• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.97-113
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• 2014

An actual proof experiment was carried out to establish the production of high quality organic rice at farm household in Gwangjin, Junnam, Korea 2011. Experimental plot was designed with conventional organic cultivation and manual organic cultivation in both Hopeongbyeo and Onnuri varities. Experimental field was consisted with suitable drainage loam soil, anryong series, and normal paddy field. Chemical characteristics of the soil were investigated from initial soil and soil after harvest in experimental sites. Seed disinfection was treated with hot water dipping method at $60^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. Rice transplanting was carried out at 17 June with 25 days seedling using machine transplanting. Golden apple snail was used to prevent weed growth as middle size (1.5~1.7 kg/10a) at one week after rice transplanting. Amount of applied fertilizer in experimental plot was supplied with organic fertilizer for the shortage after harvest of hairy vetch (1,100 kg/10a). Bordeaux mixture was used to control of sheath blight and neck blast disease in all experimental plot at 19 Aug. Application of chitin culture solution was treated in manual organic cultivation at 2 and 15 Aug. At late growth stage, incidence rate of neck blast was the highest level at Hopyeongbyeo in conventional organic cultivation. Incidence rate of sheath blight in both Hopyeongbyeo and Onnuri was higher in conventional organic cultivation than in manual organic cultivation. Incidence of rice leaf folder was the highest level at Onnuri in conventional organic cultivation. Yield index in manual organic cultivation was increased by 13% and 38% at Onnuri and Hopyeongbyeo, respectively, compared with conventional organic cultivation. Head rice percentage in both Hopyeongbyeo and Onnuri was slightly increased in manual organic cultivation. These results indicate that high quality production of rice organic cultivation could be depending on management of safe fertilization with nutrient content in soil.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.851-858
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• 2016

The effective components of Schisandra chinensis are lignans (schizandrins and gomisins), which have various physiological functionalities such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. This study was carried out to determine the different parts of fruits in Schisandra chinensis to elevate their usefulness. Schisandra chinensis was separated into skin (epicarp), pulp (mesocarp), and seeds, and raw Omija and hot-dried Omija (HDO) were used as control. The most abundant component was nitrogen free extract (6.88~56.70%) followed by crude lipids (1.65~19.04%). The main mineral was K (383.10~2,024.10 mg/100 g), except in seeds where P was the main mineral. The main lignan in all parts of fruit was schizandrin, and the highest content of schizandrin was 9.46 mg/g in dried seeds. Total lignan content was 25.97 mg/g and 14.97 mg/g in dried seeds and HDO, respectively. A total of 17 components of fatty acids in seeds and HDO were detected, of which linoleic acid (72.66~73.78%), oleic acid (14.78~17.39%), palmitic acid (2.88~3.54%), and capric acid (1.70~4.93%) were determined as the major components. Main lignans and fatty acids of Schisandra chinensis fruit contain mainly seeds. Therefore, it is more efficient to use seeds than pulp and extract of fruit itself to use the components of Omija.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.16-27
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• 1992

To determine a potential of new sludge fertilizer for horticultural crops, comparative studies between commercial fertilizers (Jandibiryo and Wonyebokbi) and sludge fertilizer (Sludgebiryo) were made through examining the growth responses on zoysiagrass (Zoysia japponica Steud.) and several horticultural plants. 1. The pH of new sludge fertilizer remained near 6.5 regardless the particle size. The solubility of elements was highest in phosphorus, followed by nitrogen and potassium in the order. Especially, desorption of potassium was continued up to 48 hrs after solubilization. 2. There was an increase in shoot number per plant, length of stolon and rhizome, and root weight as well as clipping yield of zoysiagrass in the treatment of large size Sludgebiryo compared to small one and Jandibiryo. 3. Regardless the size of fertilizers, Sludgebiryo increased flower numbers in salvia (Salvia officinalis L. 'Hatzazz') compared to Wonyebokbi, although the difference was not great, However, leaf area and fresh weight of plant were more increased in Wonyebokbi application. 4. Flower diameter of marigold (Tagetes erecta L. 'Inca') was slightly increased in Sludgebiryo application, but the average number of lateral shoots and fresh weight per plant were significantly increased in the treatment of Wonyebokbi application. 5. Sludgebiryo effectively increased the length of both main and lateral shoots, number of flowers and weight of shoot in vinca (Vinca rosea L. 'Little Linde'), but root growth of plant was higher in Wonyebokbi application. 6, No differences between Wonyebokbi and Sludgebiryo were found in promoting the growth of leaves of perilla (Perilla frutescens Hara 'Yubsil' ), but chlorophyll content and seed weight were slightly higher in the application of Wonyebokbi compared to Sludgebiryo. In conclusion, the effectiveness of Sludgebiryo for horticultural plants was almost equal to commercial fertilizers such as Jandibiryo or Wonyebokbi. Expecially, Sludgebiryo appeared to effective on the growth of zoysiagrass, and the increase of flower size and numbers in flower crops. Results indicate that new-made Sludgebiryo can be recommended for turfgrass culture, and the flower crops in which quality depends on flower number and flower size.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.285-290
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• 1996

This experiment was conducted to investigate the variation of adhering primary and secondary rachis branches of panicle in three ecotypes at National Honam Agricultural Experiment Station in 1993. Three ecotypes. Odaebyeo and Sinunbongbyeo as early-maturing type, Cheongmyeongbyeo and Changanbyeo as medium, and Dongjinbyeo and Mangeumbyeo as late-maturing type were used. The treatment were 5 planting times from May 5 to 5 July by 15 day intervals. The number of primary rachis branch in early maturing type recorded high in between May 5 and 20 May as early transplanting. Medium and late-maturing type, however, was found to be have more primary rachis branches at the late time of June 20 transplanting than at the optimum transplanting of Honam area. The number of secondary rachis branch was high between June 5 and 20 June regardless ecotypes. The rate of secondary rachis branch per primary rachis branch was increased with later transplanting time up to June 5, but showed no differences onwards. The number of grain in primary and secondary rachis branches were low in transplanting time of May 5 regardless ecotype but high in late transplanting time by July 5. Densinty of seed sets was found to be higher in late transplanting than in early transplating;early-maturing type showed high in July 5 and 20 June in medium-late maturing type respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2004

Experiment was carried out to find the fertilizing effects of 8 different application rates of swine compost fermented with sawdust(SCS) including Chemical fertilizer(CF) on forage yield and soil chemical characteristics of mixed pastures sown in Sep. 1993 at National Livestock Research Institute, RDA., in Suwon during low years. It was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Dry matter yield were shown at similar among treatments except Control and $50\%$ SCS of standard amount plot. In botanical composition, the legume and weeds percentages of each treatment were increased as advancing year. The final year's legume percentage were high in line with SCS fertilizing plots($39\%{\sim}43\%$), SCS + CF plots($30\%{\sim}41\%$) and CF plot($32\%$). In productions of TDN, NE and crude protein yield, SCS or SCS($75\%$) + CF($25\%$) were nearly same comparing those of CF, respectively. Phosphate, potassium, magnesium contents and K/(Ca + Mg) except calcium contents of those SCS fertilizing plots in plant were generally high with comparing CF. Those contents were proportional according to the fertilizing amount These result indicate the possibility to substitute chemical fertilizer for SCS($75\%$, 25ton/ha) + CF, $25\%$) as manure-N 210 kg/ha, but might be considered accumulation phosphate in the soil.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to determine the growth characteristics of cool (C1) and warm season grasses (C2) in pastures mixed with C1 and C2 at an altitude of 400 m in Jeju island to establishing pasture suitable for grazing horses and to evaluate the effect of pastures mixed with tall and short type grasses on the intake characteristics of horses. C1 used in this study was Kentucky bluegrass, redtop (short type grass) and tall type grasses were orchardgrass and tall fescue, respectively. Treatments of this study were consisted of four groups and the short type grass used in pastures mixed with C1 and C2 was mainly bermudagrass. Four treatment groups were follow as; Treatment 1 (bermudagrass + Kentucky bluegrass + redtop) 2) Treatment 2 (bermudagrass + tall fescue + orchardgrass) 3) Treatment 3 (Kentucky bluegrass + redtop) 4) Treatment 4 (tall fescue + orchardgrass). Bermudagrass was a little winter killing and inhibition of plant growth at an altitude of 400 m. Plant heights in pastures mixed with C1 and C2 were grown better than that in pastures mixed with C1. Especially, plant height in Treatment 4 was higher than other treatments. Dry matter yield was in the following order: Treatment 4> Treatment 3> Treatment 2> Treatment 1. Dry matter yield in pastures mixed with C1 increased as compared with pastures mixed with C1 and C2. Dry matter yield in Treatment 3 was higher than other treatments. In the first investigation regarding vegetation distribution, bermudagrass ratios among grasses in Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 were 11.7 and 13.3%, respectively. The growth of bermudagrass in winter was low due to the cold damage. However the growth of Kentucky bluegrass, redtop, tall fescue and orchardgrass was good. In the second investigation, bermudagrass ratios among grasses in Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 were 5.0 and 11.7%, respectively. Growth of forage in the second investigation was poor as compared to the first investigation. nutritive values(crude protein content, neutral detergent fiber content, acid detergent fiber content, digestibility) were good in pastures mixed with C1 Especially, nutritive values in pastures mixed with tall was higher than those of pastures mixed short grasses. P content among minerals in Treatment 1 was higher than other groups. However, the content of Ca, Mg and Mn were lower. The contents of Ca, K, Mg, Na, Cu, Zn and Fe in Treatment 2 were higher. However, the contents of K, Mg, Na, Cu, Zn and Fe in Treatment 3 were lower. Therefore, we suggest that cool season grasses with short grasses were sowed to establishing pasture suitable for grazing horses at an altitude of 400 m in Jeju island.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.284-288
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• 2005

This study was conducted to clarify the effects of supplying methods of selenium on the growth and Se uptake of hydroponically grown tomato plants. Tomato seeds (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. cv. Momotaro T-93, Daki Seed Co.) were sown in plug tray with fifty holes, and raised for sixty days. Tomato seedlings transplanted to coco fiber slabs were supplied with the nutrient solutions adjusted to EC $2.3dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and pH $5.8\~6.2$ recommended by the Japanese Horticultural Experiment Station. Selenium forms used were inorganic $SeO_2$ (here in after referred to Se) and organic selenium chlenium with sugar fatty acid ester (here in after referred to chelated-Se). 10 ppm selenium solutions were treated to tomato plants with foliar applications, drenching, and foliar application plus drenching. Growth characteristics in terms of plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and chlorophyll content were significantly increased in the plot of foliar application ot Se, and in the plot of foliar application plus drenching of chelated-Se than other plots, respectively. Transported contents of selenium into the tomato fruits were highest as 0.302 ppm in the plot of foliar application plus drenching of chelated-Se. Also, it had tended to be higher in the plot of foliar application plus drenching than in the plots of foliar application or drenching in both of Se and chelated-Se. Foliar application and drenching of organic chelated-Se were effective to produce the functional tomato fruits.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.303-310
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• 2023

The current study was conducted to compare the effect of crossbred on the body weight and laying performance of Korean native chicken from hatch to week 40. A total of 873 one-day-old chicks were divided into twelve crossbreds (i.e., CFCK, CFYC, CFYD, CKCF, CKYC, CKYD, YCYD, YCCF, YCCK, YDCF, YDCK, and YDYC) and commercial layer (Hy-Line Brown) were obtained as a counterpart in the study. All the birds are raised in battery cages (76 × 61 × 46 cm³) and then raised until 14 weeks and subsequently moved to layer battery cages (60 × 25 × 45 cm³) and raised until 16 weeks. The body weight and viability were measured biweekly from hatching to week 16. The week of 16, body weight range was about 1,010.24 to 1,411.77 g. The body weight of specific crossbreeds (i.e., CKCF, YCYD, and YDYC) was found to be comparable to that of Hy-Line Brown). The viability hatch to week 14 range was about 55 to 100% and however week 14 to 16 range was 80 to 100%. The crossbred (i.e., CKCF) recorded superior (P<0.05) viability throughout the whole experiment period, even compared with Hy-Line Brown (100% vs 96%). Our results are indicating that crossbreds Korean native chicken including CKCF, and YDYC has the potential to enhance key features of laying hens during the growing phase like optimal body weight and higher viability.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.261-270
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• 2020

The application of color retention agents (3 items), preservatives (17 items), and bleaching agents (6 items) as food additives in processed foods were investigated by food type. Among color retention agents, sodium nitrite was used the most with 257 cases, mainly in seasoned jeoktal (71.21%), ready-to-eat foods (7.78%), and breads (4.87%). Of the benzoates (1,236 cases) used as a preservative, sodium benzoate showed up most, in 1,215 cases, while 81.16% of these were in beverages such as beverage base (39.51%), mixed beverages (22.47%), and ginseng/red ginseng beverages (8.89%). Grapefruit seed extracts (3,291 cases) were applied to 44 types of processed foods such as sauces (54.65%), liquid tea (10.46%), and other products (5.15%). Ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate (2,957 cases) was applied to products (total 96.44%) such as sauces (92.15%), blended soy sauce (2.77%), and pickled foods (1.52%). Potassium sorbate was applied to a total of 789 cases, mainly pickled foods (40.43%) and processed fishery products (47.15%). All 27 cases of sorbic acid were applied to fish paste (100%). Of the bleaching agents, sodium bisulfite and sodium hydrosulfite were mainly used in confectioneries, breads or rice cakes, and potassium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, and sulfur dioxide were mainly found in alcoholic beverages including fruit wine, while sodium sulfite was mostly used in pickled foods. These results are deemed useful in applying food additives to processed foods.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.374-390
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• 2021

Growth and yield of field vegetable crops would be affected by climate conditions, which cause a relatively large fluctuation in crop production and consumer price over years. The yield prediction system for these crops would support decision-making on policies to manage supply and demands. The objectives of this study were to compile literatures related to onion and garlic and to perform data-mining analysis, which would shed lights on the development of crop models for these major field vegetable crops in Korea. The literatures on crop growth and yield were collected from the databases operated by Research Information Sharing Service, National Science & Technology Information Service and SCOPUS. The keywords were chosen to retrieve research outcomes related to crop growth and yield of onion and garlic. These literatures were analyzed using text mining approaches including word cloud and semantic networks. It was found that the number of publications was considerably less for the field vegetable crops compared with rice. Still, specific patterns between previous research outcomes were identified using the text mining methods. For example, climate change and remote sensing were major topics of interest for growth and yield of onion and garlic. The impact of temperature and irrigation on crop growth was also assessed in the previous studies. It was also found that yield of onion and garlic would be affected by both environment and crop management conditions including sowing time, variety, seed treatment method, irrigation interval, fertilization amount and fertilizer composition. For meteorological conditions, temperature, precipitation, solar radiation and humidity were found to be the major factors in the literatures. These indicate that crop models need to take into account both environmental and crop management practices for reliable prediction of crop yield.