• Title/Summary/Keyword: PAD 변화

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Studies on the Changes of Oligosaccharide Contents in Rehmanniae Radix preparata According to Various Processing methods (포제에 따른 숙지황(熟地黃)의 당(糖) 성분 변화 연구)

  • Choi, Ho-Young;Kwon, Seung-Ro;Kim, Hyo-Geun;Ham, In-Hye;Lee, Jae-Jun;Lee, Je-Hyeon;Hong, Seon-Pyo;Kim, Do-Hoon
    • The Korea Journal of Herbology
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.261-270
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    • 2007
  • Objective : The 5-HMF was not index material suitable to do the quality control of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata. In this study, We estimated the changes of oligosaccharide contents in Rehmanniae Radix Preparata using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection(HPAEC-PAD). Methods : The analysis of oligosaccharide was conducted by HPAEC-PAD with Carbopac PA1, $250{\times}4mm$, 5um, and Carbopac PA1 guard column. Column temperature was kept at $30^{\circ}C$. Elution was carried out at 1000 ${\mu}l/min$ with 70mM NaOH and the injection volume was $10{\mu}l$. Each component was detected by PAD. Results : Nine constituents were found from merchandising Rehmanniae Radix Preparata(MR), while seven constituents were found in various processed Rehmanniae Radix Preparata. Not all constituents were defined but stachyose and raffinose were found in all cases. And The most common constituents of Rehmanniae radix was stachyose. In the course of processing, most of stachyose and raffinose were decreased. Stachyose was decreased slowly in the course of processing with rice wine(RR), amomi and rice wine(AR), and crataegi and rice wine(CR). However stachyose was decreased rapidly in the course of processing with fresh rehmannia juice(FR). The method with crataegi and rice wine(CR) showed the smallest decrease of stachyose. And processing method with crataegi and rice wine(CR) showed the most abundant amount for stachyose after the nineth processing. Conclusion : The changes of oligosaccharides in the course of processing were a very important direct barometers to do the quality control and set up a standard of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata.

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Application of Heat Balance Model Design of Ventilating and Cooling Greenhouse (온실의 환기 및 냉방 설계를 위한 열평형 모델의 작용)

  • 남상운
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.201-206
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    • 2000
  • A certain system to overcome high temperature should be introduced for the stable year-round cultivation in greenhouses. There are efficient methods to overcome high temperature such as ventilation system with shading screen, fan and pad system with screen, and fog system with screen. This study was carried out to find a means to determine the capacity of such system. Heat balance equations for each system were established and verified by experimental results. The calculated ventilation rates from heat balance equations showed a good agreement with the measured ones. The evapotranspiration coefficient was the most important parameter affecting the ventilation requirement among input parameter affecting the ventilation requirement among input parameters except weather data. When the evaportanspiration coefficient increased 1%, the ventilation requirement decreased 1.3%. Therefore the data of evapotranspiration coefficient should be accumulated by various experiments, and then design standards and selection guidelines should be provided. The simulation results for same design conditions shown that air exchanges requirement and evaporating water of fan and pad system were 5.1∼7.7% and 6.8∼9.3% larger than those of fog system, respectively.

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Studies on the Interfacial Reaction between Electroless-Plated UBM (Under Bump Metallurgy) on Cu pads and Pb-Sn-Ag Solder Bumps (Cu pad위에 무전해 도금된 UBM (Under Bump Metallurgy)과 Pb-Sn-Ag 솔더 범프 계면 반응에 관한 연구)

  • Na, Jae-Ung;Baek, Gyeong-Uk
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.10 no.12
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    • pp.853-863
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    • 2000
  • In this study, a new UBM materials system for solder flip chip interconnection of Cu pads were investigated using electroless copper (E-Cu) and electroless nickel (E-Ni) plating method. The interfacial reaction between several UBM structures and Sn-36Pb-2Ag solder and its effect on solder bump joint mechanical reliability were investigated to optimife the UBM materials design for solder bump on Cu pads. Fer the E-Cu UBM, continuous coarse scallop-like $Cu_{6}$ $Sn_{5}$ , intermetallic compound (IMC) was formed at the solder/E-Cu interface, and bump fracture occurred this interface under relative small load. In contrast, Fer the E-Ni/E-Cu UBM, it was observed that E-Ni effectively limited the growth of IMC at the interface, and the Polygonal $Ni_3$$Sn_4$ IMC was formed because of crystallographic mismatch between monoclinic $Ni_3$$Sn_4$ and amorphous E-Ni phase. Consequently, relatively higher bump adhesion strength was observed at E-Ni/E-Cu UBM than E-Cu UBM. As a result, it was fecund that E-Ni/E-Cu UBM material system was a better choice for solder flip chip interconnection on CU PadS.

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Three Dimensional Implementation of Intelligent Transportation System Radio Frequency Module Packages with Pad Area Array (PAA(Pad Area Array)을 이용한 ITS RF 모듈의 3차원적 패키지 구현)

  • Jee, Yong;Park, Sung-Joo;Kim, Dong-Yong
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.13-22
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    • 2001
  • This paper presents three dimensional structure of RF packages and the improvement effect of its electrical characteristics when implementing RF transceivers. We divided RF modules into several subunits following each subunit function based on the partitioning algorithm which suggests a method of three dimension stacking interconnection, PAA(pad area array) interconnection and stacking of three dimensional RF package structures. 224MHz ITS(Intelligent Transportation System) RF module subdivided into subunits of functional blocks of a receiver(RX), a transmitter(TX), a phase locked loop(PLL) and power(PWR) unit, simultaneously meeting the requirements of impedance characteristic and system stability. Each sub­functional unit has its own frequency region of 224MHz, 21.4MHz, and 450KHz~DC. The signal gain of receiver and transmitter unit showed 18.9㏈, 23.9㏈. PLL and PWR modules also provided stable phase locking, constant voltages which agree with design specifications and maximize their characteristics. The RF module of three dimension stacking structure showed $48cm^3$, 76.9% reduction in volume and 4.8cm, 28.4% in net length, 41.8$^{\circ}C$, 37% in maximum operating temperature, respectively. We have found that three dimensional PAA package structure is able to produce high speed, high density, low power characteristics and to improve its functional characteristics by subdividing RF modules according to the subunit function and the operating frequency, and the features of physical volume, electrical characteristics, and thermal conditions compared to two dimensional RF circuit modules.

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Effect of the Various Recovery Diets on the Body Composition of Protein-depleted Rat (각종 회복식이가 무단백식이를 섭취한 흰쥐의 체구성 성분에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Young-Ran;Suh, Dong-Hee;Kim, Mi-Kyung;Kim, Sook-He
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 1977
  • The changes of the total body composition, internal organs, skeletal muscles, and epididymal fat pad in rats fed protein depletion diet and 4 different recovery diets were examined. Seventy-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $212{\pm}2$ gr were used, and the results were as follows : A) After the 2 weeks of protein depletion, body weight decreased about 20% from the initial weight. It was mainey due to the total body lipid reduction. Among various organ weights, liver and spleen reduced $35{\sim}58%$, kidney and heart reduced $18{\sim}30%$, and muscles reduced $2{\sim}13%$, while brain, epididymal fat pad were not changed significantly. In regarding protein and lipid contents of these tissues, protein in liver, lipid in muscle, and both in spleen were markedly reduced. B) With the 2 weeks of feeding recovery diets, the increases of body weight were different among 4 Groups. High-fat group gained at the highest level (67%), and high-CHO group the lowest (30%). Total body composition (%) cf the standard and high-protein groups recovered to the level of 0 day protein depletion, while protein in the high-fat group and water in the high-CHO group decreased, and fat in these 2 groups increased. Weights of organs and muscles of the high-protein and high-fat groups were similar to the standard group and tllose of the high-CHO group were lower than the standard group. Composition of organs and muscle in the high-protein group was similar to the standard group, while the N contents of the high-fat and high-CHO groups were lower an the lipid content of the high-fat group was higher than the standard group. The weight and lipid content of epididymal fat pad were the highest in the high-fat group.

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Influence of External Air Velocity for Tribological Characteristics between Sintered Friction Material and Disk (외부 공기속도 변화에 따른 소결마찰재와 디스크간 마찰특성)

  • Kim, Young-Kyu;Kim, Sang-Ho;Kwon, Seok-Jin;Chung, Su-Young;Lee, Hi-Sung
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 2011.10a
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    • pp.975-985
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    • 2011
  • Cu-Matrix sintered brake pads and low alloyed heat resistance steel are most applied to basic brake system for high energy moving machine. In this research, we analyzed tribological characteristics for influence of air velocity between disk and pad. At low brake pressure with air flow, friction stability was decreased due to no formation of tribofilm at disk surface. But there are no significant change of friction coefficient at all test conditions. Wear rate of friction materials were decreased with increasing of air flow velocity. In result, air flow velocity influenced friction stability, wear rate of friction materials and disk but not friction coefficient.

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Structural Durability Analysis due to Hole Configuration Variation of Bike Disc Brake (자전거 디스크 브레이크 구멍 형상 변화에 따른 구조적 내구성 해석)

  • Han, Moonsik;Cho, Jaeung
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.44-49
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    • 2014
  • As expansion and contraction of bike disk brake are happened continuously by temperature at repeated urgent braking. In this study, 3 kinds of model are designed according to configurations of holes and thermal durabilities on bike disk brake are investigated by comparing 3 models through temperature and thermal analyses. Maximum thermal stress happened at the disk contacted with pad and the connection part fixing disk rotor. Instead of initial state, the temperature is uniformly distributed at transient state. As the area of hole at disk rotor face becomes wider, thermal stress becomes lower at the initial state. On the other hand, in case the number of holes increases, thermal stress becomes lower at the elapsed time of 100 seconds. The thermal durability of bike disk brake can be improved by applying this study result with configurations of holes.

Effects of Change of Wafer Shape through Heating on Chemical Mechanical Polishing Process (가열에 의한 웨이퍼 형상 변화가 CMP에 미치는 영향)

  • 권대희;김형재;정해도
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.85-90
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    • 2003
  • Removal rate and Within Wafer Non-Uniformity (WIWNU), the most critical issues in Chemical Mechanical Polish (CMP) process, are related to the pressure distribution, wafer shape, slurry flow, mechanical property of pad and etc. Among them, wafer warp generated by other various manufacturing process of wafer may induce the deviation of pressure distribution on the backside of wafer. In the convex shaped wafer the pressure onto the backside of wafer is higher than that of perfectly flat shaped wafer. Besides, such an added pressure is in proportion to the curvature of wafer. That is, the bigger the curvature of wafer becomes the higher the removal rate goes. And the WIWNU is known to be directly related to the pressure distribution on the wafer as well. In other words, the deviation of pressure distribution is in proportion to the WIWNU. In this paper, it is found that the wafer shape may be modified through heating the backside of it and thus properly changed pressure onto the backside of it may improve the WIWNU.

Effect of Fixation Methods on the Flame Retardant and Performance Properties of MDPPA/HMM treated Cotton (MDPPA/HMM처리 면직물의 고착방법에 따른 방염성과 물성의 변화)

  • 지주원;오경화
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.15-23
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    • 2000
  • Effect of fixation methods on the flame retardant(FR) and performance properties of MDPPA/HMM treated cotton fabrics were studied. Combination of three different fixation methods - premercerization, swelling agent treatment, pad dry cure fixation, and wet fixation - were applied to flame retardant finish of cotton with MDPPA/HMM. As a result, an increase in internal volume of cotton fiber by pre-mercerization and addition of swelling agent, and wet fixation increased %add-on of FR agent improving FR efficiency and wash fastness. Tensile strength of MDPPA/HMM treated cotton fabrics by wet fixation and swelling agent were slightly decreased, but that of premercerized cotton was improved. Wet fixated fabric showed lower bending rigidity and better compressional properties which improved fabric hand. Retention of swelling ability of cotton treated with MDPPA/HMM improved moisture absorption properties.

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Study of high speed shear test for SnAgCu solder joint with variable pad finishes (표면 처리에 따른 SnAgCu계 솔더 접합부의 고속전단강도 연구)

  • Lee, Yeong-Gon;Kim, In-Rak;Lee, Wang-Gu;Park, Jae-Hyeon;Mun, Jeong-Tak;Jeong, Jae-Pil
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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    • 2009.05a
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    • pp.194-195
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    • 2009
  • 본 연구에서는 고속전단 강도에 표면 처리의 변화가 미치는 영향에 대해 연구하고자 하였다. 표면 처리를 ENIG, ENEPIG, OSP로 하여 고속전단시험을 수행하였다. 고속전단 결과 SAC105의 전단 강도 값은 ENIG가 가장 작았고, ENEPIG가 가장 높았다. SAC305의 전단 강도 값은 ENIG가 가장 작았고, OSP와 ENEPIG는 비슷한 값을 나타냈다.

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