• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1953-1962
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• 2014

This study was conducted to identify the relationship between ego-resilience, anxiety and perceived stress. The participants were 500 students of nursing college located in K city, Korea. Data were collected from September, $9^{th}$ to $14^{th}$ 2013, and were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients. The result were as follows; 1) The mean scores were ego-resilience 3.36(0.50), anxiety 2.26(0.70) and stress 2.55(0.55). 2) Ego-resilience was significantly different according to gender, age, satisfaction for major, subjective career opportunity, subjective health. The score were higher at the male group than the female group, and the group who aged over 24 were higher than the group aged below 23. 3) Significant correlations were found between ego-resilience, anxiety and stress. Ego-resilience has negative relationship with level of anxiety(r=- .383, p<0.000) and perceived stress(r=- .454, p<0.000). While, the positive relationship were significant(r= .685, p<0.000) between level of anxiety and perceived stress. According to these result, ego-resilience promotion program is need to develop as a positive concept to adjust college life and nursing course.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.526-530
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was investigating serum lipid, apolipoprotein levels and their correlations in healthy adults of Gyeongnam area. The BMI (body mass index) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in male (25.2 ${\pm}$ 2.7 $kg/m^2$) than female (23.8 ${\pm}$ 1.5 $kg/m^2$), however PBF (percent body fat) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in female (29.6 ${\pm}$ 4.3%) than male (22.7 ${\pm}$ 5.0%). The WHR (waist to hip ratio) and blood pressure in the groups showed there was no significant differences. The levels of serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in male (208.7 ${\pm}$ 27.7 mg/dl, 129.0 ${\pm}$ 26.9 mg/dl, 1.0 ${\pm}$ 0.2 g/L) than female (193.6 ${\pm}$ 29.1 mg/dl, 112.5 ${\pm}$ 29.5 mg/dl, 0.9 ${\pm}$ 0.2 g/L, but HDL-cholesterol level was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in female (54.9 ${\pm}$ 6.6 mg/dl) than male (49.9 ${\pm}$ 7.3 mg/dl). The LDL-C/HDL-C, Apo B/Apo A-I and AI (atherogenic index) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in male (2.6 ${\pm}$ 0.6, 0.8 ${\pm}$ 0.2, 3.3 ${\pm}$ 0.7) than female (2.1 ${\pm}$ 0.5, 0.6 ${\pm}$ 0.2, 2.6 ${\pm}$ 0.5). The triglyceride level was positively correlated with apolipoprotein B concentration (p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol concentration (p < 0.05), however no significant correlation was found with apolipoprotein A-I. According to these results, we conclude that male adults are expecting higher incidence of cardiovascular disease than female adults and we suggest the serum triglyceride should be kept normal level for the prevention of these diseases.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.516-526
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• 2018

Purpose: This study is to identify how depression, anxiety and social support influence on suicidal ideation of Parkinson disease patients related to general characteristics. Methods: This descriptive correlative study was conducted through an organized and structured questionnaire and 120 sampled Parkinson disease patients. Collected data was analyzed by t-tests, ANOVA, and Preason's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 19.0. Results : Finding revealed 1) The degrees of suicidal ideation were significantly different upon the martial status(F=3.37, p=.021) among groups, drinking(F=4.97, p=.008) and smoking history(F=4.77, p=.010): 2) Pearson's correlation coefficient indicated significant association among the depression, anxiety, social support and suicidal ideation 3) Multiple regression analysis showed depression(${\beta}=.58$ t=7.77, p<.001), social support(${\beta}=-.21$, t=-2.69, p=.008) and alcohol drinking(${\beta}=.17$ t=2.61, p=.010). Depression was the major influencing factor and it has 54% of explanation power. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, health professionals should provide parkinson disease patients with comprehensive and appropriate management method to prevent suicide ideation upon factors: depression, anxiety and social support to prevent suicide ideation. Especially, implement of self-help group program to parkinson disease patients is very needed.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.526-531
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• 2003

KR-31378 is a new drug candidate intended for the use in the prevention of ischemia-reperfusion damage. The objective of this preformulation study was to determine the physicochemical properties of KR-31378. The n-octanol to water partition coefficients of KR-31378 were 0.0504 at pH 3 and 0.8874 at pH 10. Accelerated stability of KR-31378 in solution and solid state was studied at 5, 40, $60^{\circ}C$. The stability testing indicated that the t90 for the drug in solid was estimated to be 2 years and 128.6 days at $25^{\circ}C$, while the that in aquesou solution was 68.6 days at $25^{\circ}C$. The KR-31378 was also found to be unstable under the relative humidity of 76%, probably because of the hygroscopic nature of the drug. In order to study compatibility of KR-31378 with typical excipients, potential change in differential scanning calorimetry spectrum was studied in 1:1 binary mixtures of KR-31378 and Aerosil, Avicel, Eudragit, lactose, PEG, talc, CMC, PVP, starch. As a result, CMC, PVP, and starch were found to be incompatible with KR-31378, indicating the addition of these excipients may complicate the manufacturing of the formulation for the drug. Particle size distribution of KR-31378 powder was in the size range of 9-93 $\mu$ m with the mean particle size of 37.9 $\mu$ m. The flowability of KR-31378 was apparently inadequate, indicating the granulation may be necessary for the processing of the drug to solid dosage forms. Crystallization of the drug with a number of organic solvents did not lead a crystalline polymorphism. In addition, dissolution of the drug from the powder was adequately rapid at $37^{\circ}C$ in water.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.526-534
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• 2010

Genomes of clusters of related eukaryotes are now being sequenced at an increasing rate. In this paper, we developed an accurate, low-cost method for annotation of gene prediction and exon-intron structure. The gene prediction was adapted for delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate-synthetase (p5cs) gene from China wild-type of the halophytic Leymus chinensis (Trin.), naturally adapted to highly-alkali soils. Due to complex adaptive mechanisms in halophytes, more attentions are being paid on the regulatory elements of stress adaptation in halophytes. P5CS encodes delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate-synthetase, a key regulatory enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of proline, that has direct correlation with proline accumulation in vivo and positive relationship with stress tolerance. Using analysis of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and PCR, and direct sequencing, 1076 base pairs (bp) of cDNA in length and 2396 bp of genomic DNA in length were obtained from direct sequencing results. Through gene prediction and exon-intron structure verification, the full-length of cDNA sequence was divided into eight parts, with seven parts of intron insertion. The average lengths of determinated coding regions and non-coding regions were 154.17 bp and 188.57 bp, respectively. Nearly all splice sites displayed GT as the donor sites at the 5' end of intron region, and 71.43% displayed AG as the acceptor sites at the 3' end of intron region. We conclude that this method is a cost-effective way for obtaining an experimentally verified genome annotation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.519-526
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• 2000

Osteoporosis has recently been recognized as a major health problem in the elderly population. The disorder is manifested as a loss of bone mass accompanied by structural alteration of bone and increased incidence of fracture. Mandible also may be affected. So, I evaluated panoramic views of 66 postmenopausal women for finding the possibility of useful diagnostic mandibular parmeters of osteoporosis. To know the correlationship between skeleton and mandible, the average of the bone mineral density of lumbar from 2nd to 4th by the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA, LUNAR DPZ. USA), and age and mandibular parameters, that is, the number of residual teeth, alveolar ridge resorption ratio, panoramic mandibular index (PMI), mandibular cortical width (MCW), angular cortical thickness (ACT), ramus cortical thickness (RCT), morphology of mandibular inferior cortical (MIC) were compared. And I divided the all tested women to the osteoporotic group and non-osteoporotic group by the use of T-score -2.0, which was derived from skeletal bone mineral density (BMD). To find the correlationship of the each group with mandibular parameters, t-test and discriminant analysis were done. The results of the t-test were that all parameters were highly related with 2 groups (p<0.05). Especially ACT, MIC, age have had even higher correlationship than others (p<0.001). The results of the discriminant analysis by the use of these ACT, MIC and age were that the discriminant function was Z = -2.973+(-1.447)$\times$(ACT)+1.131$\times$(MIC score)+(0.052)$\times$(age), the cutting score was 0.257 and the classification accuracy was 84.8%. Therefore I suggest that the consideration of the angular cortical thickness (ACT), the age of patient and the morphology of mandibular inferior cortical(MIC) may help find the osteoporosis.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.519-526
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was investigate nursing needs of heart disease patients depending on whether or not readmitted. Who had diagnosed heart disease and admitted on a general hospital was collected as a self-administered questionnaire method from March to June 2012. Collected data were analyzed through the SPSS 18.0 program. The average of total nursing needs is $4.12{\pm}.49$ point in patient who were not in readmission, and $3.89{\pm}.63$ point in patient joined readmission, there were significant differenced(p=.046). Therapeutic nursing needs are higher than others in nursing needs, in the both groups. Each rank and sub-regions is also different nursing needs according to readmission in two group. Physical, Social-emotional, educational and therapeutic nursing needs was correlated each other in depth. Therefore, focusing on patient's nursing needs according to patient's characteristics are required to perform nursing.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2018

We identified the main impacts, drivers, and restoration projects for Atlantic Forest in Northwest of the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The objective was to analyze the quantity, distribution, and causes of the environmental crimes in 2000-2014. To verify differences between degraded and restored areas, we performed a t-test; ANOVA for the municipalities with more quantity of crimes, simple linear regression analysis for the relationship between sizes of degraded areas and quantity of seedlings planted, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for environmental damages categories and population of the municipalities. The main environmental damages found were deforestation outside permanent preservation area (20%) and those related to Permanent Preservation Area (37%). Environmental crimes in these areas fall into two categories: native and exotic vegetation removal (17%), and impediment to natural regeneration (20%). The average size of the degraded areas was $5,359{\pm}526m^2$, while for restored areas was $3,337{\pm}255m^2$. The sizes of the degraded fragments were similar among the five municipalities with the higher number of environmental crimes (ANOVA: p>0.05, F=1.24; df=241). The number of seedlings planted was positively related to the sizes of the degraded fragments (p<0.001, $R^2=0.53$). Segregation between the less and the most populous municipalities was found with the PCA analysis along PC1 (51.7%), while PC2 represented 19.2% of the total variation. The most populous municipalities showed the highest number of environmental crimes, and the majority of degraded areas were recovered by planting native seedlings. Atlantic Forest fragments need to be recognized and preserved as an ecosystem with a unique ecological function by the population and public administration.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.97-104
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to evaluate sediment yield reduction under various field slope conditions with rice straw mat. The Vegetative Filter Strip Model-W (VFSMOD-W) and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) were used for simulation of sediment yield reduction effect of rice straw mat. The Universe Soil Loss Equation Practice factor (USLE P factor), being able to reflect simulation of rice straw mat in the agricultural field, were estimated for each slope with VFSMOD-W and measured soil erosion values under 5, 10, and 20 % slopes. Then with the regression equation for slopes, USLE P factor was derived and used as input data for each Hydrological Response Unit (HRU) in the SWAT model. The SWAT Spatially Distributed-HRU (SD-HRU) pre-processor module was utilized, moreover, in order to consider spatial location and topographic features (measured topographic features by field survey) of all HRU within each subwatershed in the study watershed. Result of monthly sediment yield without rice straw mat (Jan. 2000 - Aug. 2007) was 814.72 ton/month, and with rice straw mat (Jan. 2000 - Aug. 2007) was 526.75 ton/month, which was reduced as 35.35 % compared without it. Also, during the rainy season (from Jun. to Sep. 2000 - 2007), when without vs. with rice straw mat, monthly sediment indicated 2,109.54 ton and 1,358.61 ton respectively. It showed about 35.60 % was reduced depending on rice straw mat. As shown in this study, if rice straw mat is used as a Best Management Practice (BMP) in the sloping fields, rainfall-driven sediment yield will be reduced effectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine aggression of middle school girls with type of school and gender role identity. Method : The subjects of this study were 526 second-year middle school girls (265 girls in the coeducational middle schools, 261 girls in the girls' middle schools) in Busan. This study was conducted from 14th to 29th of December, 2008 using Korean Sex Role Inventory(KSRI) and Aggression Inventory. Results : 1. There was statistically significant difference in gender role identity types according school types ($x^2$=8.813, p=.032). 2. The whole aggression grade point average was 1.58${\pm}$.40 points(highest score: 4), and reactive-overt aggression was highest in the aggression types(2.06${\pm}$.63). 3. There was not statistically significant difference in aggression of middle school girls according to type of school (t=.188, p=.664). 4. There was statistically significant difference in degrees of aggression according to gender role identity types. The degrees of aggression in masculinity type was highest [grade point average was 1.70${\pm}$.44 points(highest score: 4)]. 5. There was not interactive effect in aggression between type of school and type of gender role identity. Conclusions : The findings of this study contribute to providing basic data for development of education programs or activities for middle school girls to relieve aggression according to gender role identity types.