• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.419-419
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• 2012

We fabricated the Polyamide 4,6 (PA46) thin film using Adipoyl chloride and 1,4-butadiamine. PA46 film was grown at $70^{\circ}C$ by Molecular Layer Deposition (MLD) method. MLD is sequential and self-terminating fabrication method for organic thin film. The growth rate of PA46 is $3.5{\acute{\AA}}$ cycle. The thickness of PA46 film was measured by Ellipsometer. Surface morphology of this film was investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and roughness is directly proportional to number of growing cycles.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.152-166
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• 2020

Background: Ginsenosides, which have various physiological activities, are known to be abundant in the leaves and roots of ginseng. Ginseng sprouts can be used as a fresh vegetable and roots, stems, and leaves of ginseng can be consumed. This study aimed to investigate the effect of carbon dioxide treatment and the modified atmosphere (MA) packaging method in suppressing quality deterioration during the distribution of ginseng sprouts. Methods and Results: Ginseng sprouts were packed using Styrofoam, barrier film + non gas treatment, barrier film + gas treatment, 15 ㎛ polyamide (PA) double film + non gas treatment, 15 ㎛ PA double film + gas treatment, 25 ㎛ PA film + non gas treatment, or 25 ㎛ PA film + gas treatment. Quality parameters including gas composition, relative humidity, chlorophyll SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) value, firmness, and rate of quality loss in ginseng sprouts were monitored at the following temperatures: 20℃, and 10℃. Ginseng sprouts packaged with 25 ㎛ PA film showed loss in quality because of wilting owing to low relative humidity within the film. Chlorophyll and firmness did not differ between film and gas treatments. The time point at which the combined loss from softening and decay owing to fungal, and bacterial infection and wilt reached 20% was considered the limit of distribution. At 20℃, the packaging not included in the 20% distribution loss rate limit or up to 7 days was 15 ㎛ PA double film + gas treatment. At 10℃, the packaging not included in the 20% distribution loss rate limit for up to 18 days were barrier film + gas treatment and 15 ㎛ PA double film + gas treatment. Conclusions: The film packaging suitable for the distribution of ginseng sprouts was found to be the barrier film and PA film with low gas permeability and maintaining hygroscopicity at 95% relative humidity. To prevent the loss in quality of ginseng sprouts, gas treatment (8% of O₂ and 18% of CO₂) in the film was found to be more suitable than no gas treatment for inhibition of decay.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.9
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• pp.1518-1523
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• 2013

To estimate the shelf life of red cabbage sprouts (stored at 4 and $10^{\circ}C$), the numbers of total aerobic bacteria were determined during storage. Parameters for the Gompertz model were determined and the shelf life was predicted using a modified Gompertz equation. The estimated shelf lives of red cabbage sprouts packed with polyolefin film and polyamide/polyamide/polyethylene (PA/PA/PE) film at $4^{\circ}C$ were 49.4 and 52.3 h, respectively, whereas those of red cabbage sprouts packed with polyolefin film and PA/PA/PE film at $10^{\circ}C$ were 19.7 and 22.6, respectively. The shelf life prediction equation was appropriate, based on the statistical analysis of the accuracy factor, bias factor, and mean square error. On the other hand, for red cabbage sprouts treated with aqueous $ClO_2$/fumaric acid and UV-C then packed with polyolefin film or PA/PA/PE film, the shelf life was predicted to be longer than 168 h. These results suggest that the combined treatment of aqueous $ClO_2$/fumaric acid and UV-C can be useful for improving microbial safety and extending the shelf life of red cabbage sprouts during storage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.901-908
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• 2014

Blueberries and strawberries are highly perishable and easily contaminated with microorganisms. To maintain the quality of these commodities during refrigerated storage, the effects of two packaging materials as well as passive modified atmosphere packaging on the quality of blueberries and strawberries were investigated. The harvested blueberries and strawberries were first treated with combined non-thermal treatment of aqueous chlorine dioxide and fumaric acid, followed by packaging with polyolefin film (6,000 mL $O_2/m^2{\cdot}24hr{\cdot}atm$ at $24^{\circ}C$) and polyamide/polyamide/polyethylene film (PA/PA/PE, 60 mL $O_2/m^2{\cdot}24hr{\cdot}atm$ at $24^{\circ}C$), respectively. After combined sanitizer treatment, the populations of total aerobic bacteria in blueberries and strawberries were reduced by 2.50 and 1.97 log CFU/g while those of yeast and molds were reduced by 1.95 and 2.18 log CFU/g, respectively, compared with the control. In particular, microbial growth in these samples packed with PA/PA/PE film was reduced during refrigerated storage. In addition, the blueberries and strawberries packed with PA/PA/PE film underwent lower weight loss than those packed with polyolefin film during storage. These results suggest that appropriate packaging with proper gas permeability is necessary to maintain the quality of blueberries and strawberries during refrigerated storage.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2015

This article describes synthesis and electrochemical properties of layer-by-layer self-assembled multilayer film composed of polyaniline (PANi), graphene oxide (GO) and phytic acid (PA), whereby the GO was electrochemically reduced to ERGO, resulting in $(PANi/ERGO/PANi/PA)_{10}$ film electrode. Especially, we examined the possibility to improve the volumetric capacitive property of $(PANi/ERGO)_{20}$ film electrode via combining a spherical hexakisphosphate PA nanoparticle into the multilayer film that would dope PANi properly and also increase the porosity and surface area of the electrode. The electrochemical performances of the multilayer film electrodes were investigated using a three-electrode configuration in 1 M $H_2SO_4$ electrolyte. As a result, the $(PANi/ERGO)_{20}$ electrode showed the volumetric capacitance of $666F/cm^3$ at a current density of $1A/cm^3$, which was improved to the volumetric capacitance of $769F/cm^3$ for the $(PANi/ERGO/PANi/PA)_{10}$ electrode, in addition to the cycling stability maintained to 79.3% of initial capacitance after 1000 cycles. Thus, the electrochemical characteristics of the $(PANi/ERGO)_{20}$ electrode, which was densely packed by ${\pi}-{\pi}$ stacking between the electron-rich conjugate components, could have been improved through structural modification of the multilayer film via combining a spherical hexakisphosphate PA nanoparticle into the multilayer film.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.533-537
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• 2000

It was known that chalcogenide glasses have the superior property of the photoinduced anisotropy(PA). In this study we observed the phenomenon of Ag polarized-photodoping in chalcogenide As$_{40}$ /Ge$_{10}$/Se$_{15}$ /S$_{35}$ and the double-layer of Ag doped As$_{40}$ /Ge$_{10}$/Se$_{15}$ /S$_{35}$ thin film using the irradiation with the polarized He-Ne laser light. The Ag polarized-photodoping results in reducing the time of saturation anisotorpy and increasing the sensitivity of linearly anisotropy intensity up to maximum 220% The Ag polrized-photodoping shows improvement of the photoinduced anisotropy property in polarized photodoping of the chalcogenide thin film. It will offer lots of information for the photodoping mechanism and analysis of chalcogenide thin film.in film.ilm.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.33-37
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• 2012

Microstructure developments of $RuO_2$ based thick film resistors during firing as a function of glass viscosity were analytically quantified and its effect on the electrical property was investigated. The microstructure development was retarded as the viscosity of glass was increased. It was found that the viscosity range for each stage of microstructure development are as follows ; $7500-10^5Pa{\cdot}s$ for the glass sintering, $2000-7500Pa{\cdot}s$ for the glass island formation, $700-2000Pa{\cdot}s$ for the glass spreading, and $50-700Pa{\cdot}s$ for the infiltration. The sheet resistivity decreased as the viscosity of glass in the resistor film increased due to the higher chance of sintering for the conductive particles with the higher viscosity of the glass.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.33-36
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• 2004

Amorphous GaN film was deposited using a laser ablation of the highly densified GaN target. Through the surface morphological and compositional analysis of films deposited under various laser energies and Ar gas pressures, the film deposited under the pressure of 10 Pa were found to be amorphous GaN with the smooth surface. In particular, the film at 200 mJ/pulse showed the enhanced crystallinity and stoichiometric composition, compared with those of the films at relatively lower laser energy. The strong band-gap emission at 2.8 eV was observed from amorphous GaN film in the room temperature photoluminescence spectra, showing the highest efficiency in the film at 200 mJ/pulse under 10 Pa.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.134-137
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• 2009

The gelatin film containing grapefruit seed extract (GSE) was prepared by incorporating different amounts (0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.08, 0.1%) of GSE into the film. The tensile strength (TS) of the film increased by the addition of GSE, and water vapor permeability (WVP) of the film decreased. In particular, the gelatin film containing 0.1% GSE had a TS of 10.28 MPa, while the control had 8.68 MPa. WVP of the film containing 0.1% GSE decreased to 2.18 ng m/m2 s Pa, compared to 2.48 ng $m/m^{2}s$ Pa of the control. In addition, incorporation of 0.1% GSE to the gelatin film decreased the populations of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes by 2.67 and 3.15 log CFU/g, respectively, compared to the control. These results suggest that as a packaging material, gelatin film containing GSE can have antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms in foods.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the application of edible films to Raymyun soup packaging. The sorption isotherm curve and BET monolayer moisture content of Raymyun soup were estimated as a basic experiment. Also, the mechanical properties, water vapor permeability, and solubility of the films were investigated. Methylcellulose, sodium caseinate, and K-carrageenan films were used as edible films and glycerol and polyethylene glycol(MW 400) were used as plasticizers. In case tensile strength, methylcellulose films was 68.56 MPa and sodium caseinate film was 7.11 MPa. The elongations of sodium caseinate, methylcellulose, and K-carrageenan film were 115.41%, 23.79% and 0.60%, respectively. The water vapor permeabilties values of methylcellulose, sodium caseinate, and K-carrageenan film between 50% and 70% RH were $0.25-0.38ng{\cdot}m/m^2{\cdot}sec{\cdot}Pa,\;0.62-0.84ng{\cdot}m/m^2{\cdot}sec{\cdot}Pa\;and\;0.31-0.55ng{\cdot}m/m^2{\cdot}sec{\cdot}Pa$, respectively. For the solubility of films, sodium caseinate film showed the highest solubility and methylcellulose film showed the lowest solubility.