• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life (QoL) of parents/caregivers of children with cleft lip and/or palate before and after surgical repair of an orofacial cleft. Materials and Methods: Families of subjects who required either primary or secondary orofacial cleft repair who satisfied the inclusion criteria were recruited. A preoperative and postoperative health-related QoL questionnaire, the 'Impact on Family Scale' (IOFS), was applied in order to detect the subjectively perceived QoL in the affected family before and after surgical intervention. The mean pre- and postoperative total scores were compared using paired t-test. Pre- and postoperative mean scores were also compared across the 5 domains of the IOFS. Results: The proportion of families whose QoL was affected before surgery was 95.7%. The domains with the greatest impact preoperatively were the financial domain and social domains. Families having children with bilateral cleft lip showed QoL effects mostly in the social domain and 'impact on sibling' domain. Postoperatively, the mean total QoL score was significantly lower than the mean preoperative QoL score, indicating significant improvement in QoL (P<0.001). The mean postoperative QoL score was also significantly lower than the mean preoperative QoL score in all domains. Only 3.2% of the families reported affectation of their QoL after surgery. The domains of mastery (61.3%) with a mean of $7.4{\pm}1.8$ and finance (45.1%) with a mean score of $7.2{\pm}1.6$ were those showing the greatest postoperative impact. The proportion of families whose QoL was affected by orofacial cleft was markedly different after treatment (95.7% preoperative and 3.2% postoperative). Conclusion: Caring for children with orofacial clefts significantly reduces the QoL of parents/caregivers in all domains. However, surgical intervention significantly improves the QoL of the parents/caregivers of these children.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2013

Objectives The objective of present study was to investigate the effect of Ojeoksangamibang ($W\check{u}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) extract on recovery of liver function in carbontetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-exposed rat. Methods Male rats weighing $230{\pm}7.21g$ fed experimental diet for 1 week and 28 rats were divided into 4 groups. Each of 7 rats was devided into a control group and experimental groups. We fed a control group of rats a basal diet and administered normal saline (100 mg/kg, 1 time/1 day) for 3 weeks. And we fed each experimental group of rats basal diet and administered an extract of Ojeoksangamibang extracts (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 1 time/1 day) for 3 weeks. We measured lipid of plasma and liver, concentration of proinflammatory cytokines ($IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and IL-10). Statistical analysis was done by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's multiple range test with significance level at p<0.05. Results Plasma a-fetoprotein (AFP) and total protein concentration showed a tendency to decrease in Ojeoksangamibang extract-treated groups. However, plasma albumin concentration showed no significant differences in all treatment groups. Activity of plasma Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the Ojeoksangamibang extract-treated groups, increased addition amount of Ojeoksangamibang extracts tended to decline. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transferase (${\gamma}$-GT) activities showed a tendency to decrease in Ojeoksangamibang extract-treated groups, increased addition amount of Ojeoksangamibang extracts tended to decline. Concentration of plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol showed a lower value than that of control group. The liver $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ concentration were decreased, and IL-10 was increased in Ojeoksangamibang extract groups, compared to control group. Plasma $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ concentration were decreased, and IL-10 was increased in Ojeoksangamibang extract groups, compared to control group. Conclusions This study suggested that Ojeoksangamibang may alleviate liver inflammatory reaction induced by liver toxicity.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1975

담자균(擔子菌) Pleurotus ostreatus, Pholiota nameko, Flammulina velutipes가 생산(生産)하는 각종(各種) 효소(酵素)에 의(依)한 톱밥류와 농산물 폐물인 고구마줄기, 옥수수대 및 보리짚의 영양사료(榮養飼料)에 관하며 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 활엽수, 포플라 및 밤나무의 톱밥과 고구마줄기 옥수수대 및 보리짚의 비율을 $42{\sim}49$ 대(對) 30으로 조절(調節)하고 쌀겨 $18{\sim}25$의 비율로 배합한 기질(基質)에서 수분함량(水分含量) $67{\sim}70%$, 온도(溫度) $24{\sim}26^{\circ}C$가 발육(發育)에 적합(適合)하였다. 2. 20일간(日間) 각시험구(各試驗區)에서 생장(生長)시킨 후(後) 원료기질중(原料基質中)의 섬유를 조사(調査)한 바, $47{\sim}50%$ 분해(分解)하여 다당류화(多糖類化)시켰고 리그닌은 $20{\sim}25%$ 분해(分解)하였고 단백질함량은 처음의 약 3배량(倍量)이었다. 3. 조(粗)섬유의 농후사료화(濃厚飼料化)가 가능(可能)하였다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.149-156
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• 1995

파래투여에 따른 생리활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 이스라엘잉어에 대상으로 공기노출에 따른 혈액성상의 변화를 조사하였고 아울러서 비단잉어를 대상으로 A. sobriae에 대한 항균력과 항응집소가를 조사하였던 바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 이스라엘잉어를 대상으로 4개월간 파래첨가사육후에 공기노출에 따른 혈액성상에 미치는 영향에 있어서 Ht치는 파래첨가의 유무에 관계없이 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 헤모글로빈, 총단백, 알부민 및 글루코스치는 대조군에 비해 첨가군에서 증가되는 경향을 보였으며, 특히 5% 첨가군에서 높게 나타났다. 그렇지만, GPT 및 GOT치는 대조군에 비해 파래 첨가농도에 비례하여 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 한편, 비단잉어를 대상으로 파래추출물을 1주간 복강내로 투여후 A. sobriae에 대한 항균능은 대조군에 비해서 첨가군 모두에서 낮게 나타났으며, 특히 $30{\mu}g/g$ 투여군에서 $4{\times}10^4$ CFU로 최저치를 나타냈다. 한편, 항응집소가는 대조군에 비해 파래추출물 투여군 모두에서 증가되었으며, 특히 $30{\mu}g/g$ 투여군에서 $6.0{\pm}1.1$로서 최고치를 보였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.381-389
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• 2004

Objective : To compare the efficacy between SKI306X and Diclofenac by using generalized estimating equations (GEE) methodology in the analysis of correlated bivariate binary outcome data in Osteoarthritis (OA) diseases. Methods : A randomized, double-blind, active comparator-controlled, non-inferiority clinical trial was conducted at 5 institutions in Korea with the random assignment of 248 patients aged 35 to 75 years old with OA of the knee and clinical evidence of OA. Patients were enrolled in this study if they had at least moderate pain in the affected knee joint and a score larger than 35mm as assessed by VAS (Visual Analog Scale). The main exposure variable was treatment (SKI 306X vs. Diclofenac) and other covariates were age, sex, BMI, baseline VAS, center, operation history (Yes/No), NSAIDS (Y/N), acupuncture (Y/N), herbal medicine (Y/N), past history of musculoskeletal disease (Y/N), and previous therapy related with OA (Y/N). The main study outcome was the change of VAS pain scores from baseline to the 2nd and 4th weeks after treatment. Pain scores were obtained as baseline, 2nd and 4th weeks after treatment. We applied GEE approach with empirical covariance matrix and independent(or exchangeable) working correlation matrix to evaluate the relation of several risk factors to the change of VAS pain scores with correlated binary bivariate outcomes. Results : While baseline VAS, age, and acupuncture variables had protective effects for reducing the OA pain, its treatment (Joins/Diclofenac) was not statistically significant through GEE methodology (ITT:aOR=1.37, 95% CI=(0.8200, 2.26), PP:aOR=1.47, 95% CI=(0.73, 2.95)). The goodness-of-fit statistic for GEE (6.55, p=0.68) was computed to assess the adequacy of the fitted final model. Conclusions : Both ANCOVA and GEE methods yielded non statistical significance in the evaluation of non-inferiority of the efficacy between SKI306X and Diclofenac. While VAS outcome for each visit was applied in GEE, only VAS outcome for the fourth visit was applied in ANCOVA. So the GEE methodology is more accurate for the analysis of correlated outcomes.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.642-650
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• 2006

As an effective non-pharmacological method of pain relief, hydrotherapy was widely used. And bath additive has been used for enhancing the efficacy of hydrotherapy, In the present study, as a bath additive, the analgesic activity of HAC, which composed of Corydalis turtschaninovii, Atractylodes japonica, and Harpagophytum procumbens(HAC), was investigated in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (VIPAG), lateral PAG (IPAG), central nuclei of amygdala (CeA), and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) in mice, using writhing test and immunohistochemistry for c-Fos. Male C57BU6 mice weighing $25{\;}{\pm}{\;}2g$ (8 weeks of age) were used for this experiment. The animals were divided into five groups: the control group, the acetic acid treatment group, the acetic acid treatment and 0.01 g/L HAC-immersed group, the acetic acid treatment and 0.1 g/L HAC-immersed group, and the acetic acid treatment and 1.0 g/L HAC-immersed group. To induce somato-visceral pain in the experimental animals, a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of acetic acid was administrated to each animal, and the animals of the control group received injections of equivalent doses of normal saline. The animals of the HAC-immersed groups were immersed the water with HAC powder at the respective doses deep enough to cover the mice body, and those of the control group and the acetic acid treatment group immersed the water without HAC powder at 10 min immediately after the acetic acid injection. Our present study has shown that the HAC reduced the acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions and the acetic acid-Induced increase of numbers of c-Fos-positive cells in the VIPAG, IPAG, PVN, and CeA. The most potent analgesic effect appeared with the treatment of 1.0 g/L KB-immersed group. Based on our present results, it is very possible that HAC can be a potent therapeutic bath additive for alleviating pain without the fear of addiction to the drugs and side-effects associated with the prescription of multiple analgesic drugs.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2008

Purpose : To assess the diagnostic accuracy and value in an imaging technique field through the comparison of cone beam computed tomography and conventional panoramic radiography in assessing the topographic relationship between the mandibular canal and impacted third molars. Materials and Methods : Participants consisted of 100 patients offered the images through cone beam computed tomography and panoramic radiography. PSR-$9000^{TM}$ Dental CT system (Asahi Roentgen Ind. Co., Ltd, Japan) was used as the unit of cone beam computed tomography. CE-II (Asahi Roentgen Ind. Co., Ltd, Japan) and Pro Max (Planmeca Oy, Finland) were used as the unit of panoramic radiography. The images obtained through panoramic radiography were classified into 3 types according to the distance between mandibular canal and root of mandibular third molar. And they were classified into 4 types according to the proximity of radiographic feature. The images obtained through cone beam computed tomography based on the classification above were classified into 4 types according to the location between the mandibular canal and the root and were analyzed. And they were classified into buccal, inferior, lingual, and between roots, according to the location between mandibular canal and root. The data were statistically analyzed and estimated by $X^2$-test. Results : 1. There was no statistical significance according to 3 types (type I, type II, type III) through CBCT. 2. The results of 4 types (type A, type B, type C, type D) through CBCT were as high prevalence of CBCT 1 in type A, CBCT 2 in type B, CBCT 3 in type C, and CBCT1 in type D and those of which showed statistical significance (P value=0.03). 3. The results according to location between mandibular canal and root through CBCT recorded each 49, 25, 17, 9 as buccal, inferior, lingual, between roots. Conclusion : When estimating the mandibular canal and the roots through the panoramic radiography, it could be difficult to drive the views of which this estimation was considerable. Thus it is required to have an accurate diagnostic approaching through CBCT that could estimate the location between mandibular canal and roots.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.805-813
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• 2004

현재의 교육과정은 좌반구 중심의 활동으로 주로 이루어지고 있어 우반구 중심으로 사고하는 학생들은 학습에 어려움을 많이 느끼고 있다. 따라서 우뇌 우세 학생 집단에서 학습부진아가 많이 나타난다. 특히, 과학은 좌반구 중심의 사고가 많이 요구되는 과목으로 우뇌 우세 학생들이 흥미를 잃기 쉽고 학업성취도도 낮다. 본 연구에서는 좌뇌 중심의 과학 학습에서 소외되기 쉬운 우뇌 우세 학생들의 학업성취도를 향상시킬 수 방법으로 좌 우뇌 요소를 고루 활용하는 마인드 맵을 적용하여 마인드 맵을 활용한 수업이 학생들의 과학 학업성취도 향상에 효과적인지 알아보았다. 그리고 뇌 기능 분화와 성별에 따라서 수업의 효과 차이가 있는지 분석하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 중학교 1학년 학생 158명으로, 통제반은 전통적인 수업을 하였고, 실험반은 마인드 맵을 활용한 수업을 실시하였다. 연구 단원은 "생물의 구성", "상태변화와 에너지", "소화와 순환", "호흡"단원으로 약 17주간 50차시에 걸쳐 수업 처치를 하였다. 학생들의 뇌 기능 분화는 SOLAT 검사지를 사용하였고, 연구 결과는 SPSS 10.0 통계패키지를 사용하여 $x^2$검정과 공분산분석(ANCOVA)으로 분석하였다. 중학생들의 뇌 기능 분화 양상을 분석해 본 결과, 좌뇌형이 21.6%, 우뇌형이 31.4% 그리고 양뇌형이 47.1%이었고 뇌 기능 분화의 분포는 성별에 따라 차이가 없었다(p>.05). 마인드 맵을 활용한 수업을 함으로써 우뇌 학생들의 학업성취도를 좌뇌 학생 이상으로 높힐 수 있었다. 사전검사에서는 우뇌형 학생의 성취도가 가장 낮았으나 사후검사때서는 우뇌형 학생들의 학업성취도가 가장 많이 향상되었다. 따라서, 마인드 맵을 활용한 수업은 우뇌형 학생들의 학업성취도 향상에 효과적이고 우뇌형 학생들에게 고무적인 교수학습방법이 될 수 있다고 본다. 그리고 마인드 맵을 활용한 수업은 전통적 수업에 비해 남학생들보다는 여학생에게 효과적이어서 여학생들에게 고무적인 여학생 친화적인 과학 학습전략이 될 수 있다고 생각된다.

• 대한한방체열의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was designed to analyze basic data for cold hypersensitivity patients with a questionnaire and investigate correlation between cold hypersensitivity and Heart Rate Variability(HRV). Methods : 49 patients who complain of cold hypersensitivity on hands and feet in ambulatory care were investigated in Oriental Gynecology, Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center and Women medical center, Kangnam Koreana hospital from May 1, 2006 to October 20, 2006. All patients were asked to answer a questionnaire. After careful I examination to rule out other disease which may affect Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(DITI) and HRV data, patients were taken thermography for the diagnosis of cold hypersensitivity Based on the result of thermography, the patients were divided into two groups(Objective cold hypersensitivity and Subjective cold hypersensitivity). Then, these two groups were compared using HRV data which was measured in the supine position for 5 minutes. Results: 1. For most patients, cold hypersensitivity first developed during puberty. 2. The parts of the body that felt cold first time were hands and feet. 3. The cold sensation was increased in winter or at bedtime Showing that the sensation can be changed according to the level of coldness. 4. Among women who sufferfrom cold hypersensitivity, very few of them were treated. 5. More than half of cold hypersensitivity patients's family member also had a cold hypersensitivity. 6. The decrease in mean values of LF/HF ratio was observed in objective cold hypersensitivity group than subjective cold hypersensitivity group and the decrease was significant(P=0.014) when examined by Student t-test. Conclusions : It is necessary that the cold hypersensitivity patients should be treated carefully considering the facts mentioned above. And it can be suggested that dysautinomia be related with cold hypersensitivity and be evaluated by HRV.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2003

복강 내당능 시험과 MLD STZ 당뇨를 유발시킨 rat에서 백삼, 홍삼, 화기삼의 항당뇨 활성을 비교한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 복강 내당능 시험에서 백삼은 효과를 나타내지 못한 반면 홍삼과 화기삼은 대조군에 대하여 유의적인 변차를 나타내었다. MLD STZ로 당뇨를 유발시킨 SD계 흰쥐에 백삼, 홍삼, 화기삼을 2주간 투여 후 혈당강하 활성을 비교한 결과 홍삼 투여군의 혈당이 가장 낮았으며 백삼과 화기삼은 비슷한 크기의 활성을 나타내었다. 2. 백삼과 홍삼, 화기삼은 모두 고혈당에 의한 체중 감소 현상을 개선시켰으며 각 투여군 간에는 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 3. 당뇨의 대표적인 증상인 다식 (多食)과 다음 (多飮)현상이 백삼, 홍삼, 화기삼 투여에 의하여 개선되었으며 그 중 홍삼에 의한 효과가 가장 컸다. 4. 혈당강하 활성과 ginsenoside profile간의 상관관계를 살펴본 결과 PPT/PPD ratio가 가장 큰 홍삼의 혈당강하 활성이 백삼과 화기삼에 비해 높은 것으로 보아 PPT/PPD ratio가 혈당강하 활성의 key ratio가 아닌가 추측된다.