• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.343-354
• /
• 2019

The present study demonstrates the application of seismic petrophysics and amplitude versus angle (AVA) forward modeling to identify the reservoir fluids, discriminate their saturation levels and natural gas composition. Two case studies of the Lumshiwal Formation (mainly sandstone) of the Lower Cretaceous age have been studied from the Kohat Sub-basin and the Middle Indus Basin of Pakistan. The conventional angle-dependent reflection amplitudes such as P converted P ($R_{PP}$) and S ($R_{PS}$), S converted S ($R_{SS}$) and P ($R_{SP}$) and newly developed AVA attributes (${\Delta}R_{PP}$, ${\Delta}R_{PS}$, ${\Delta}R_{SS}$ and ${\Delta}R_{SP}$) are analyzed at different gas saturation levels in the reservoir rock. These attributes are generated by taking the differences between the water wet reflection coefficient and the reflection coefficient at unknown gas saturation. Intercept (A) and gradient (B) attributes are also computed and cross-plotted at different gas compositions and gas/water scenarios to define the AVO class of reservoir sands. The numerical simulation reveals that ${\Delta}R_{PP}$, ${\Delta}R_{PS}$, ${\Delta}R_{SS}$ and ${\Delta}R_{SP}$ are good indicators and able to distinguish low and high gas saturation with a high level of confidence as compared to conventional reflection amplitudes such as P-P, P-S, S-S and S-P. In A-B cross-plots, the gas lines move towards the fluid (wet) lines as the proportion of heavier gases increase in the Lumshiwal Sands. Because of the upper contacts with different sedimentary rocks (Shale/Limestone) in both wells, the same reservoir sand exhibits different response similar to AVO classes like class I and class IV. This study will help to analyze gas sands by using amplitude based attributes as direct gas indicators in further gas drilling wells in clastic successions.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.473-482
• /
• 2015

Let Qf be the maximal derivative of f with respect to the Bergman metric $b_B$. In this paper, we will find conditions such that $(1-{\parallel}z{\parallel})^s(Qf)^p(z)$ is bounded on B. We will also find conditions such that Bergman projection type operator $P_r$ is bounded operator from $L^p(B,d{\mu}_r)$ to the holomorphic Besov p-space Bs $B^s_p(B)$ with weight s.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.10
• /
• pp.166-173
• /
• 2020

The purpose of the present study was to validate the Need for Closure Scale-Short Form (NFCS-SF), which measures the need for cognitive closure. Participants completed questionnaires regarding need for cognitive closure, intolerance of uncertainty, depression, and anxiety. Of the 536 data collected between May and July 2017, data from a total of 495 participants were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and M-Plus. The results of the study are as follows. First, a 15-item selection comprised three items from each facet scale via exploratory factor analysis. Second, the NFCS-SF demonstrated good internal consistency (Study 1, Cronbach's α=.85; Study 2, Cronbach's α=.84). Third, the results of the confirmatory factor analyses supported a 5-factor model (χ2(80)=178.34, p<.001; CFI=.87, TLI=.83, RMSEA=.07, SRMR=.08). Fourth, the NFCS-SF showed significant correlation with the measures of intolerance of uncertainty (r=.58, p<.01), depression (r=.16, p<.05), and anxiety (state anxiety, r=.31, p<.01; trait anxiety, r=.29, as well as the NFCS (r=.86, p<.01). Based on these findings, significance and limitations of the results as well as suggestions for further study are discussed.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.12 no.8
• /
• pp.43-54
• /
• 2014

Purpose - This study was based on a theoretical consideration of the structural relationship between the support and control of the franchisor and the satisfaction and strategic response (voice, loyalty, exit, neglect) of the franchisee. First, based on the preceding research, this study systematically organized the type of support and control of the franchisor. Second, the study examined the effects of a franchisor's support and control on the expectancy disconfirmation between affiliated franchisees' expectations before a franchise agreement and performance after operating an affiliated store. Third, the study looked into the effects of expectancy disconfirmation relating to a franchisor's support and control on an affiliated franchisees' general satisfaction. Fourth, this study examined the influence of the general satisfaction of a franchisee on affiliated franchisees' response strategies. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, the population comprised the nation's franchisors, and the sample comprised franchisees conducting business in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. A self-administered questionnaire was used; the author and examiner explained the study's parameters to the interviewees in advance, to lessen the rate of rejection of the answers and to maintain reliability. The author distributed 350 copies of the questionnaire and collected 327 copies (93.4%). The author removed 54 copies of the sample, as these copies belonged to franchisees that were not registered by the Fair Trade Commission and/or were thought to have either defects or inadequate answers. The author selected an effective sample of 273 copies to enter data and to do the statistical analysis. Results - Both a reliability analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis were performed to measure reliability and validity, and a structural equation model was used to conduct the hypothesis test and investigate the models. The hypothesis was tested (Table 5). The models had a suitable fit, for instance, χ² = 447.663(df = 212, p = .000), χ²/df = 2.112, GFI = .881, AGFI = .858, RMR = .083, RMSEA = .067, NFI = .932, and CFI = .961. The hypothesis test results were as follows. Hypothesis 1 was accepted (C.R. = -2.339, p = .019). Hypothesis 2 was accepted (C.R. = 15.213, p = .000). Hypothesis 3 was accepted (C.R. = -2.631, p = .006). Hypothesis 4 was accepted (C.R. = 16.271, p = .000). Hypothesis 5 was accepted (C.R. = 2.391, p = .017). Hypothesis 6 was accepted (C.R. = 5.777, p = .000). Hypothesis 7 was accepted (C.R. = 17.153, p = .000). Hypothesis 8 was accepted (C.R. = 24.746, p = .000). Hypothesis 9 was accepted (C.R. = -10.150, p = .000). Hypothesis 10 was accepted (C.R. = -12.124, p = .000). Conclusions - The research results showed that expectations for a franchisor's support and control had a significant influence on expectation disconfirmation in a negative way, whereas the performance of support and control were found to have a significant influence on expectation disconfirmation in a positive way. In addition, the expectation disconfirmation of support and control was found to have a significant influence on satisfaction of franchisees in a positive way. Generally, regarding the research on control, control is found to have a negative influence on the satisfaction of franchisees, but this study proves that control is found to affect it in a positive way through conformity.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.167-175
• /
• 2023

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of occupational therapist's sleep quality and examine the correlation between sleep quality and job stress. We also investigated the effects of the occupational therapist's sleep quality on job stress. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the importance of sleep quality and find a way to reduce job stress in occupational therapists. Methods : We conducted a study from November 7 to from December 23, 2022. To assess sleep quality and job stress, sleep quality of scale and Korean occupational stress scale-SF (KOSS-SF) were used. The general characteristics, sleep quality, job stress were examined using a frequency analysis and presented with descriptive statistics. The pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine, whether there was a correlation between sleep quality and job stress. To find what factors have and effect on job stress, we conducted a multiple regression analysis. A significance level of α=.05 was used to verify statistical significance. Results : First, average sleep quality score was 2.10±.19. Second, a significant correlation was found between sleep quality and job stress (p<.01). And As a result of the relationship between sleep quality sub-factors and job stress, day time dysfunction (r=.23, p<.01), restoration (r=.18, p<.05), difficulty of falling asleep (r=.38, p<.01). difficulty of awakening (r=.36, p<.01), satisfaction (r=.33, p<.01) and difficulty of maintaining sleep (r=.24, p<.05) showed a statistically significant relationship with job stress. Third, the sub-factors of sleep quality influencing job stress were difficulty of falling asleep (β =.26, p<.01), difficulty of awakening (β=.23, p<.01) and satisfaction (β=.21, p<.01). Conclusion : The results of this study, demonstrated the importance of sleep quality in affecting job stress. Therefore, follow-up studies are, necessary to develop interventions to improve, occupational therapist's sleep quality in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.8
• /
• pp.164-171
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to identify the level of father-child attachment and to explore possible factors that may influence such attachment level in marital satisfaction, marital conflict, parenting stress, and parenting attitudes. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire from 131 fathers living in B city, between February 16 and August 16 in 2014. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statics, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression with SPSS 21.0 program. The mean of father-child's attachment was $3.79{\pm}0.47$. The level of father-child attachment was different according to monthly income (f=5.25, p<.010). There was a significantly positive correlation between father-child attachment and father's marital satisfaction (r=.28, p=.001). Father-child attachment was negatively correlated with father's marital conflict (r=-.23, p=.01), parenting stress (r=-.44, p<.001), acceptance-rejection (r=-.64, p<.001), and control (r=-.30, p<.001), with statistical significance. The acceptance-rejection attitude of father had significant effects on father-child attachment and accounted for 40% of the total variance of the attachment. These results indicated that decreasing the father's acceptance-rejection attitude could be effective in improving father-child attachment.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.26 no.4 s.87
• /
• pp.551-561
• /
• 1998

Plasma membrane from the fungal cells (Aspergillus phoenicis, Rhizopus acidus, Candida albicans) treated with sodium benzoate (S.B), potassium sorbate (P.S) and calcium propionate (C.P) during the cultivation were separated. The contents and patterns of plasma membrane proteins compared with those of the control. The growth of A. phoenicis was decreased by the average 64.0% in the S.B treatment. That of R. acidus was inhibited by the average 69.0% in the P.S treatment. Also, That of C. albicans was showed the deminution of the average 59.5% in the S.B treatment. The contents of protein involved in the plasma membrane of the each fungal cells were inhibited the average 41.0%, 41.7% and 59.5% in the S.B treatment, respectively. In case of A. phoenicis, the changes in the protein pattern involved in the plasma membraneshowed the aspect similar to the control on the 1st day and 2nd day of cultivation in the treatment group, but $116\;KD{\sim}97\;KD$ band almost disappeared in the 5th day of cultivation, and $45\;KD{\sim}29\;KD$ band was uncleared through the cultivation. In S.B treatment group R. acidus was showed the loss of $116\;KD{\sim}97\;KD$ band from the middle stage of cultivation and P.S, and C.P treatment group were started the loss at the early stage and completely lost at the 36 hours of cultivation. In C. albicans, $116\;KD{\sim}97\;KD$ band were started the loss at the early stage to compare with the control and $66\;KD{\sim}45\;KD$ band were dimmed at the 96 hours of cultivation. Especially, the C.P treatment group were perfectly lost at the 96 hours of cultivation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.11
• /
• pp.4545-4548
• /
• 2014

Objective: To investigate the changes of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (SIL-2R) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) contents in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) before and after percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT) and determine their clinical significance. Materials and Methods: Fasting venous blood (3 mL) from 81 patients with primary HCC diagnosed by pathology was collected in the mornings 1 day before PMCT, and 1 day, 7 days and 1 month after PMCT, and then the serum was separated and stored in $-70^{\circ}C$. The contents of VEGF, SIL-2R and HGF were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The serum VEGF, SIL-2R and HGF contents in 81 patients with primary HCC had obviously dynamic changes before and after PMCT. By comparison to 1 day after PMCT with pre-operation, there was no statistical significance regarding VEGF and SIL-2R contents (P>0.05), but HGF content showed significant difference (P<0.01). Compared with pre-operation, VEGF, SIL-2R and HGF contents 7 days and 1 month after PMCT all manifested significant differences (P<0.01). By comparison to 7 days with 1 month after PMCT, there was no statistical significance regarding the VEGF content (P>0.05), whereas SIL-2R and HGF contents showed significant change (P<0.01). Conclusions: The contents of serum VEGF, SIL-2R and HGF have obviously dynamic changes in primary HCC before and after PMCT, and their joint detection is expected to be an effective hematologic evaluation index of PMCT for primary HCC.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.61-64
• /
• 1993

In this paper, we show that if R is a local-global domain then the Question holds. McDonald and Waterhouse in [6] and Estes and Guralnick in [5] introduced the concept of local-global rings (so called rings with many units) independently. A local-global ring is a commutative ring R with 1 satisfying; if a polynomial f in R[ $x_{1}$, .., $x_{n}$] represents a unit over $R_{P}$ for every maximal ideal P in R, then f represents a unit over R. Such rings include semilocal rings, or more generally, rings which are von Neumann regular mod their Jacobson radical, and the ring of all algebraic integers.s.s.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.10a
• /
• pp.1448-1451
• /
• 2008

In this paper we investigate, on the basis of experimental data, the correlations between contamination issues occurring during production process steps and final PDP operational parameters: these reciprocal relations are the result of dynamic equilibria established within the PDP system, amongst residual gases and sorbed species interacting with heat, ions and photons.