• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1895-1903
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• 2013

Background: It is well established that a healthy lifestyle is of benefit in the prevention of diseases such as cancer and promotion of well-being. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine lifestyle practice and associated factors among university students in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted over six months from November 2011 until May 2012 among the students from the Management and Science University. This study was approved by its ethical committee, the students being explained the objective and invited to participate. A consent form was signed by all study participants. Questionnaire was distributed randomly to the students of the five faculties through their lecturers in different faculty. For univariate analysis t-test and ANOVA test were performed. Multiple linear regression used for multivariate analysis using SPSS 13.0. Results: A total number of 1100 students participated with a mean age of $22.1{\pm}2.21$ (SD) years. The majority were 22 years or younger (56.3%), female (54%), Malay (61.5%), single (92.3%), with family monthly income ${\geq}5000$ Ringgit Malaysia (41.2%). Regarding lifestyle, about were 31.6% smokers, 75.6% never drank alcohol and 53.7% never exercised. Multivariate analysis showed that age, sex, race, parent marital status, participant marital status, type of faculty, living status, smoking status, exercise, residency, brushing teeth, fiber intake and avoid fatty food significantly influenced the practice of drinking alcohol among university students (p=0.006, p=0.042, p<0.001, p=0.003, p=0.002, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.003, p<0.001; respectively). It similarly showed that sex, race, parent marital status, participant marital status, monthly family income, exercise, residency, brushing teeth and fiber intake significantly influenced the practice of sun protection (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.017, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001; respectively) and that age, sex, parent marital status, participant marital status, type of faculty, living status, exercise, taking non-prescribed medication, brushing the teeth, coffee consumption and fiber intake were significantly influenced the practice of fruits consumption (p=0.008, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.002, p<0.001, P<0.001; respectively). Conclusions: This study showed a poor practice of healthy lifestyle among university students. Therefore universities should emphasize a healthy lifestyle in all faculties as a required subject. Socio-demographic characteristics significantly influenced practice and thus should be considered when planning preventive measures among university students. Frequent campaigns and educational seminars are to be encouraged.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.118-122
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• 2003

To develop vector plasmid for the bacteriophage P2-P4 system which is a useful experimental tool for the study of viral capsid assembly, we constructed a new P4-derived vector plasmid starting from P4 ash8 sid71 With recombinant DNA technology, a portion of P4 genome was deleted and tetracyclin resistance gene (terR) was introduced into P4 genome to give P4 selectivity. Resulting P4 ash8(sid71) terR was 12.09 kb long and could be converted to a viable bacteriophage with P2 infection. The burst size of induced bacteriophage form of P4 ash8(sid71) terR was determined. The CsCl buoyant equilibrium density gradient experiment of new P4 derivative suggested the upper limit of packaging capacity in P2-size head.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4315-4320
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• 2012

Background: The P53 tumor suppressor gene plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by preventing the propagation of genome mutations. P53 in its transcriptionally active form is capable of activating distinct target genes that contribute to either apoptosis or growth arrest, like P21. However, the MDM2 gene is a major negative regulator of P53. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in codon Arg72Pro of P53 results in impairment of the tumor suppressor activity of the gene. A similar effect is caused by a SNP in codon 31 of P21. In contrast, a SNP in position 309 of MDM2 results in increased expression due to substitution of thymine by guanine. All three polymorphisms have been associated with increased risk of tumorigenesis. Aim of the study: We aimed to study the prevalence of SNPs in the P53 pathway involving the three genes, P53, P21 and MDM2, among acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and to compare it to apparently normal healthy controls for assessment of impact on risk. Results: We found that the P21 ser31arg heterozygous polymorphism increases the risk of AML (P value=0.017, OR=2.946, 95% CI=1.216-7.134). Although the MDM2 309G allele was itself without affect, it showed a synergistic effect with P21 ser/arg polymorphism (P value=0.003, OR=6.807, 95% CI=1.909-24.629). However, the MDM2 309T allele abolish risk effect of the P21 polymorphic allele (P value=0.71). There is no significant association of P53 arg72pro polymorphism on the risk of AML. Conclusion: We suggest that SNPs in the P53 pathway, especially the P21 ser31arg polymorphism and combined polymorphisms especially the P21/MDM2 might be genetic susceptibility factors in the pathogenesis of AML.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.483-488
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• 2012

In this paper we introduce the notion of P-strongly regular near-ring. We have shown that a zero-symmetric near-ring N is P-strongly regular if and only if N is P-regular and P is a completely semiprime ideal. We have also shown that in a P-strongly regular near-ring N, the following holds: (i) $Na$ + P is an ideal of N for any $a{\in}N$. (ii) Every P-prime ideal of N containing P is maximal. (iii) Every ideal I of N fulfills I + P = $I^2$ + P.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1466-1480
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• 2019

This paper addresses the efficient processing of all-farthest-neighbors (AFN) queries in spatial network databases. Given a set of data points P={p₁,p₂,…,p_|p|} in a spatial network, where the distance between two data points p and s, denoted by dist (p,s), is the length of the shortest path between them, an AFN query is defined as follows: find the farthest neighbor ω(p)∈P of each data point p such that dist(p,ω(p)) ≥ dist(p,s) for all s∈P. In this paper, we propose a shared execution algorithm called FAST (for All-Farthest-neighbors Search in spatial neTworks). Extensive experiments on real-world roadmaps confirm the efficiency and scalability of the FAST algorithm, while demonstrating a speedup of up to two orders of magnitude over a conventional solution.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.693-705
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• 2013

This study was conducted to identify adults' knowledge, dietary behavior related to sodium, the attitude towards a low-salt diet, and to examine the relation between these variables. The participants were 366 adults in Jeonbuk area. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients, ANOVA and Duncan test with SPSS v. 12.0. The score for participants' knowledge about sodium was 12.32 points of a possible 16, the score for dietary behavior related to sodium was 45.74 points of a possible 70, and their score for attitude towards a low-salt diet was 30.35 points of a possible 50. The knowledge showed significant differences by gender (p<.05), and concern about health (p<.05). The dietary behavior of sodium use showed significant differences by gender (p<.001), age (p<.001), educational level (p<.05), job (p<.001), income (p<.05), BMI (p<.05), smoking (p<.01), drinking (p<.01), exercise (p<.05), regularity of health checkup (p<.001), and concern about health (p<.01). The attitude towards a low-salt diet showed significant differences by gender (p<.001), age (p<.001), job (p<.001), income (p<.001), smoking (p<.05), regularity of health checkup (p<.001), and concern about health (p<.001). There was a significant positive correlation between knowledge about sodium, dietary behavior related to sodium, attitude towards a low-salt diet. Dietary behavior related to sodium showed a positive correlation with attitudes towards a low-salt diet. In conclusion, it is necessary to consider the related factors for the development and implementation of systematic education programs that can encourage and promote preventive dietary behavior for disease, e.g. stomach cancer, and hypertension among adults.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.453-458
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• 2009

Recently, new methods to synthesize and process polymers without toxic organic solvents are needed in order to solve environmental problems. The use of supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent for the polymer synthesis is attractive since it is non-toxic, non-flammable, naturally abundant, and the product may be easily separated from the solvent. In this study, we developed the method using super critical $CO_2$ to prepare P(MAA-co-EGMA) hydrogel nanoparticles as an intelligent drug delivery carrier. The effects of concentrations of PtBuMA-PEO as a dispersion stabilizer and AIBN as an initiator on the particle synthesis were investigated. When PtBuMA-PEO concentration increased, the particle size decreased. However, there was no significant difference in the particle size according to the AIBN concentration. There was a drastic change of the equilibrium weight swelling ratio of P(MAA-co-EGMA) hydrogel nanoparticles at a pH of around 5, which is the $pK_a$ of PMAA. At a pH below 5, the hydrogels were in a relatively collapsed state but at a pH higher than 5, the hydrogels swelled to a high degree. In release experiments using Rh-B as a model solute, the P(MAA-co-EGMA) hydrogel nanoparticles showed a pH-sensitive release behavior. At low pH(pH 4.0) a small amount of Rh-B was released while at high pH(pH 6.0) a relatively large amount of Rh-B was released from the hydrogels.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.164-169
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• 1995

An endogenous cryptic plasmid, pBL1, which has been used to construct plasmid vectors for coryneform bacteria producing amino acids, was eliminated from Brevibacterium lactofermentum. The pBL1 was partially digested with Sau3AI and the resulting DNA fragments were subcloned into a suicide vector pEM1 which contains a kanamycin-resistant (km$^{r}$) gene. KM$^{r}$ B. lactofermentum transconjugants were obtained by conjugal transfer of the pEM1 derivatives containing pBL1 DNA fragments from Escherichia coli into B. lactofermentum. A km$^{r}$ transconjugant was analyzed to contain a plasmid pEB14, which occurred in vivo by homologous recombination between pBL1 and the conjugal-transferred plasmid. The pEB14 including the pEM1-derived km$^{r}$ gene was found to be lost concomitantly with km$^{r}$ phenotype, resulting in the construction of a pBL1-free strain of B lactofermentum. Based on transformation efficiencies and plasmid stability, the resultant pBL1- free strain is more useful than wild strain as a host cell for genetic manipulation. It could be concluded that foreign plasmid DNAs are efficiently isolated and analyzed from the pBL1-free strain because of the absence of endogenous pBL1 plasmid.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.105-113
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• 2013

Antibacterial activity is an important feature for the development of antibiotics alternatives. Plant extract is considered as a promising alternative for organic farming. In this study, a total of 11 plants were extracted using ethanol to determine their antibacterial activities against to Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogens, Mannheimia haemolytica and Salmonella gallinarum. The synergistic interaction among plant extracts was also investigated. Plants used in this study were Carthamus nctoricus L. (pA), Poncirus trifollata Raf. (pB), Scutellaria balcalensis Georgi (pC) Prunus sargentii (pD), Cucurbita moschata $D_{UCH}$ Leaf (pE), Allium cepa L. peel (pF) Portulaca oleracea L. (pG), Xanthium strumarium L. (pH), Duchesnea chrysantha (pI), Cudrania tricuspidata (pJ) and Juniperus chinensis L. (pK). The pB and pA had the most broad antibacterial spectrum and the highest activity against to Staph. aureus among plant extract, respectively. In the synergistic interaction, the mixtures of pA and pC as well as pA and pF had batter antibacterial activity against to Staph. Aureus compared with other mixtures.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1015-1024
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• 2011

Mobile P2P protocols in ad-hoc networks have gained large attention recently. Although there has been much research on P2P algorithms for wired networks, existing P2P protocols are not suitable for mobile ad-hoc networks because they do not consider mobility of peers. This study proposes a new cluster-based P2P protocol for ad hoc networks which utilizes peer mobility. In typical cluster-based P2P algorithms, each cluster has a super peer and other peers of the cluster register their file list to the super peer. High mobility peers would cause a lot of file list registration traffic because they hand-off between clusters frequently. In the proposed scheme, while peers with low mobility behave in the same way as the peers of the typical cluster-based P2P schemes, peers with high mobility behave differently. They inform their entrance to the cluster region to the super peer but they do not register their file list to the super peer. When a peer wishes to find a file, it first searches the registered file list of the super peer and if fails, query message is broadcasted. We perform mathematical modeling, analysis and optimization of the proposed scheme regarding P2P traffic and associated routing traffic. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme performs much better than or similar to the typical cluster-based P2P scheme and flooding based Gnutella.