• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.341-347
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• 1992

Eggs used in this study were obtained from Saudi Arabian Baladi laying hens which were divided into four experimental groups and subjected to the following treatments: Commercial laying ration (17% CP, 3.6% Ca and 0.343%, available P) fed ad libitum as a control (C); Conventional force molting, feed removal for 10 days followed by 18 days full-feed of cracked corn (F); 15 days ad libitum intake of the control ration supplemented, to initiate forced-molt, with 0.35% aluminum as the sulfate (ALS) or the chloride (ALC). The hens were in production for 52 weeks and 17 months of age at the start of the trial and the post-treatment period lasted 36 weeks. During the treatment period F and AL treated groups had similar egg and shell weight, egg surface area, shell thickness and shell weight per unit of surface area but significantly (p<0.05) lower than the control. F had significantly (p<0.05) the highest and the control the lowest Haugh unit values whereas AL fed groups had significantly (p<0.05) lower meat spot incidence compared with the control which tended to have higher value than F group. ALC and F had significantly (p<0.05) the lowest yolk color grade whereas ALC had significantly (p<0.05) lower egg index than ALS and the control. During the post-treatment period the control had significantly (p<0.05) the highest egg index and blood spots incidence and ALS the lowest shell diensity compared with other groups. ALS had significantly (p<0.05) lower shell weight than ALC and the control whereas F and AL treated hens had significantly (p<0.05) the highest Haugh unit values and yolk color grades respectively. F had significantly (p<0.05) lower meat spots incidence than ALC and the control. The same results were observed for ALS compared with the control.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.256-264
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of the Agaricus bisporus stem residue (ABSR) on the performance, nutrients digestibility, antioxidant activity of laying hens, and its effects on egg storage to determine the appropriate dosage of ABSR, so as to provide a scientific basis for the effective utilization of ABSR. Methods: A total of 384 53-wk-old Nongda III layers were randomly divided into six treatments, four replicates in each treatment and 16 birds in each replicate. The control treatment was fed with basic diet, while experimental treatments were fed with diets of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% ABSR respectively. The experimental period was 56 d. Results: The results showed that compared with the control treatment, ABSR had no significant effect on laying performance (p>0.05). The crude protein and total energy digestibility of experimental treatments was significantly higher than those of control treatment (p<0.05). When eggs were stored for 1 wk, 2 wk, and 3 wk at 25℃, there were no significant differences in egg storage between the experimental treatments and the control treatment (p>0.05). The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the serum of the experimental treatments were significantly higher than those of the control treatment (p<0.05), and the malonaldehyde (MDA) content did not change dramatically. SOD activity in yolk of experimental treatments was significantly higher than that in control treatment (p<0.05); MDA content in yolk was markedly lower than that in control treatment (p<0.05). The activity of GSH-Px and SOD in yolk of experimental treatments was significantly higher than that of control treatment stored at 25℃ for 21 d, and the content of MDA was significantly lower than that of control treatment (p<0.05). Conclusion: ABSR can be used to improve the antioxidant activity of laying hens without affecting laying performance.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.478-485
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• 2006

The treatments of Tteokgalbi studied were: control (no antioxidants); (T1) ethanol extracts of Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD (5%); (T2) ascorbic acid (0.06%); (T3) ascorbic acid (0.03%) + ethanol extracts of B. polyfermenticus SCD (2.5%). The pH of T1, T2, and T3 samples was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of the control for up to 3 days of storage. Thereafter T1, T2 and T3 had a significantly higher (p<0.05) pH value than the control during storage. TBA values were significantly lower (p<0.05) in all treated samples relative to the control. The TBA value of the control rapidly increased after 6 days of storage, whereas the TBA values of the test samples did not sharply increase. T3 samples treated with vitamin C and Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD had a higher TBA value than T1 and T2 samples. The VBN values of T1, T2 and T3 sampleswere lower than that of the control (p>0.05). VBN values of the ground pork meat samples significantly increased (p<0.05) with storage time. The total microbial counts of each sample significantly increased with storage time (p<0.05). The $a^*$ values of T1 and T3 samples containing added vitamin C were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the control and T2 samples during storage. The $b^*$ value of T2 samples was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of other ground pork meat products during storage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.207-212
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• 2001

In this paper, a method to be able to decide the possible maximum gain of P, PI control for the retarded processes under stable condition is proposed. At first, adjustable parameter set causing stability limit are obtained based on the frequency domain condition which makes the roots of transfer function locate on the $j\omega$ axis. And the cut-in frequency $\omega{_p}$ to bring the parameter set to P control from PI control is derived by an equation with 2 parameters L and $T_m$ given, then $\omega{_p}$ is used to compute the maximum gain with stable condition. For the calculation, the controlled process of first order system with time delay element is introduced and all parameters are presumed to be time invariant.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.675-682
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• 2013

One hundred and sixty Taiwan country chickens (d-old chicks) were randomly assigned into four groups with four replicates and equal sex. Basal diets were supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1 and 2% of Bazhen powder, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine complex. The study was conducted for 14 wks. Experimental results indicated that Bazhen supplement did not influence feed intake, body weight gain and feed:gain ratio. Compared with control group, the percentage of serum HDL (high-density lipoprotein) linearly increased (p<0.03) and that of VLDL+LDL (very low-density+low-density lipoprotein) linearly decreased (p<0.03) in Bazhen supplemented groups, that 2% Bazhen was significantly different with control group (p<0.05). Chickens fed diets containing 2% Bazhen displayed reduced (p<0.05) serum GOT (glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase) levels. The IgG, ${\gamma}$-globulin levels and PHA (phytohemagglutinin) skin challenge results in 1% Bazhan supplemented group were higher (p<0.05) than in the control group, the SRBC (sheep red blood cell) and ND (newcastle disease) titers in Bazhen supplemented groups were linear higher (p<0.05) than in the control group. The liver catalase activity and the capacity of scavenging DPPH (${\alpha}$-${\alpha}$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl) radical were linearly increased (p<0.03) in Bazhen supplemented groups, and the 1 and 2% groups were different from the control group (p<0.05). Liver TBARS (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) levels in all Bazhen supplemented groups and total glutathione level in the 2% group were reduced (p<0.05) compared to the control group and displayed a linear response (p<0.05). The TBA (thiobarbituric acid) and pH value of the breast muscle after 24 h post-mortem in the Bazhen supplemented groups was linear lower (p<0.05) than in the control group. Results from this study demonstrated that Bazhen supplement in chicken had several beneficial effects, including increased SRBC and ND titers, HDL and IgG, ${\gamma}$-globulin levels, PHA skin challenge result, decreased VLDL+LDL and GOT levels, and displayed antioxidation effects in serum and carcass meat parameters.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.262-266
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• 2003

The present study was carried out to investigate the relationships among intertillage and muddying by free-ranging ducks (Chinese native ducks) and pH, dissolved oxygen of irrigation water, and physicochemical properties of soil. Two paddy fields comprised of the muddying (muddy water without physical stimulation to a rice plant by the ducks) and the control plots (no ducks) were used for this study. As a muddying plot, 50 hills were randomly selected and each hill was fenced with a wire net in order to prevent from stimulating physically by the ducks. The variation in irrigation pH was smaller in the muddying plot than the control plot, and the pH was around 7.4. Dissolved oxygen was significantly higher (P＜0.01) in the muddying plot than the control plot during the first half period after the ducks were introduced. Then it decreased rapidly as the rice plants grew in all plots. The contents of the suspended soil and turbidity in irrigation water were not changed over the free-ranging period, but $\textrm{NH}_3\textrm{-N}$ and $\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$ were decreased by intertillage and muddying by the ducks. There were no differences in both the soil physics and chemistry between the muddying plot and the control plot during and after finishing of the free-ranging period. These results indicate that intertillage and muddying by the ducks resulted in a small variation in stagnant water pH, and reduced the dissolved oxygen and $\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$, although the physiochemical properties of soil were not changed.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2003

This study was conducted to identify the effect of recycling method of drained solution on the concentration of drained solution, and growth and yield of tomato in the recycling system. The recycling methods of drained solution were composed of control, MEC (measurement of EC) and ANS (analysis of nutrient solution). The plant height in the early growth stage was not different among the treatments, but plant fresh weight and dry weight were higher in the MEC or the ANS than in the control. The growth including fruit number, fruit weight, and yield of tomato in the ANS as compared with the control was favorable. The EC of drained solution tended to decrease in the early growth stage, but that of drained solution increased in the late growth stage. It was low in the MEC and the ANS as compared with the control. The pH of drained solution was maintained by 6.2 to 6.5 throughout the growth period in the MEC and the ANS, but the pH of the control increased up to 7.2 at the late growth stage. The N and K concentrations of drained solution tended to decrease in the early growth stage, while those of P, Ca and Mg increased. In the late growth stage, concentrations of N, P, Ca and Mg tended to decrease, but that of K in the ANS was very low. Concentrations of N, P, K, Ca and Mg were lower in the MEC and the ANS than in the control.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an integrative weight control program including East Asian traditional medicine on the degree of obesity and body compositions. Method: Using one group pre-post test design, 63 subjects aged 19 years or older were conveniently recruited from D University hospital. The weight control program consisted of acupuncture, aerobic exercise, moderate caloric restriction, and behavioral modification for weight loss. Paired t-tests were conducted using the SPSS V18.0. Results: Body weight (t=10.44, p<.001), body fat mass (t=11.47, p<.001), percentage of body fat (t=11.49, p<.001), the degree of obesity (t=10.48, p<.001), body mass index (t=10.66, p<.001), waist circumference (t=10.25, p<.001), hip circumference (t=6.10, p<.001), and WHR (t=2.21, p=.040) decreased after administering the integrative weight control program. Conclusion: This integrative weight control program effectively reduced the obesity degree and percentage of body fat. Further study is needed to replicate our program in a larger sample with control group to validate the findings.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.88-96
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• 1996

In recently the gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) has been known to induce the otolaryngologic manifestations. Pharyngeal neurosis is a disease which we could have not found the cause frequently. So we have studied the relation between the pharyngeal neurosis and the GERD among 50 patients who were diagnosed as pharyngeal neurosis after esophagogram and laryngoscopic examination. We performed esophageal manometry and 24hour double-probe pH-metry and then compared with normal control group(n=30). The results are as follows 1 Among 50 patients, 12(24%) patients were diagnosed as GERD by DeMeester scoring. 2. In esophageal manometry, the upper and lower esophageal sphincter between the patients and the control group have no significant difference(p>0.05) and 9 among 50 pateints showed abnormal peristaltic movement in esophageal body contraction. 3. In 24hour double-probe pH-metry, the esophageal probe showed that in GERD group(n= 12) the number of reflux episode, episodes greater than 5 minutes and the percentage of time

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2004

The study purpose was to investigate the factors related to fast food consumption of university students. Factors were identified using the Theory of Planned Behavior. Based on the pilot study, 18 behavioral beliefs, 7 normative beliefs and 19 control beliefs were identified. Data (n = 269) were analyzed using analysis of variance or $X^2$,/TEX> tests. Subjects were categorized into non-users (27.9%), users (42%) and frequent users ( $\geq$ 2 times/week, 30.1%). Regarding behavioral beliefs, users or frequent users responded more positively on advantages of eating fast foods including ‘taste’ (p < 0.001), ‘making me feel full’(p < 0.001), ‘diverse menus’(p < 0.05) than non-users. Compared to users, non-users responded more positively on the item that eating fast foods leads to eat vegetables less (p < 0.05), and negatively on ‘making me eat more salt’(p < 0.05). Most of the referent groups, parents (p < 0.001), sisters/brothers (p < 0.01), relatives (p < 0.01), friends (p < 0.05), boy/girl friends (p < 0.05) were important sources of influence regarding subjects' fast food consumption. Users or frequent users felt less control over factors or situations that make it consume fast foods (9 out of 19 control beliefs). These factors included; availability issues (p < 0.001), ‘not having other foods on hand’(p < 0.01), ‘others eating together like fast foods’, ‘convenience’, ‘social increase in fast food use’, ‘easy to get fast foods anytime’(p < 0.05). In addition, users of fast foods were more likely to eat fast foods when they don't have time, when they do not like to cook, when they feel hungry (p < 0.05). These results suggest that interventions for university students include strategies to moderate fast food use by modifying behavioral beliefs, suggesting alternative menus and behavior modification techniques, increasing perception of control, and eliciting social support.