements.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.259-268
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• 2020

Eighteen catholic churches, built in the Chungbuk area(Cheongju diocese) under the jurisdiction of the American Maryknoll missioners in 1953-1969, are not constrained by specific architectural styles, unlike those built by other foreign Catholic missionary organizations. The same is true of Naedeok-dong cathedral in Cheongju, which is the highest hierarchy and representative church of the diocese. Nevertheless, it has unique architectural features that distinguish it from other churches in the diocese. This study examined what those features were, how they were embodied, and their origins. This study also shows that the features are common in the missioners' churches in Pyeogyang diocese in 1923-1942 and that Father James V. Pardy and the architect Tae-Bong Park, played a bridging role in having the same features between the Pyeogyang and Cheongju diocese. In conclusion, this study summarizes the significance of Naedeok-dong cathedral in relation to the missioners' ideology, in the history of the churches in 1923-1969 and Korean modern Catholic church architecture. To this end, a literature search that utilized mainly primary sources, such as newly discovered architectural drawings, photographs, and text related to the cathedral, was performed.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.25-34
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• 2017

In market-oriented, infinite competition era, even the world's top-tier companies can be collapsed suddenly. In order to continue to grow, a company must constantly introduce new value to the market. What is required in today's business environment is the manifestation of entrepreneurship. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and business performance and organizational commitment. The results of the empirical analysis are based on the data from companies which have more than 20,000 employees and 30 years business history. Structural Equation Modeling analysis was conducted to confirm the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship, business performance, and organizational commitment. Also, multiple Regression Analysis was conducted to confirm the relationship between entrepreneurial competency, corporate entrepreneurship performance, and management expectation performance. The causality between latent variables was significant. As a result, it was proved that entrepreneurial competencies had the significant effect on both corporate entrepreneurship performance and management expectation performance. Also, the study result was proved that organizational commitment showed the mediating effect between entrepreneurial competencies and corporate entrepreneurship performance. Based on the study results, the needs for developing individuals equipping entrepreneurial competencies was identified for increased business performance which was accomplished through the manifestation of entrepreneurship.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 1992

In the our country, especially in Yeongil and Wolsung area, abundant authigenic zeolites are found from the tuffaceous sediments and volcanic rocks of Miocene age showing wide variation in their mineralogy and abundance from horizon to horizon. The principal zeolite species identified are clinopti-lolite. mordenite. heulandite. ferrierite, and erionite. etc. Zeolite minerals are widely used in many countries in the following applications; (a) in air separation adsorption processes; (b)as desiccants; (c)in inorganic building materials; (d)in papermaking; (e)in fertilizers; (f)as soilconditioners-this application is based upon the ability of the zeolite to ion exchange with soil nutrients; (g)in the treatment of radioactive wastes; and (h)as adsorbents for toxic gases, etc. In the present paper, using natural zeolite mordenite treated with IN hydrochloric acid or IN sodium chloride solution as column packings, separation characteristics of argon, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane gases have been studied by gas chromatography. By the use of mordenite treated with hydrochloric acid solution, the tailing peak of methane showed from untreated mordenite was satisfactorily reduced, although it was difficult to separate it from carbon monoxide with a column activated at $300^{\circ}C$. Using a column activated at $350^{\circ}C$, methane could be separated from carbon monoxide easily but only carbon monoxide eluted as a bad defined peak. Mordenite treated with sodium chloride solution was generally similar to chromatograms obtained by using the untreated mordenite. Both the above chemical treatments of mordenite had little effect on the separations of argon and nitrogen. The separations and the HETP values obtained from natural zeolite mordenite treated with continuously hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride solutions were almost identical with those obtained with synthetic molecular sieve 5A zeolite. On the other hand, the efficiency of column was good in the range 20~3Oml/min of the carrier helium gas rate.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.199-208
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• 1998

This study forecasts the trend of ethnic theme through market survey, concentrating on Los Angeles market. First, the background of ethnic theme was examined, and the present situation of shops, department sores, and headquarter was also surveyed. After that, fashion trend suitable for market was suggested by analyzing the life style of consumers through zip code. The results of the study are as follows. The conspicuous trend of '97 F/W retail stores is ethnic. This reaction to complicated modern life, and symbolizes the desirable evaluation on the simpleness of basic life and nature. The model of ethnic design is identified in natural clothing, primitive arts, ethnic culture and African theme. In short, this ethnic fashion is expressed as simpleness, naturalism convenience and freedom. On the other hand, the standard of general department stores such as Broadway and Robinson May which are the headquarter of this trend is to satisfy various consumers with various styles. Ethnic goods from Broadway has not arrived at the top for its introducing step. To elevate sales of these goods, promotion through VMD and suggesting various ethnic goods should be done. Besides, when analyzing the consumers of Beverly center Broadway, the target of these goods are mostly professional young people in their 25-34 and 35-44. The life style of these people emphasizes sophisticated life in aspects such as job-oriented activities, and up-to-date fashion. Especially, image is very important. They want individuality different from others. These images are diversified from simpleness, naiveness to sexy character. Accordingly, suggesting fashion trend satisfying the demand of consumers through market survey will make fashion market create infinite possibilities.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.85-94
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between mothers' childhood experiences, satisfaction as a parent, spousal support in parenting and their children's perception of their child-rearing practices. The subjects were 321 fifth and sixth graders from two elementary schools in Seoul and their mothers. A revised version of the Mother-Father Peer Scale (MFPS; Epstein, 1983) was used to assess the mothers' child experiences. To measure parental satisfaction, the Parent Satisfaction Scale (PSS; Duke, Rose, & Halverson, 1997) was revised and used. A modified version of the Teamwork of Parenting Alliance Inventory (PAI; Abidin, 1988) was used to assess spousal support in parenting. A modified version of the Child-rearing Behaviors Questionaire (Park, 1995) was used to assess the mothers' child-rearing practices. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and a t-test. The results of this study were as follows. 1) Mothers who received a greater degree of independence encouragement and acceptance from their fathers tended to show more warmth/acceptance in their child-rearing practices than those who received a lesser degree of independence encouragement and acceptance from their fathers. Mothers who received a greater degree of independence encouragement from their own mothers tended to show more warmth/acceptance of their children but less permissiveness/nonintervention and rejection/restriction in their child-rearing practices when compared to those who received a lesser degree of independence encouragement from their own mothers. The mothers who received a greater degree of acceptance from their own mothers tended to show more warmth/acceptance of their children but less rejection/restriction in their child-rearing practices when compared to those who received a lesser degree of acceptance from their own mothers. 2) Mothers who had a greater degree of satisfaction as a parent tended to show more warmth/acceptance but less rejection/restriction in their child-rearing practices than those who had a lesser degree of satisfaction in parenting. 3) Mothers who received a greater degree of spousal support in parenting showed more warmth/acceptance in their child-rearing practices than those who received a lesser degree of spousal support.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.499-509
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• 2008

This study investigated the experience and practice of elementary school students on nutrition education. The data were collected from 217 male and female students attending 5-6th grade elementary schools in Seoul and Kyunggi-Do from March to June 2007, interviewing face to face by a nutrition teacher and 3 interns of a nutrition teacher. The results were as follows: 86.5% of the subjects learned about 'Table etiquette', 'Reasons for eating fruits and vegetables'(78.7%), 'Food waste and environment'(72.3%), 'Healthy snacks'(55.7%), 'Food sanitation'(52.3%), 'Food culture of foreign countries'(48.1%). Nutrition education experience was significantly different by gender. A total of 43.5% boys responded that they never learned about 'basic food preperation'(p<0.01). They had learned 'Nutrients for body' and 'Food waste and environment' in school, 'Healthy weight loss', 'Food culture of foreign countries', 'Food circulation' on television, Most content('Table etiquette', 'Simple cooking', 'Food sanitation', 'Eating behaviors for health', 'Reasons for eating fruits and vegetables', 'Healthy snacks') was learned from parents. The practice after nutrition education was higher in 'Table etiquette'(2.14), 'Eating fruits and vegetables'(2.07) than others compared with education experience. The most reason of non-practice on nutrition information was 'Troublesome'. In 'Nutrients for body', a boy answered 'Difficult for practice' 20.0%, a girl answered 'Difficult to understand' 32.6%, showing a significant difference between the gender groups(p<0.001). They remembered the 'Nutrients for body'(49.6%), 'Food sanitation'(44.5%) because of 'important content', 'Basic food preparation'(40.6%), 'Food culture of foreign countries'(36.3%) because of 'interesting content', 'Healthy weight loss'(52.0%), 'Eating behavior for health'(44.5%) and 'Healthy snacks'(33.7%) because of 'need for my health'.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.226-253
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• 2009

The study analyzes the trend of regional economic development disparity in China, sets up research period from 1952 to 2008, and uses the after-modified regional GDP data by the first national economic census in 2004. The results as follow. Firstly, the Coefficient of variation(CV) with after-modified GDP data lower than the pre-modified data. Secondly, generally speaking, after-reform and open period's disparity lower than pre-reform and open period. In particular, the regional development disparity increased slowly after 1990, not rapidly. Third, the new cycle of the inverse-U type is appeared from 2002. Fourth, compared with Herfindhal-Hirschman index(HHI) and Theil Entrophy index(TEI), the lower level regions more affect to reduce the disparity in 1980s, and it also affect to reduce the disparity after 2000. Fifth, the convergence hypothesis test finds that the regional economic development disparity has been converged in 1978-2008. Sixth, the inverse-U type hypothesis not has statistical significance, from 1952 to 2008, but it has statistical significance from 1991 to 2008. This result same as the CV and the convergence test.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.119-130
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• 1999

As Japanese economy has been well developed, the manpower problem of farmland has also become one of the largest and the most crucial issues in the overall agricultural policy of the Japanese Government. Particularly, the energetic younger generation and a core of agricultural labor force, has drastically decreased, while the weak older generation has increased. The severity of manpower shortage in agricultural sector led to create a farmer training programs which had been vigorously begun by the Yamagata Prefecture, and a center for promoting local autonomy. The major purpose of education for enhancement of status of future farmers as well as the welfare of core farmhousehold is to provide them with technical of vocational education to give training to those who want to become agricultural technicians, rural leaders of practical farmers Educational program for future and young farmers put emphasis on practical trainings which are directly applied to proper farm management. As a supporting policy for promoting future farmers' activities, Prefecture-level supports were strengthened to develop technical capability, managerial and supervisory ability, and the ability to lead organized activity so that the farm youth may operate modern farms with higher efficiency and greater specialization. Political consideration was also made to develop a rich sense of farm management as well as the adaptability necessary to introduce technical and managerial innovations. Methological measurements on how the Korean government has to do for solving the problem of agricultural manpower facing in farmland in Korea were noted.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.1-13
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• 2021

This study tried to suggest ways to improve the indicator system to strengthen the personal information protection. For this purpose, the components of indicator system are derived through domestic and foreign literature, and it was selected as main the diagnostic indicators through FGI/Delphi analysis for personal information protection experts and a survey for personal information protection officers of public institutions. As like this, this study was intended to derive an inspection standard that can be reflected as a separate index system for personal information protection, by classifying the specific IT technologies of the 4th industrial revolution, such as big data, cloud, Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence. As a result, from the planning and design stage of specific technologies, the check items for applying the PbD principle, pseudonymous information processing and de-identification measures were selected as 2 common indicators. And the checklists were consisted 2 items related Big data, 5 items related Cloud service, 5 items related IoT, and 4 items related AI. Accordingly, this study expects to be an institutional device to respond to new technological changes for the continuous development of the personal information management level diagnosis system in the future.