• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.352-357
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• 2016

An investigation of ribbed divergent channel was undertaken to determine the effect of rib pitch to height ratio on total friction factor and heat transfer results in the fully developed regime. The ribbed divergent rectangular channel with the channel exit hydraulic diameter ($D_{ho}$) to inlet channel hydraulic diameter ($D_{hi}$) ratio of 1.16 with wall inclination angle of 0.72 deg, at which the ratios (p/e) of 6,10, and 14 are considered. The ribbed straight channel of $D_{ho}/D_{hi}=1.0$ were also used. The ribbed divergent wall is manufactured with a fixed rib height (e) of 10 mm and the ratio of rib spacing (p) to height 6, 10, and 14. The measurement was run with range of Reynolds numbers from 24,000 to 84,000. The comparison shows that the ratio of p/e=6 has the greatest thermal performance in the divergent channel under two constraints; identical mass flow rate and identical pressure drop.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.171-179
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• 1981

옥수수 뿌리로부터 분리한 13,000g pellet과 13,000~80,000g pellet 내에 있는 membrane-bound ATPases의 특성을 구명하였다. 13,000g pellet과 13,000~80,000g pellet의 membrane-bound ATPases의 최적 pH는 5와 9였다. Discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation에 의한 13,000g pellet의 분획중 Fraction C는 pH 5에서, Fraction D, E 및 F는 pH 5에서보다 pH 9에서 더높은 활성을 나타냈다. 13,000~80,000g pellet의 분획에서 보면, Fraction A, C는 pH 9보다 pH 5에서, Fraction B, D, E 및 F는 pH 5보다 pH 9에서 더 높은 활성을 가겠다. pH 5와 pH 9에서 membrane-bound ATPases의 기질포화 농도는 3~5 mM이며 ATP에 대한 Km 값은 모두 0.25 mM이였다. Vmax 값은 8.0~55.6 $\mu$M Pi/mg membrane protein/hr의 범위에 있었다. Membrane-bound ATPase의 활성은 $K^+$ 이온에 의해 증가되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.1089-1101
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• 2013

Effects of varied dietary energy densities on immune response and performance of Muzzafarnagari lambs were ascertained in a 180-d study. Animals (n = 24), in three groups, were fed diets providing 100% (100E), 80% (80E) or 70% (70E) of their metabolizable energy requirement. Mean nutrient digestibilities varied significantly among treatments. Nitrogen intake was lower (p<0.01) in the 70E. Nitrogen retention, was reduced (p<0.001) in 80E and 70E vs 100E. The average daily gain (p<0.001) was $47.01{\pm}4.23$, $13.54{\pm}1.72$ and $-16.67{\pm}8.24$ g for 100E, 80E and 70E, respectively. Hemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, total and differential leukocyte counts were lower (p<0.001) for 80E and 70E than for 100E with a similar trend (p<0.05) for serum glucose and total protein. Serum cortisol was reduced (p<0.001) with decreased energy availability. Antibody titre to Brucella abortus S19 showed an initial reduction in 80E and 70E vs 100E. Delayed-type hypersensitivity response was lower (p<0.001) in 80E and 70E vs 100E, accompanying a lower (p<0.001) nitric oxide production by the peripheral lymphocytes. It is concluded that the reduced dietary energy density significantly affects the growth performance and immune response of lambs.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.785-802
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• 2024

Given M a monoid with a neutral element e. We show that the solutions of d'Alembert's functional equation for n × n matrices Φ(pr, qs) + Φ(sp, rq) = 2Φ(r, s)Φ(p, q), p, q, r, s ∈ M are abelian. Furthermore, we prove under additional assumption that the solutions of the n-dimensional mixed vector-matrix Wilson's functional equation $$\begin{cases}f(pr, qs) + f(sp, rq) = 2\phi(r, s)f(p, q),\\Φ(p, q) = \phi(q, p),{\quad}p, q, r, s {\in} M\end{cases}$$ are abelian. As an application we solve the first functional equation on groups for the particular case of n = 3.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.157-160
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• 1993

The human follicular f1uids(F.F.) may be considered to contribute the maturation of the oocytes on the in vitro culture. To investigate the effects of epidermal growth factor (E.G.F.), which is present in mature and immature follicular fluids, we had experiments of mouse oocytes maturation in vitro. The endpoints assayed were rated as percentage of oocytes undergoing germinal vesicle breakdown(G.V.B.D.) and polar body(P.B.) formation at 12 hours after in vitro culture. The rates of G.B.B.D. were 87% in mature F.F. 68% in immature F.F. and 78% in Ham's F-10 medium respectively. And overall the mature F.F. seem to stimulate on in vitro oocyte maturation compared with either immature F.F. or Ham's F-10 medium. As the concentration of addition of E.G.F. in immature F.F., the rates of G.V.B.D. and P.B. formation were 82 %, 23% in addition with 2 ng/ml while 84%, 32% in addition with 4 ng/ml respectivly. And at the concentration of addition of E.G.F. in Ham's F-10 media as well, the rates of G.V.B.D. and P.B. formation were 84%, 40% and 82%, 44% in addition with each 2ng, 4ng. AccordinglY there was no influence on the oocytes maturation at the addition of E.G.F. to each immature F.F. and Ham's F-10 medium. In conclusion, the E.G.F. is not able to induce oocyte maturation independent of it's effects in immature F.F. and Ham's F-10 media.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.419-424
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• 2000

To develop a functional Kimchi utilizing onion, 5 different Kimchi with onion used as a major ingredient were formulated. The changes in pH. titratable acidity, reducing sugar. total bacterial count, and the number of lactic acid bacteria in the process of fermentation were studied A. onion Kimchi Control. B : onion Kimchi added with oyster, C : onion Kimchi added with salted shrimp, D : onion Kimchi added with oyster, cucumber, and a bit of radish, E : onion Kimchi added with salted shrimp, cucumber, and a bit of radish. pH of onion Kimchi decreased during storage, but titratable acidity increased. The pH values of onion Kimchi were not significantly different among groups, the changes in pH during fermentation were the lowest in A, and changes in B and D were lower than those of C and E. Salt concentration tended to decrease during the fermentation process, and the changes in salt concentration were lower in D and E than in B and C. Reducing sugar content maximized at 4 days of fermentation and decreased after 12 days. The number of lactic acid bacteria increased during first 4 days of fermentation and decreased after 12 days. Total lactic acid bacterial count were the most lowest in A.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.1010-1020
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• 2022

Objective: The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of maternal undernutrition during late pregnancy on the expressions of genes involved in growth and development in ovine fetal perirenal brown adipose tissue (BAT). Methods: Eighteen ewes with singleton fetuses were allocated to three groups at day 90 of pregnancy: restricted group 1 (RG1, 0.33 MJ metabolisable energy [ME]/kg body weight [BW]^0.75/d, n = 6), restricted group 2 (RG2, 0.18 MJ ME/kg BW^0.75/d, n = 6), and a control group (CG, ad libitum, 0.67 MJ ME/kg BW^0.75/d, n = 6). The fetuses were removed at day 140 of pregnancy. All data were analyzed by using the analysis of variance procedure. Results: The perirenal fat weight (p = 0.0077) and perirenal fat growth rate (p = 0.0074) were reduced in RG2 compared to CG. In fetal perirenal BAT, the protein level of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) (p = 0.0001) was lower in RG1 and RG2 compared with CG and UCP1 mRNA expression (p = 0.0265) was decreased in RG2. The protein level of myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) was also decreased in RG2 (p = 0.0001). In addition, mRNA expressions of CyclinA (p = 0.0109), CyclinB (p = 0.0019), CyclinD (p = 0.0015), cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) (p = 0.0001), E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) (p = 0.0323), E2F4 (p = 0.0101), and E2F5 (p = 0.0018) were lower in RG1 and RG2. There were decreased protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) (p = 0.0043) and mRNA expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBPα) (p = 0.0307) in RG2 and decreased PPARγ mRNA expression (p = 0.0008) and C/EBPα protein expression (p = 0.0015) in both RG2 and RG1. Furthermore, mRNA expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) (p = 0.0083) and BMP7 (p = 0.0330) decreased in RG2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) reduced in RG2 and RG1. Conclusion: Our observations support that repression of regulatory factors promoting differentiation and development results in the inhibition of BAT maturation in fetal perirenal fat during late pregnancy with maternal undernutrition.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.25-40
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• 2022

In this study, 3D coupled-consolidation numerical parametric study was conducted to predict the deformation mechanism of a 20 storey building sitting on (4×4) piled raft (with length of piles, L_p=30 m) to adjacent 6 m diameter (D) tunnelling in stiff clay. The influences of different tunnel locations relative to piles (i.e., z_t/L_p) were investigated in this parametric study. In first case, the tunnel was excavated near the pile shafts with depth of tunnel axis (z_t) of 9 m (i.e., z_t/L_p). In second and third cases, tunnels were driven at z_t of 30 m and 42 m (i.e., z_t/L_p = 1.0 and 1.4), respectively. An advanced hypoplastic clay model (which is capable of taking small-strain stiffness in account) was adopted to capture soil behaviour. The computed results revealed that tunnelling activity adjacent to a building resting on piled raft caused significant settlement, differential settlement, lateral deflection, angular distortion in the building. In addition, substantial bending moment, shear forces and changes in axial load distribution along pile length were induced. The findings from the parametric study revealed that the building and pile responses significantly influenced by tunnel location relative to pile.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.349-354
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• 1996

Pseudomonas sp. P20 is a natural isolate which is capable of degrading biphenyl and 4-chlorobiphenyl. From a clone of pCK1022 harboring pcbCD genes of Pseudomonas sp P20, a pcbD gene encoding 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2, 4-dienoic acid (HOPDA) hydrolase was subcloned in Escherichia coli XL-1-Blue by using pBluescript SK(+) vector. The 2.8-kb HindII fragment harboring the pcbD gene cloned in pCK 1024 had a single site for each of XhoI, SalI, BstXI, and XbaI restriction enzymes. Escherichia coli CK1024 had a single site for each of XhoI, SalI, BstXI, and XbaI restriction enzymes. Escherichia coli CK1024 carrying pCK0124 degraded HOPDA to benzoate and 2-hydroxypenta-2, 4-dienoate by HOPDA hydrolase encoded by pcbD gene as effectively as E coli CK 1022 HARBORING pcbCD genes.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.91-94
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• 1997

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 1994년(年)부터 1995년(年)까지 전남농촌진흥원(全南農村振興院) 특용작물(特用作物) 시험포장(試驗圃場)에서 지방종(地方種)을 수집(蒐集), 공시(供試)하여 쇠무릎의 파종기(播種期) 및 흑색(黑色)비닐피복(被覆)효과를 구명(究明)하기 위해 실시(實施)하였으며 시험결과(試驗結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 입모율(立毛率)은 4월(月) 1일(日) 파종(播種)에서 가장 높았고 지상부(地上部) 생육(生育)은 4월(月) 1일(日) 파종(播種)과 흑색(黑色)비닐 피복재배(被覆栽培)에서 많았으며 흑색(黑色)비닐 피복재배(波覆栽培)가 무피복재배(無被覆栽培)에 비해 경장(莖長)은 14cm 길었고 분기수(分技數)는 2.4개(個) 많아 주근장(主根長) 및 주근경(主根徑)은 각각(各各) 2.8cm, 1.8mm 더 길고 굵었다. 2. 건근수량(乾根收量)은 4월(月) 1일(日) 파종(播種), 흑색(黑色)비닐 피복재배(被覆栽培)에서 3,190kg/ha로 가장 높았고, 흑색(黑色)비닐 피복재배(被覆栽培)가 토양적습(土壤適濕) 유지(維持)와 제초(除草) 노력(勞力)의 성력효과(省力效果)가 높아 무피복(無被覆) 재배(栽培)(2,660kg/ha))에 비하여 20% 증수(增收)되었다. 3. 파종기별(潘種期別), 흑색(黑色) P.E. 피복재배하(被覆栽培下)에 따른 생육특성(生育特性), 수량구성요소(收量構成要素) 및 수량간(收量間)에 유의적(有意的)인 정(正)의 상관(相關)이 인정(認定)되었다.