• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.144-157
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• 2017

Although student satisfaction is important in university development, there have been many studies in this area. Especially student satisfaction is closely related to emotional aspect, but most studies have tended to study it with cognitive view. To suggest the model of student satisfaction with hedonic view, the model which we present in this study includes professor presence and interaction, PAD(pleasure, arousal, dominance), satisfaction(dependent variable). Through reviewing previous studies, we expect that these professor presence and students' interaction effect PAD, in turn, PAD effect satisfaction. Survey research is employed to test hypotheses involving professor presence, students' interaction, PAD and satisfaction. Previous researches, such as education, marketing, game, have been referenced to measure constructs. We collected data involving students in a university, and used 219 respondents to analyze these data using LISREL structural modeling. Professor presence had positive effects on professor-student interaction, pleasure, arousal, and dominance. Also professor-student interaction had positive effect on pleasure and arousal, and student-student interaction had positive effects on pleasure and arousal, dominance. As a result, PAD had effects on students' satisfaction. In the final section, we discussed several limitations of our study and suggested directions for future research. We concluded with a discussion of managerial implications, including the potential to advance understanding learning in a university.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-24
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• 2018

This study investigates the effects of casino servicescape and customer interaction on the emotions and loyalty of Chinese and Japanese customers. Data on casino servicescape, customer interaction, pleasure, arousal, and dominance (PAD) emotions, and loyalty were obtained from 275 Chinese and Japanese gamblers in Korea's foreigner-only casinos, and structural model analysis using AMOS 21.0 was conducted to verify the model. This study empirically confirmed the similarities and differences in PAD emotions between Chinese and Japanese customers on casino servicescape and on their interactions at casinos. By doing so, this study theoretically attempts to extend the existing research framework, and demonstrates the need for casinos to consider the role of culture/nationality in the context of international marketing when targeting international consumers.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.84-95
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• 2022

This study conducted a online survey (URL), DM, , E-mail, etc. were used to sample 371 people using the standard convenience sampling method, and 320 valid samples excluding 51 unfaithful respondents were analyzed by applying causality (SEM). First, the hypothesis was adopted with the influence of positive (+) on the emotional response of the human brand's goods value. Second, the hypothesis was adopted that emotional response has a positive (+) effect on consumption behavior. Third, the human brand's goods value has a positive (+) effect on consumption behavior, and the hypothesis was partially adopted. Finally, the indirect effect of emotional response in the relationship between goods value and consumption behavior was found to be statistically significant.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.105-128
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• 2012

The Culture and Arts Website, one of the parts of providing information related to culture and art utilizing internet, is the website that giving information of arts genre like theater, music, art, architecture, video, and literature. As growing interest in the field of culture and arts, market of this website has been increasing and providing customized content which each customer wants in the field of culture and arts. Developers of culture and arts website consider the website media for increasing and developing awareness about culture and arts. They are accelerating development of various business models and application of culture and arts website service which it meets trend of the times and customers needs. This study will seize about influencing factors to culture and arts website service of domestic website users and analyze how these factors affect loyalty through satisfaction and word of mouth. This study presented research model applied main parameters of PAD(Pleasure, Arousal, Dominance) theory emphasized human's emotions that they are expected to affect the loyalty of culture and arts website service users based on satisfaction and word of mouth. The researcher in this study surveyed students of Seoul S University who had experiences with such culture and arts website to validate the model empirically. The results, firstly, if you experienced feeling related to pleasure and dominance in culture and arts website, you would satisfy this website and it could lead to loyalty. Secondly, the feeling related to ventilation does not affect the loyalty through satisfaction and word of mouth. Thirdly, the results show that all of three factors of emotional responses do not influence the loyalty through word of mouth.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.206-221
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• 2016

This study presented the need to research into 'emotional response' and 'willingness to use apps', perceived by consumers using food delivery apps amidst the spread of smartphones and surge in use of food delivery apps. This study was also intended to present 'service quality' of food delivery apps, along with 'arousal' and 'pleasure' which represented the 2 types of emotional dimension of Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance(PAD), as variables that could strengthen the willingness to use food delivery apps and examine their roles. On the basis of results of such analysis, we intended to provide basic data necessary for development and operation of food delivery app contents. For subjects and spatial scope of this study, we selected domestic male and female residents nationwide who were aged 20 or older and had experience of using food delivery apps over the last 3 months. Among the subjects of this study, we surveyed foodservice consumers who had experienced of ordering food via food delivery apps such as Baedal Minjok, Yogiyo, and Baedaltong. Based on results of this study, it was found that design and sympathy related to food delivery app service quality had a positive effect on arousal while design and reliability had a positive effect on pleasure. Both informativity and mobility of food delivery app service quality were found to have a positive effect on the willingness to use apps. The pleasure from PAD had a positive effect on willingness to use apps, while arousal did not have any effect on willingness to use apps. The results of this study suggested that design and reliability, informativity, mobility were very important factors in inducing foodservice consumers to use food delivery apps continuously.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.469-480
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose new method to reduce variance and express mixed feelings in Russell's emotional dimension(A Circumplex model). A Circumplex model shows mean and variance of emotions(joy, sad, happy, enjoy et. al.) in PAD(Pleasure, Arousal, Dominace, et. al.) dimension using self-diagnostic method(SAM: Self-Assessment-Manikin). But other researchers consistently insisted that Russell's model had two problems. First, data(emotional words) gathered by Russell's method have too big variance. So, it is difficult to separate valid value. Second, Russell's model can not properly represent mixed feelings because it has structural problem(It has a single Pleasure dimension). In order to solve these problems, we change survey methods, so that we reduce value of variance. And then we conduct survey(which can induce mixed feelings) to prove Positive/Negative(Pleasure) part in emotion and confirm that Russell's model can be used to express mixed feelings. Using this method, we can obtain high reliability and accuracy of data and Russell's model can be applied in many other fields such as bio-signal, mixed feelings, realistic broadcasting, et. al.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.71-78
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• 2011

Although the recognition and emotion about space is subjective and individual, if standard is proposed through common factor, objective, quantified space image evaluation will be available. In addition, space image evaluation standard caused by recognitive-emotional factor can meet requests of space users and increase psychological satisfactions. The purpose of this study is to grasp the space image caused by recognitive-emotional factor in space with PAD model and analyze the evaluation of space image giving visual, recognitive and emotional effects. The analysis result revealed that 'joyfulness' and access-avoidance had a very similar distribution. The result means that space is evaluated with the degree of 'joyfulness' for space and it is led by approach-avoidance behavior. The recognition factor that forms and evaluates space image and decides approach-avoidance is expressed as adjective images such as 'fresh, joyful, light and static and its emotional factors are adjective images such as 'calm, allowable, joyful and quiet'.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.55-73
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• 2022

This study aims to identify the object relations and PAD factors of Instagram users, apply the object relations to the emotional response (PAD) factors, and empirically study the structural relationship between these factors and satisfaction. To this end, we proposed a research model to which the four factors of object relations theory and the three factors of emotional response (PAD) theory that emphasize the emotions of users are applied. Surveys were conducted on the college students in Seoul and Suwon who had used Instagram. As a result of this study, the following conclusions can be drawn: Non-alienation has a significant influence on pleasure, arousal, and domination. Secure attachment does not have a significant influence on pleasure and arousal, while it does have on domination. Social ability does not have a significant influence on pleasure, arousal, and domination. Egocentrism has a significant influence on arousal, but not on pleasure and domination. Pleasure has a significant influence on arousal and satisfaction. Arousal has a significant influence on domination and satisfaction. Domination has a significant influence on satisfaction. In conclusion, when emotions are shared among the users of Instagram, not alienated, it affects their satisfaction.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.47-72
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• 2021

This research aims to examine the cause-and-effect relationship between the user's purchase intention and word-of-mouth for Instagram advertisements. In addition, Instagram currently has many users in the order of Kakao Talk, Facebook, and Instagram. However, most of the previous prior papers are research on the current status of Instagram. Recent research on Instagram advertising has been lacking. This research is academically significant in that it conducted with the focus on advertising on Instagram. In addition, we provide a framework based on future research in that we proposed a model between human psychology and the oral effect on how much Instagram affects purchasing through the theory of emotional response (PAD). Future studies need to demonstrate the relationship between emotion response (PAD) factors that directly affect purchase intent. Finally, it will need to be studied to analyze purchasing patterns using data mining techniques between different social network services.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze relationship between emotion and behavior with the color images of indoor space in hotels. The study methods evaluation experiments of emotion and behavior with computer graphic images. Study results are as follows: First, The color image according to the indoor space had a significant influence on the user's emotions. Lobby and restaurant had difference in pleasure arousal emotion by color image, and also guest room had difference in pleasure dominance emotion by color image. Second, The color image according to the indoor space had a significant influence on the user's behavior. Also lobby and restaurant had difference in movement hobby eating resting behavior by color image, and guest room had difference in hobby eating resting behavior by color image. Third, As a result of analyzing the effect of user's emotions on the behavior according to the indoor space: In the lobby, the more un-arousal increasing of users, the more hobby resting behavior increasing. And the more dominance increasing of users, the more movement hobby eating resting behavior increasing. In the restaurant, the more dominance increasing of users, the more movement eating hobby behavior increasing. The more arousal increasing of users, the more movement resting behavior increasing. The more un-arousal increasing of users, the more hobby eating behavior increasing. In the guest room, the more un-arousal dominance increasing of users, the more hobby eating resting behavior increasing. And also the more arousal increasing of users, the more movement behavior increasing.