• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.254-264
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• 2016

This research was conducted over about four weeks from May 1, 2015 until May 30. First, of the hotel restaurant visit motivations, awareness image B=0.524 (p<.001), food B=0.121 (p<.05), and distinctiveness B=0.251 (p<.001) had a significantly positive impact on consumer attitude. Second, the hotel restaurant, visit motivation and preference image B=0.577 (p<.001), Social B=0.192 (p<.001), distinctiveness B=0.173 (p<.01) was significantly positive on consumer attitudes there were influential (+). Third, there was the influence of motivation and purchases, visit the hotel restaurant between images of B=0.705 (p<.001), Around B=0.113 (p<.01) significantly positive (+) on purchase of consumer attitudes to food B=-0.135 (p<.01) and social B=-0.123 (p<.001) are part had the effect of (-). Addition, consumers also look at the attitude and awareness Revisit B=0.464 (p<.001), Rating B=0.321 (p<.001), even the purchase of B=0.205 (p<.001) all significantly positive (+) with there was influence. If the five-star hotel from carrying out marketing activities around awareness, preference, and purchase intention judges will give a great help in hotel management.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2001

We have analyzed the pollen sequence since the Late Glacial at Sorori Archaeological Site. The Sorori Site is an open site located at Soro-ri, Oksan-myeon, Cheongwon-gun, Chungchongbukdo. The main results are as follows: Four forest zones have been distinguished. \circled1 OS-1 zone : Pinus-Abies-Picea forest (the sub-alpine conifer forest), the Late Glacial (about 15,000~10,000yr. B.P.) ; \circled2 OS-2 zone : Pinus-Colyus forest (the mixed conifer and deciduous broad-leaved forest), R I (about 10,000 yr.B.P.) : \circled3 OS-3 zone : Alnus-Quercus forest (the cool temperate deciduous broadleaved forest), R II(about 10,000~2,000yr.B.P.) : \circled4 OS-4 zone : Pinus forest (the conifer forest), R III (about after 2,000yr.B.P.)

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.357-371
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• 1995

We have completed a study to measure the contents of glucose, BUN, creatinine. LDH, and T-protein with respect to a fatigued condition in the bloods of rats which a constant swimming is loaded and to measure the maximun swimming time of mice The test has been carried out as a part of the basic study on the efficacy of B. E. P. (Biological Energy Projector) for emitting a light energy having a specific wavelength out of far-infrared rays. As a result. We have reached the following conclusions: 1. At testing of mice's maximun swimming time, all of B.E.P.(2. 4. 8. 24hrs) treated group have been increased in comparison with the control group, but only 24hrs-B.E.P. treated group significantly increased during 4 weeks. 2. The contents of glucose, BUN. creatinine, LDH, and T-protein measured immediately after the swimming of mice have been distinctly changed but not been significantly changed at their increase and decrease in comparison with the control group. 3. At 3rd day out of the swimming loading, the contents of glucose in the blood serum of the white rat have been distinctly increased in comparison with the control group. And 24hrs-B.E.P treated group surpassed 8hrs-B.E.P. treated group. 4. At 1st and 3rd day, the contents of creatinine in the blood serum of the white rat have been distinctly increased at B.E.P. (8, 24hrs) treated groups in comparison with the control group and have been recovered to the condition of the normal group. 5. After three days, the contents of BUN in the blood serum of the white rat have been significantly decreased in B.E.P.(8, 24hrs) treated groups at 3rd day in comparison with the control group and have been recovered to the condition of the normal group. 6. The contents of LDH in the blood serum of the white rat have been decreased in B.E.P.(8, 24hrs) treated groups at 3rd day in comparison with the control group, in particular 24hrs-B.E.P. treated group has been decreased distinctly than the normal group. 7. The contents of T-protein in the blood serum of the white rat have been distinctly increased in B.E.P. (8, 24hrs) treated groups at 3rd day in comparison with the control and normal group. As the above results, it has been proved that the execise of mice and the fatigue metabolism of rats were influenced by the light energy emitted the B.E.P., and it has been also proved that the external stimulation could be used as a preferable stimulative factor for the biological metabolism. If the clinical training and study are positively achieved, the B.E.P. would be used as curative means and preventive measures for helping human body.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.811-816
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• 1997

SiO2-P2O5-B2O3 glass soot was fabricated by flame hydrolysis deposition and their properties by SEM, XRD, TGA-DSC were investigated., The mechanism of consolidation process of a glass soot as a function of consolidation temperature was analyzed by SEM observations. In the XRD patterns, the crystalline peaks which seem to be generated from B2O3 and BPO4 were observed. When the temperature of heat treatment exceeded 105$0^{\circ}C$, the non-crystalline state of SiO2-P2O5-B2O3 glass was observed. In the TGA-DSC curves, the evaporation of water molecule by a sudden endothermic reaction was observed at 128$^{\circ}C$ and a broad endothermic peak was seen in the temperature range of 40$0^{\circ}C$-95$0^{\circ}C$, without any weight loss. Finally, this peak was began to recover its baseline at 953$^{\circ}C$. This point is equal to the temperature at which the densification begins. Furthermore, we observed that the addition of dopants such as P2O5 and B2O3 decrease the onset of consolidation temperature till 95$0^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.260-268
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• 2010

The lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27, LDH) isozymes in tissues from Channa argus were purified and characterized by biochemical, immunochemical and kinetic methods. The activity of LDH in skeletal muscle was the highest at 380.4 units and those in heart, eye and brain tissues were 13.4, 3,5 and 5.4 units, respectively. Citrate synthase (EC 4.1.3.7, CS) activity in heart tissue was the highest at 20.7 units. LDH/CS in skeletal muscle, heart, eye and brain tissues were 172.9, 0.6, 0.32 and 0.47. Protein concentration in skeletal muscle tissue was 14.7 mg/g and specific activities of LDH in skeletal muscle, heart, eye and brain tissues were 25.88, 0.79, 0.31 and 1.38 units/mg, respectively. Therefore, skeletal muscle tissue was anaerobic and heart tissue was aerobic. The LDH isozymes in tissues were identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoprecipitation and Western blot with antiserum against $A_4$, $B_4$, and eye-specific $C_4$. LDH $A_4$, $A_3B$, $A_2B_2$. $AB_3$ and $B_4$ isozymes were detected in every tissue, $C_4$, $AC_3$, $A_2C_2$ and $A_3C$ were detected in eye tissue, and $A_3C$ was found in brain tissue. LDH $A_4$, $A_3B$, $A_2B_2$, $AB_3$, $B_4$, eye-specific $C_4$ isozymes were purified by affinity chromatography and Preparative PAGE Cells. The LDH $A_4$ isozyme was purified in the fraction from elution with $NAD^+$ containing buffer of affinity chromatography. Eye-specific $C_4$ isozyme was eluted right after $A_4$, after which $B_4$ isozyme was eluted with plain buffer. As a result, one part of molecular structures in $A_4$, $B_4$ and eye-specific $C_4$ were similar, but were different from each other in $B_4$ and $C_4$. Therefore the subunit A may be conservative in evolution, and the evolution of subunit B seems to be faster than that of subunit A. The activity of LDH $A_4$, $A_2B_2$, $B_4$, and eye-specific $C_4$ isozymes remained at 39.98, 21.28, 19.67 and 16.87% as a result of the inhibition by 10 mM of pyruvate, so the degree of inhibition was very high. The $Km^{PYR}$ values were 0.17, 0.27 and 0.133 mM in $A_4$, $B_4$ and eye-specific $C_4$ isozymes, respectively. The optimum pH of LDH $A_4$, $B_4$, eye-specific $C_4$, $A_2B_2$, $A_3B$, and $AB_3$ were pH 6.5, pH 8.5, pH 5.5, pH 6.0-6.5, pH 5.0 and pH 7.5. The $A_4$ and heterotetramer isozymes stabilized a broad range of pH. Especially, LDH activities in skeletal muscle tissue were high, resulting in a high degree of muscle activity.LDH metabolism in eye tissue seems to be converted faster from pyruvate to lactate by eye-specific $C_4$ isozyme as eye-specific $C_4$ have the highest affinity for pyruvate, and right after the conversion, oxidation of lactate was induced by $A_4$ isozyme. It was found that expression of Ldh-C, affinity to substrate and reaction time of $C_4$ isozyme were different according to the ecological environmental and feeding capturing patterns.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.35-40
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• 1985

The composition of the base glass was determined to be $Na_2O$ 15, $Fe_2O_3$ 35, $B_2O_3$ 0~20, $P_2O_5$ 30~50 by mole percent. The heating temperature for nucleation was determined by means of thermal expansion curve. Crystalline phases were investigated by X-ray diffraction method and I.R Spectra. Electrical conductivities of glass spec-imens were observed in the temperature range 25~20$0^{\circ}C$ The activation energies of these specimens were caculated. The results obtained were as follows : 1) The limit composition of the melts 15mol% $Na_2O$ 35mole% $Fe_2O_5$ 20mole% $B_2O_3$ 30mole% $P_2O_5$ was able to be formed into desired shapes during cooling, . 2) In the measurement of d. c conductivity($\delta$) on the glasses in the system $15Na_2O-35Fe_2O_3$-$B_2O_3$-(50-x) $P_2O_5$ the values decreased by replacing 5 mole% $P_2O_5$ with $B_2O_3$ 3) The d. c conducties of heat treated samples were increased by replacing $P_2O_5$ with $B_2O_3$ 4) $B_2O_3$ contributed to precipitate crystals such as${\gamma}$-$Fe_2O_3$ $Fe_3O_4$ which had the advantage of electronic conduction in heat treated samples. 5) The slope plotted Log($\delta$) versus 1/T in this glass system was linear in the measured temperature range.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.91-102
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• 2006

목적 : 이 연구에서는 FBS에 의하여 유도되는 혈관 평활근 세포 증식에 대한 봉약침액과 Melittin의 세포 고사효과의 영향 및 작용 기전을 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법 : $I{\kappa}Ba$, p-$I{\kappa}Ba$, p-ERK1/2, p-Akt, p53, Bcl-2, Bax 및 active caspase-3는 Western blotting을, $NF-{\kappa}B$는 EMSA와 immunofluorescence staining을 이용하여 측정하였다. 결과 : 1. Melittin은 $NF-{\kappa}B$ 활성에 대하여 $I{\kappa}Ba$의 인산화를 유의하게 익제하고 $I{\kappa}Ba$를 증가시켰으며, $NF-{\kappa}B$의 DNA 결합과 $NF-{\kappa}B$ p50의 핵 내 유입을 유의하게 감소시켰다. 2. Melittin은 $NF-{\kappa}B$ 활성을 증가시키는 물질인 Akt의 인산화를 유의하게 억제하였고, ERK1/2의 인산화도 억제하였다. 3. Melittin은 세포사멸 전구 단백질인 p53, Bax 및 caspase-3의 발현을 유의하게 증가시켰고, 세포사멸억제 단백질인 Bcl-2의 발현은 감소시켰다. 결론 : 이상의 결과는 $NF-{\kappa}B$ 와 Akt 활성을 억제함으로써 혈관평활근세포 증식을 억제하는 효과가 있음을 입증한 것이며, 향후 안전성 연구를 바탕으로 혈관성형술 후 재발성협착증과 동맥경화증의 치료제로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2008

In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of propenone derivatives, 1,3-diphenyl-propenone (DPhP), 3-phenyl-1-thiophen-2-yl-propenone (PhT2P), 3-phenyl-1-thiophen-3-yl-propenone (PhT3P) and 1-furan-2-yl-3-phenyl-propenone (FPhP), on $TNF-{\alpha}$-induced nuclear factor (NF)-${\kappa}B$ activity and interleukin (IL)-8-induced monocyte adhesion to colon epithelial cells. 1-Furan-2-yl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propenone (FPP-3) that is previously reported as a $NF-{\kappa}B$ inhibitor suppressed $TNF-{\alpha}$-induced monocyte-epithelial cell adhesion in a concentration-dependent manner. The propenone derivatives, DPhP, PhT2P, PhT3P, FPhP, also inhibited $TNF-{\alpha}$-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation in a similar degree to FPP-3. In a DPPH radical scavenging assay, none of the compounds showed DPPH radical scavenging activity, indicating that the inhibitory actions of the propenone derivatives on redox-sensitive $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity is not due to a simple free radical scavenging activity. In addition, the propenone derivatives also suppressed the IL-8-induced monocyte adhesion to colon epithelial cells. Furthermore, the effective concentrations of the propenone derivatives on both $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation as well as IL-8 induced monocyte-epithelial cell adhesion were 1000 times lower than 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), a clinically used drug for inflammatory bowel disease. These results suggest that the propenone derivatives may be a potential lead having a strong inhibitory activity against inflammatory cytokine-induced epithelial inflammation.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.534-540
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• 2007

The Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) genome contains six operons (rrnA to F) for ribosomal RNA synthesis. Transcription from rrnD occurs from four promoters (p1 to p4). We found that transcripts from the p1 and p3 promoters were most abundant in vivo in the early exponential phase. However, at later phases of exponential and stationary growth, transcripts from the p1 promoter decreased drastically, with the p3 and p4 transcripts constituting the major forms. Partially purified RNA polymerase supported transcription from the p3 and p4 promoters, whereas pure reconstituted RNA polymerase with core enzyme (E) and the major vegetative sigma factor ${\sigma}^{HrdB}$ ($E{\cdot}{\sigma}^{HrdB}$) did not. In order to assess any potential requirement for additional factor(s) that allow transcription from the p3 and p4 promoters, we fractionated a partially purified RNA polymerase preparation by denaturing gel filtration chromatography. We found that transcription from the p3 and p4 promoters required factor(s) of about 30-35 kDa in addition to RNAP holoenzyme ($E{\cdot}{\sigma}^{HrdB}$). Therefore, transcription from the p3 and p4 promoters, which contain a consensus -10 region but no -35 for ${\sigma}^{HrdB}$ recognition, are likely to be regulated by transcription factor(s) that modulate RNA polymerase holoenzyme activity in S. coelicolor.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.272-276
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• 2008

Purification and some properties of Xylogone sphaerospora ${\beta}$-mannanase were reprevious previous paper. Locust bean gum galactomannan was hydrolyzed by the purified ${\beta}$-mannanase, and then the hydrolysates was separated by activated carbon column chromatography. The main hydrolysates were composed of D.P. (Degree of Polymerization) 4 and 6 galactosyl mannooligosaccharides. For elucidate the structure of D.P 4 and 6 galactosyl mannooligosaccharides, sequential enzymatic action was performed. D.P 4 and 6 were identified as ${Gal^2}{Man_3}\;(6^2-mono-O-{\alpha}-D-galactopyranosyl-4-O-{\beta}-D-mannotriose)$ and ${Gal^2}{Man_5}\;(6^2-mono-O-{\alpha}-D-galacto- pyranosyl-4-O-{\beta}-D-mannopentaose)$. To investigate the effects of locust bean gum galactosyl mannooligosaccharides on in vitro growth of Bifidobacterium longum, B. bifidum, B. infantis, B. adolescentis, B. animalis, B. auglutum and B. breve. Bifidobacterium spp. were cultivated individually on the modified-MRS medium containing carbon source such as D.P. 4 and D.P. 6 galactosyl mannooligosaccharides, respectively. B. longum and B. bifidum grew up to-fold and 6.6-fold more effectively by the treatment of D.P. 6 galactosyl mannooligosaccharides, compared to those of standard MRS medium. Especially, D.P. 6 was more effective than D.P. 4 galactosyl mannooligosaccharide on the growth of Bifidobacterium spp.