• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.237-243
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• 2006

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of frozen-thawed ET in poor prognosis patients such as the old age (38~44 years; OA group) and the patients who did not achieve clinical pregnancy with the first fresh ET cycle (non-pregnant patients; NP group). Methods: Laboratory and clinical data were collected from fresh and frozen-thawed ET cycles of OA and NP group. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and conventional insemination or ICSI, in vitro culture and ET were performed by routine procedures. Supernumerary embryos were frozen by the slow freezing method, and frozen embryos were thawed by the rapid thawing method. Embryo development, pregnancy and implantation rates were statistically analyzed by Student t-test and chi square test Results: Mean ages were similar between fresh ET ($40.0{\pm}1.8$ years, n=206) and frozen-thawed ET ($39.9{\pm}1.9$ years, n=69) cycles in OA group. However, the clinical pregnancy and implantation rate of subsequent frozen-thawed ET significantly higher than those of fresh ET cycles (29.0% and 11.2% vs. 16.5% and 7.0%, p<0.05). In NP group, there was no difference in the mean age between fresh ET ($31.2{\pm}2.3$ years, n=40) and frozen-thawed ET ($31.9{\pm}3.1$ years, n=119) in subsequent cycles. The clinical pregnancy and implantation rates were similar between the subsequent fresh ET (42.5% and 22.6%) and the frozen-thawed ET (40.3% and 18.8%). Conclusion: In old age patients, higher pregnancy rate of frozen-thawed ET compared to fresh ET cycles in this study. It may be related that better uterine environments for implantation in frozen-thawed ET cycles than that of non-physiological hormonal condition in uterus of fresh COH cycles.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.27-27
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• 2018

The production scale of mushroom cultivation in Korea is approximately 600 billion won, which is 1.6% of the Korean gross agricultural output. Annually, ca. 190,000 tons of mushrooms are harvested in Korea. Although the numbers of mushroom farms and cultivators are constantly decreasing, the total mushroom yields are increasing due to the large-scale cultivation facilities and automation. The recent expansion of the well-being trend causes increase in mushroom consumption in Korea: annual per capita consumption of mushroom was 3.9kg ('13) that is a little higher than European's average. Thus the exports of mushrooms, mainly Flammulina velutipes and Pleurotus ostreatus, have been increased since the middle of 2000s. Recently, however, it is slightly reduced. However, Vietnam, Hong Kong, the United States, the Netherlands and continued to export, and the country has increased recently been exported to Australia, Canada, Southeast Asia and so on. Canned foods of Agaricus bisporus was the first exports of the Korean mushroom industry. This business has reached the peak of the sale in 1977-1978. As Korea initiated trade with China in 1980, the international prices of mushrooms were sharply fall that led to shrink the domestic markets. According to the high demand to develop new items to substitute for A. bisporus, oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) was received the attention since it seems to suit the taste of Korean consumers. Although log cultivation technique was developed in the early 1970s for oyster mushroom, this method requires a great deal of labor. Thus we developed shelf cultivation technique which is easier to manage and allows the mass production. In this technique, the growing shelf is manly made from fermented rice straw, that is the unique P. ostreatus medium in the world, was used only in South Korea. After then, the use of cotton wastes as an additional material of medium, the productivity. Currently it is developing a standard cultivation techniques and environmental control system that can stably produce mushrooms throughout the year. The increase of oyster mushroom production may activate the domestic market and contribute to the industrial development. In addition, oyster mushroom production technology has a role in forming the basis of the development of bottle cultivation. Developed mushroom cultivation technology using bottles made possible the mass production. In particular, bottle cultivation method using a liquid spawn can be an opportunity to export the F.velutipes and P.eryngii. In addition, the white varieties of F.velutipes were second developed in the world after Japan. We also developed the new A.bisporus cultivar "Sae-ah" that is easy to grown in Korea. To lead the mushroom industry, we will continue to develop the cultivars with an international competitive power and to improve the cultivation techniques. Mushroom research in Korea nowadays focuses on analysis of mushroom genetics in combination with development of new mushroom varieties, mushroom physiology and cultivation. Further studied are environmental factors for cultivation, disease control, development and utilization of mushroom substrate resources, post-harvest management and improvement of marketable traits. Finally, the RDA manages the collection, classification, identification and preservation of mushroom resources. To keep up with the increasing application of biotechnology in agricultural research the genome project of various mushrooms and the draft of the genetic map has just been completed. A broad range of future studies based on this project is anticipated. The mushroom industry in Korea continually grows and its productivity rapidly increases through the development of new mushrooms cultivars and automated plastic bottle cultivation. Consumption of medicinal mushrooms like Ganoderma lucidum and Phellinus linteus is also increasing strongly. Recently, business of edible and medicinal mushrooms was suffering under over-production and problems in distribution. Fortunately, expansion of the mushroom export helped ease the negative effects for the mushroom industry.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 1998

Purpose : We conducted clonogenic assay using human cancer cell lines (MKN-45, PC-14, Y-79, HeLa) to investigate a correlation between the parameters of radiosensitivity. Materials and Methods : Human cancer cell lines were irradiated with single doses of 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10Gy for the study of radiosensitivity and subrethal damage repair capacity was assessed with two fractions of 5Gy separated with a time interval of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 24 hours. Surviving fraction was assessed with clonogenic assay using $Sperman-H\"{a}rbor$ method and mathematical analysis of survival curves was done with linear-quadratic (LQ) , multitarget-single hit(MS) model and mean inactivation dose$(\v{D})$. Results : Surviving fractions at 2Gy(SF2) were variable among the cell lines, ranged from 0.174 to 0.85 The SF2 of Y-79 was lowest and that of PC-14 was highest(p<0.05, t-test). LQ model analysis showed that the values of $\alpha$ for Y-79, MKN-45, HeLa and PC-14 were 0.603, 0.356, 0.275 and 0.102 respectively, and those of $\beta$ were 0.005, 0.016, 0.025 and 0.027 respectively. Fitting to MS model showed that the values of Do for Y-79. MKN-45, HeLa and PC-14 were 1.59. 1.84. 1.88 and 2.52 respectively, and those of n were 0.97, 1.46, 1.52 and 1 69 respectively. The $\v{D}s$ calculated by Gauss-Laguerre method were 1.62, 2.37, 2,01 and 3.95 respectively So the SF2 was significantly correlated with $\alpha$, Do and $\v{D}$. Their Pearson correlation coefficiencics were -0.953 and 0,993. 0.999 respectively(p<0.05). Sublethal damage repair was saturated around 4 hours and recovery ratios (RR) at plateau phase ranged from 2 to 3.79. But RR was not correlated with SF2, ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$, Do, $\v{D}$. Conclusion : The intrinsic radiosensitivity was very different among the tested human cell lines. Y-79 was the most sensitive and PC-l4 was the least sensitive. SF2 was well correlated with ${\alpha}$, Do, and $\v{D}$. RR was high for MKN-45 and HeLa but had nothing to do with radiosensitivity parameters. These basic parameters can be used as baseline data for various in vitro radiobiological experiments.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.407-414
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• 2009

The solid complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II) and Fe(III) with 4-hydroxy-3-(1-{2-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)- amino phenylimino}-ethyl)-6-methy-pyran-2-one (H2L) derived from o-phenylenediamine, 3-acetyl- 6-methyl-(2H) pyran, 2,4 (3H)-dione (dehydroacetic acid or DHA) and salicylic aldehyde have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, conductometry, magnetic susceptibility, UV-visible, IR, $^1H$-NMR spectra, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and screened for antimicrobial activity. The IR spectral data suggest that the ligand behaves as a dibasic tetradentate ligand with ONNO donor atoms sequence towards central metal ion. From the microanalytical data, the stoichiometry of the complexes has been found to be 1:1 (metal: ligand). The physico-chemical data suggests square planar geometry for Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes and octahedral geometry for Co(II), Mn(II) and Fe(III) complexes. The x-ray differaction data suggests orthorhombic crystal system for Cu(II) complex, monoclinic crystal system for Ni(II), Co(II) and Fe(III) and tetragonal crystal system for Mn(II) complex. Thermal behaviour (TG/DTA) of the complexes was studied and kinetic parameters were determined by Coats-Redfern method. The ligand and their metal complexes were screened for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and fungicidal activity against Aspergillus Niger and Trichoderma.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.41-47
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• 2009

Background: Discogenic pain can develop into chronic low back pain that is very difficult to treat effectively, because the pathogenesis of the disease still remains controversial. To clarify the pathogenesis, numerous animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration have been proposed in the literature, each with attendant advantages and disadvantages. The aim of this study was to determine the most efficacious method and dose of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection into intervertebral disc to develop a discogenic pain in a rat. Methods: CFA was injected into the L5-L6 or L4-L5 disc of male Sprague-Dawley rats in various conditions including a dose of CFA (10, 20, or 50 uL), drilling, injection site sealing using cyanoacrylate, and injection velocity. Sham animals were subjected to the same procedure, except for the CFA injection. Mechanical and heat allodynia were serially measured at both hindpaws until 8 weeks post-operatively. Serial MRI analyses were performed to observe degenerative changes of the discs. In addition, CGRP & Substance P-immunoreactivities (ir) in the superficial dorsal horn were evaluated at 4 weeks using immunohistochemistry. Results: Each condition provoked various problems such as development of hindpaw paralysis, CFA leakage, and no pain development. Mid-sagittal T2 MRI revealed no significant degenerative changes in the CFA injected disc. The CGRP-ir of the bilateral superficial dorsal horns at the level of L5-L6 was significantly increased in the CFA group. Conclusions: A total of 10 uL CFA injection into L5-L6 disc for a period of 10 minutes using a 26-gauge needle without drilling was the most efficacious way to develop discogenic pain animal model.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2011

Objectives To evaluate the drug interactions between aripiprazole and haloperidol, authors investigated plasma concentrations of those drugs by genotypes. Method Fifty six patients with a confirmed Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition diagnosis of schizophrenia were enrolled in this eight-week, double blind, placebo-controlled study. Twenty-eight patients received adjunctive aripiprazole treatment and twenty-eight patients received placebo while being maintained on haloperidol treatment. Aripiprazole was dosed at 15 mg/day for the first 4 weeks, and then 30 mg for the next 4 weeks. The haloperidol dose remained fixed throughout the study. Plasma concentrations of haloperidol and aripiprazole were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) at baseline, week 1, 2, 4 and 8. $^*1$, $^*5$, and $^*10$ B alleles of CYP2D6 and $^*1$ and $^*3$ alleles of CYP3A5 were determined. The Student's T-test, Pearson's Chi-square test, Wilcoxon Rank Sum test and Logistic Regression analysis were used for data analysis. All tests were two-tailed and significance was defined as an alpha < 0.05. Results In the frequency of CYP2D6 genotype, $^*1/^*10$ B type was most frequent (36.5%) and $^*1/^*1$ (30.8%), $^*10B/^*10B$ (17.3%) types followed. In the frequency of CYP3A5 genotype, $^*3/^*3$ type was found in 63.5% of subjects, and $^*1/^*3$ type and $^*1/^*1$ were 30.8% and 5.8% respectively. The plasma levels of haloperidol and its metabolites did not demonstrate significant time effects and time-group interactions after adjunctive treatment of aripiprazole. The genotypes of CYP2D6 and 3A5 did not affect the plasma concentration of haloperidol in this trial. No serious adverse event was found after adding aripiprazole to haloperidol. Conclusion No significant drug interaction was found between haloperidol and aripiprazole. Genotypes of CYP2D6 and 3A5 did not affect the concentration of haloperidol after adding aripiprazole.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.593-605
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• 2009

Objectives : In an aging society, as the necessity of the elderly oral health care was increased, the oral health dimensions was a lot more visible important to a community public health service for the quality of life improvement. In oral health care of the elderly, the periodic scaling treatment was required to manage periodontal tissue care. Methods : So, the 319 elderly people were selected by a random sampling method, those who are visitors of 5 public health centers in the South Jeolla Province. based on the findings of personal interview questionnaires and oral health states from these elderly subjects, we made a comparative analysis of oral health states of the elderly scaling program subjects. Results : 1. Among the participants, 52.4% of the elderly benefited from scaling care project otherwise 47.6%, the subjects with periodontal diseases were 78.4%, whereas 21.6% of the ones who don't. 2. In regard to perceptions of oral cavity abnormal symptoms, findings revealed that the teeth smart sensation with something cold was 'yes' 62.7%, 'No' 37.3%, gingival bleeding was 'yes' 61.4%, 'No' 38.6%, oral odor(halitosis) was 'yes' 63.3%, 'No' 36.7%, and dried mouth was 'yes' 63.3%, 'No' 36.7%. 3. The study data showed 73.2% of periodontal disease subjects, and 24.6% of no periodontal diseases responded that they have hyperesthesia and 67.6% of periodontal diseases, 39.1% no periodontal diseases responded that they have gingival bleeding. 4. In comparison of the presence of periodontal disease with scaling service program state, it is show that the elderly scaling service program was significant statistically in Elderly's periodontal disease prevention. according to analysis, 52.4% of the subjects with and 34.8% of no periodontal diseases received the Elderly scaling service program(p<0.05). Conclusions : Therefore, oral health care of the elderly, a community public health service the periodic scaling treatment was required to manage periodontal tissue care.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.343-350
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• 2003

This study was conducted to find out the coefficient relationships between intensity values of image processing and biological/physical parameters of soil in greenhouses. Soil images were obtained by an image processing system consisting of a personal computer and a CCD earners. A software written in Visual C$\^$++/ systematically integrated the functions of image capture, image processing, and image analysis. Image processing data of the soil samples were analyzed by the method of regression analysis. The results are as follows. For detecting soil density of unbroken soil samples, the highest correlation coefficients of 0.82 and 0.84, respectively were obtained fur R-value and S-value among image processing data while it was 0.97 for G-value. Considering the relationship between biological characteristics and image processing data of soil in greenhouse, the correlation was found generally low. For pH of unbroken soil sample, the correlation coefficients were found 0.87, 0.85, and 0.94, respectively with G, I, and H values of image processing data. In the case of bacteria, any correlation was not found with the image processing data For Actinomyctes, they were 0.86 and 0.85, respectively with G-value and B-value of image processing data showing high correlation coefficient compared to the other variables. The correlation coefficient between Fungi and H-value was shown 0.88, the highest among the variables higher than 0.8 while the other variables showed low correlation. For broken soil samples from greenhouse, the relation between biological parameter and image processing data were rarely shown in this study. The results of this study indicated that most of correlation coefficient between the variables were usually lower than 0.01. Accordingly, it was assumed that the soil should be used without broken to fairly estimate biological characteristics using CCD camera.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to help apply spiritual care in clinics by testing whether spiritual support like prayer and praise, which is appled on a patient who has been cared for by Facility Hospice can have an effect on their physical pain, emotional anxietv, loneliness and well being. Method: This research was done on a subject patient who had been hospitalized in Saemmul from Jan, 2002 to June, 2003, and who could easily communicate. Questionnaire of quality of life, they had this test from the date of admission into the hospital 1week, 3week, 5week later. The Target was 182 people for the hospital data, 124 people after one week, 84 people after 3 weeks and 54 people after for 5 weeks later. For statistics, SPSS for Window(SPSS inc. ver.10), student T-test and one way ANOVA were used. The interrelation between pray and pain was analyzed by the "Pearson correlation". In case where the P-value was below 0.05, we concluded it had statistical-value. Results: When we compared both the party which had a low degree of peace by prayer and praise and the B party which had the highest degree, B party had an increasing tendency for less anxiety and loneliness and more well-being. Each of the data 0, 1, 3 and 5 week showed visible difference between both parties. Conclusion: First, in case that a late cancer patient is hospitalized, the difference for tranquility and pain control by prayer and praise is not noticeable. While, 1 and 3 weeks later, the difference is visible, so we concluded the relationship between the cancer patient's spiritual tranquility and physical pain are closely related with each other. Also the patients who are in spiritual peace by prayer and praise can control the pain better than the other patients. Second, because the patient who can feel calm from the data of being admitted into the hospital is mentally calm, both party's difference is noticeable in each period of the 1, 3 and 5th week. Compared with other patients, the object patients who have spiritual tranquility will have less anxiety and loneliness and more tranquility.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.56-56
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• 2001

The exogenous gene transfer by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedure has been recently used to produce transgenic mice and pigs. Sperm-mediated DNA transfer has the potential to markedly simplify the generation of transgenic animals. This method may serve as an alternative to the pronucleus injection of DNA for the production of transgenic pigs. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the expression of transgene after co-injection of spermatozoon or sperm head with green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene into in vitro matured porcine oocytes. Spermatozoon and sperm head, that was obtained by sonication, were treated with 0.03% Triton X-100 to remove the membrane. They were preincubated with linearized pEGFP-N1 for 1 min, and then embryos cultured NCSU23 medium for 2.5 days after co-injected of sperm and DNA. We monitored expression of GFP in embryos under epifluorescent microscope. The remove of sperm membrane did not alter the developmental competence of embryos after ICSI. At 7 days following injection, the rates of blastocysts following injection of intact sperm (15.0%), and of sperm with disrupted membrane (14.2%) were higher than that following IVF (10.0%). Porcine oocytes injected with sperm which co-cultured with DNA concentration of 1, 0.1, and 0.01 ng were 60, 65.7 and 75% and 18.5, 37.4 and 22.2% for rates of cleavage and GFP expression, respectively. In vitro matured porcine oocytes injected with sperm and isolated sperm head resulted in 69 and 59.7% of cleavage rates, respectively The rates of embryo GFP expressed did not significantly different between sperm (20.4%) and sperm head (20.0%) injection. The transgenic embryos with the clusters of positive blastomeres were observed under fluorescent microscope. Most of embryos expressed GFP gene showed mosaicism. They showed GFP expression at 1/4, 2/4 and 3/4 of blastomeres at the 4-cell stage. Among these 4-cell embryos, the expression rate of 1/4 blastomere group (54.6%) was higher than the other groups (15.3-30.7%). These results indicate that membrane disrupted sperm could attach with exogenous DNA, and that this procedure may be useful to introduce foreign gene into porcine oocytes. Therefore, our data suggest that the ICSI car be a useful tool to efficiently produce transgenic pig as well as other mammals.