• 성인간호학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.188-197
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine fatigue, sleep disturbances, and quality of life (QOL) among patients with breast cancer receiving radiotherapy. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive design was used. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 201 breast cancer patients in a hospital. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. Results: The fatigue scores showed significant differences depending on exercise and duration since diagnosis. The sleep disturbance scores showed significant differences depending on duration since diagnosis. QOL scores showed significant differences depending on exercise, duration since diagnosis, and treatment site. Fatigue and sleep disturbances (r=.40, p<.001) showed statistically significant positive correlations, while fatigue and QOL (r=-.55, p<.001), and sleep disturbances and QOL (r=-.45, p<.001) showed statistically significant negative correlations. The multiple regression analysis, which was used to determine the variables influencing on QOL after radiotherapy, resulted in a significant regression model (F=23.88, p<.001), which accounted for approximately 45% of the explanatory power. Fatigue (${\beta}=-.39$, p<.001) and sleep disturbances (${\beta}=-.27$, p<.001) were revealed to adversely affect quality of life. Conclusion: The nursing intervention is necessary to reduce fatigue and sleep disturbance and to promote exercise in order to enhance QOL of patients with breast neoplasm while receiving radiotherapy.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.179-188
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the relationship among emotional happiness, spiritual need, and healthy aging and to identify the factors affecting healthy aging in middle-aged and elderly population. Method: The participants were 100 middle-aged and elderly individuals. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires from March 9 to May 27, 2020. Collected data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 26.0 program. Results: There was a positive correlation between healthy aging and emotional happiness (r=.70, p<.001) and spiritual need (r=.52, p<.001). The factors influencing healthy aging were gender (β=.13, p=.026), subjective health status (β=.19, p=.002), emotional happiness (β=.60, p<.001), and spiritual need (β=.34, p<.001). These variables explained 67% of healthy aging. Conclusion: Healthy aging had a significant impact on women than on men when subjective health status was good and when emotional happiness and spiritual need were high. Healthy aging of the middle-aged and elderly population has confirmed the importance of physical, emotional, and spiritual health. Therefore, development and operation of programs that include various aspects of physical, emotional, and spiritual for healthy aging should be considered to confirm their effectiveness.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.212-223
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• 1998

여천공단 주변 산림지역의 식물군집구조를 밝히고 13년간 변화를 파악하기 위하여 300$m^2$ 조사구를 27개소 설정하였다. DCA ordination분석 결과 곰솔군집, 곰솔-참나무류군집, 곰솔-사스레피나무군집, 소나무-곰솔군집, 소나무군집으로 나누어졌다. 5개 군집의 천이경향을 살펴보면 곰솔-참나무류군집, 소나무-곰솔군집은 졸참나무, 상수리나무를 중심으로한 참나무류군집으로 변화될 것이며, 곰솔군집, 곰솔-사스레피나무군집, 소나무군집은 현상태를 유지할 것으로 판단되었다. 5개 군집의 토양산도는 pH 4.38~4.61로 산성토양이었으며, 유기물함량, 치환성양이온(C $a^{++}$, $Mg^{++}$, $K^{+}$)함량은 전국토양의 평균치보다 낮은 상태로 불량하였다. 13년간의 식물군집구조와 토양특성변화를 살펴보면 종수, Shannon의 종다양도, 최대종다양도에 있어 1983년보다 1996년이 높아졌으며, 토양특성도 동일한 경향이었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.285-292
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• 2006

Thermoresistant (TR) clones of radiation-induced fibrosarcoma (RIF) cells have been reported to show an adaptive response to 1cGy of low dose radiation, and HSP25 and inducible HSP70 are involved in this process. In this study, to further elucidate the mechanism by which HSP25 and inducible HSP70 regulate the adaptive response, HSP25 or inducible HSP70 overexpressed RIF cells were irradiated with 1cGy and the cell cycle was analyzed. HSP25 or inducible HSP70 overexpressed cells together with TR cells showed increased G1 phase after 1cGy irradiation, while RIF cells did not. $[^3H]-Thymidine$ and BrdU incorporation also indicated that both HSP25 and inducible HSP70 are involved in G1 arrest after 1cGy irradiation. Molecular analysis revealed upregulation of p27Cip/Kip protein in HSP25 and inducible HSP70 overexpressed cells, and cotransfection of p27Cip/Kip antisense abolished the induction of the adaptive response and 1cGy-mediated G1 arrest. The above results indicate that induction of an adaptive response by HSP25 and inducible HSP70 is mediated by upregulation of p27Cip/Kip protein, resulting in low dose radiation-induced G1 arrest.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.64-68
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• 2012

It has been suggested that Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infections can promote the development and progression of gastric cancer through the modulation of cell cycle regulators such as $p27^{Kip1}$ and Skp2. $p27^{Kip1}$ is a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor that blocks the G1/S transition necessary for cell cycle progression. Skp2 is a component of the ubiquitin ligase complex called $SCF^{Skp2}$(SKP1-Cullin-F-box), which specifically binds and promotes the degradation of $p27^{Kip1}$. A low level of $p27^{Kip1}$ and a high level of Skp2 have been reported in many types of cancers, including gastric cancer. In addition, a decrease in $p27^{Kip1}$ has been reported in H. pylori-infected specimens. However, data on Skp2 in H. pylori infections are limited. This study examines the changes in the status of Skp2 in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial AGS cells. For this, we stimulated AGS cells with H. pylori(NCTC 11637) at the ratio of 300:1(bacterium:cell) for 6 hours. The results of an immunoprecipitation analysis, followed by a western blot, indicate that the interaction between Skp2 and 14-3-3 was elevated 3 hours after the H. pylori treatment. In addition, there was an increase in cytoplasmic Skp2 after 3 hours, whereas there was no change in the nuclear level. Since it has been reported that interaction with 14-3-3 and the subsequent cytoplasmic translocation of Skp2 can increase its protein stability, increases in the interaction with 14-3-3 and the cytoplasmic Skp2 after the H. pylori treatment can increase the level of Skp2 in AGS cells. This phenomenon may explain, at least to some extent, the mechanism underlying the relationship between H. pylori infections and gastric carcinogenesis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.677-682
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• 2014

Resveratrol has been examined in several model systems for potential effects against cancer. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is reported to suppress proliferation in most eukaryocyte cells. Whether resveratrol via AMPK inhibits proliferation of oesophageal adenocarcinoma cells (OAC) is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the roles of AMPK in the protective effects of resveratrol in OAC proliferation and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Treatment of cultured OAC derived from human subjects or cell lines with resveratrol resulted in decreased cell proliferation. Further, inhibition of AMPK by pharmacological reagent or genetical approach abolished resveratrol-suppressed OAC proliferation, reduced the level of $p27^{Kip1}$, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, and increased the levels of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) of $p27^{Kip1}$-E3 ubiquitin ligase and 26S proteasome activity reduced by resveratrol. Furthermore, gene silencing of $p27^{Kip1}$ reversed resveratrol-suppressed OAC proliferation. In conclusion, these findings indicate that resveratrol inhibits Skp2-mediated ubiquitylation and 26S proteasome-dependent degradation of $p27^{Kip1}$ via AMPK activation to suppress OAC proliferation.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.701-709
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• 2006

The Rhus verniciflua Stokes (乾漆-RVS) has been used in traditional East Asia medicine for the therapy of gastritis, stomach cancer, although the mechanism for the biological activity is unclear. In the present study aims to investigate RVS extract contributes to growth inhibitory effect and it's the molecular mechanism on the human gastric cancer cells. AGS (gastric cancer cells) and RIEI (normal cells) were treated to different concentrations and periods of RVS extract $(10{\;}{\sim{{\;}100{\;}ug/mil)$. Growth inhibitory effect was analyzed by measuring FACS study and MTS assay. Cell cycle inhibition was confirmed by measuring CDK2 kinase activity by immunoprecipitation and kinase assay. And apoptosis was confirmed by surveying caspase cascades activation using a pan caspase inhibitor Exposure to RVS extract (50 ug/mll) resulted in a synergistic inhibitory effect on cell growth in AGS cells. Growth inhibition was related with the inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis. The extract induces Gl -cell cycle arrest through the regulation of cyclins, the induction of p27kip1, and the decrease CDK2 kinase activity. And upregulated p27kip1 level is caused by protein stability increment by the reduction of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), a key molecule related with p27kip1 ubiquitination and degradation, and do novo protein synthesis. Besides, 乾漆 extract induces apoptosis through the expression of Bax, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and activation of caspase-3. RVS extract induces Gl -cell cycle arrest via accumulation of p27kip1 and apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells but not in normal cells, therefore we suggest that the extract can be used as a novel class of anti-cancer drugs.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.625-633
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• 2014

We study some results which concern the types of Noetherian local rings, and improve slightly the previous result: For a complete unmixed (or quasi-unmixed) Noetherian local ring A, we prove that if either $A_p$ is Cohen-Macaulay, or $r(Ap){\leq}depth$ $A_p+1$ for every prime ideal p in A, then A is Cohen-Macaulay. Also, some analogous results for modules are considered.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.525-534
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• 2019

Let $P(G,{\lambda})$ denote the number of proper vertex colorings of G with ${\lambda}$ colors. The chromatic polynomial $P(C_n,{\lambda})$ for the cycle graph $C_n$ is well-known as $$P(C_n,{\lambda})=({\lambda}-1)^n+(-1)^n({\lambda}-1)$$ for all positive integers $n{\geq}1$. Also its inductive proof is widely well-known by the deletion-contraction recurrence. In this paper, we give this inductive proof again and three other proofs of this formula of the chromatic polynomial for the cycle graph $C_n$.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 1984

한국형 Agrobacterium tumefaciens의 분리 및 tumor inducing ($T_1$) plasmid의 유전적 특성을 비교 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. Agrobacterium군은 사과나무($A_1-A_3$), 미류나무($W_1{\sim}W_6$), 은사씨나무($P_1-P_3$) 및 장미($R_1$)의 crown gall tumor에서 도합 13종을 분리하였으며 각 군의 plasmid를 관찰한 결과 ATCC 15955보다 $P_1$ 및 $A_2$가 크기가 컸으며 $W_2$, $W_3$, $W_6$ 및 $P_3$는 작았으며 각균의 tumor 유도는 해바라기에 ATCC 15955와 Korean type $W_2$ ($KW_2$)을 접종한 것에서만 각각 접종 4주 및 6주만에 crown gall을 관찰하였다. 아울러 두균종의 $T_1$ plasmid($pT_1$)를 정제하여 몇종의 게한효소를 처리 하였으며 $pT_i$ ATCC 15955와 $pT_1KW_2$는 EcoR I 처리로 25개 및 27개의 band를, Hind III로 23개와 21개, BamH I으로 각각 20개 및 Hpa I으로 12개 및 27개의 band를 관찰하였으며 크기는 $pT_i$ ATCC 15955가 200 kbases(kb)로 $pT_1KW_2$가 87 kb로 관찰 되었다. 아울러 cctopine은 $W_1-W_6$ 및 $P_1-P_3$균에 의한 tumor조직에서 관찰 되었고 이들균을 octopine type균으로 사료 되었다.