• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.50 no.spc1
• /
• pp.216-219
• /
• 2005

This objective of this study was to determined the activity of antioxidants of DPPH, SOD and total phenolic compounds in mushroom(P. eryngii spp.) extract. The antioxidant acitivity using DPPH showed that strain No. 2007$(31.78\%)$ and strain No.2014$(27.45\%)$ were the highest DPPH inhibition. Among the thirteen mushroom examined, strain No. 2014$(58.30\%)$ and strain No. 2010$(57.19\%)$ had the highest SOD activity. The highest total phenol content were in strain No.2013$(1465.03{\mu}g/g)$ and strain No.2005$(1401.09{\mu}g/g)$. Our study suggest that it may be possible to improve mushroom with high natural antioxidant.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.139-144
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate physiological characteristics of Trichoderma spp. isolated from Pleurotus spp. Damage tests of Pleurotus spp. and mycotoxins tests of Trichoderma spp. were also done. The optimal growth temperature of Trichoderma spp. was $27{\sim}30^{\circ}C$. Although, T. longibrachiatum was able to grow at $37^{\circ}C$ and grew $30{\sim}40$ times faster than Pleurotus. The colony colour on PDA medium of T. cf. virens was yellowish green, T. longibrachiatum was yellow, and T. harzianum was turning to bright green. In damage tests of Pleurotus by Trichoderma, T. cf. virens caused the most severe damage to Pleurotus. T. longibrachiatum and T. harzianum caused less damage on Pleurotus but were able to cause greater damage to P. eryngii. One of the mushroom cultivars, P. ostreatus 8 was the most resistant to all Trichoderma spp.. Chitinolytic mycotoxin released by Trichoderma spp. caused 52.7% damage to Pleurotus. Mycotoxins released by T. longibrachiatum caused the greatest damaged(78.6%) on P. eryngii.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.214-220
• /
• 2013

This study was conducted in order to perform efficient extraction of lignocellulolytic enzymes amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4), laccase (EC 1.10.3.2), and xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) from spent mushroom compost (SMC) of Pleurotus ostreatus, P. eryngii, and P. cornucopiae. Optimal enzyme recovery was achieved when SMCs were extracted with 50 mM sodium citrate (pH 4.5) buffer at $4^{\circ}C$ for 2 hr. Amylase, cellulase, and xylanase activities showed high values in extracts from P. ostreatus SMC, with 2.97 U/g, 1.67 U/g, and 91.56 U/g, respectively, whereas laccase activity and filter paper degradation ability were highest in extracts from P. eryngii SMC, with values of 9.01 U/g and 0.21 U/g, respectively. Enzymatic activities varied according to the SMCs released from different mushroom farms. The synthetic dyes remazol brilliant blue R and Congo red were decolorized completely by the SMC extract of P. eryngii within 120 min, and the decolorization ability of the extract was comparable to that of 0.3 U of commercial laccase. In addition, laccase activity of the SMC extract from P. eryngii was compared to that of commercial enzymes or its industrial application in decolorization.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.74-80
• /
• 2003

Isolates of Trichoderma spp. collected from Pleurotus ostreatus and P. eryngii beds, which included loosened substrate compactness and development of green colour, were grouped into three species. The occurrence of different species of Trichoderma was as T. cf. virens(70.8%), T. longibrachiatum(16.7%) and T. harzianum(12.5%). The conidia of Trichoderma spp. were ellipsoidal, obovoid and phialides were bowling pins, lageniform and the length of phialides was $3.5{\sim}10.0{\times}1.3{\sim}3.3{\mu}m$. Phialides of T. cf. virens and T. harzianum were tending clustered, but it was solitary disposition in T. longibrachiatum. T. cf. virens was characterized by predominantly effuse conidiation, sparingly branched, and fertile to the apex and it was penicillate type. RAPD analysis could detect variability amongst three different species of Trichoderma using two newly designed URP-primers. However, intra-specific variation could not be detected in all the isolates except for rDNA sequence data classified Trichoderma isolates into three distinct groups representing three species. The profiles of rDNA sequences of isolates representing a species showed high similarity in T. cf. virens and T. harzianum. However, there was a variation in rDNA sequences of isolates representing T. longibrachiatum. The results of present study reveals that molecular techniques of RAPD and rDNA sequencing can greatly aid in classification based on morphology and precise identification of fast evolving species of Trichoderma.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.33-46
• /
• 2007

We conducted this research to develop the medium for some edible mushroom cultivation using shiitake waste log which is abandoned after cultivation of shiitake mushroom because those bed logs can not be recycled. The isolates of P. ostreatus(POS-012), P. eryngii(PER-005), G. frondosa(GFR-001) and F. velutipes(FVE-001) were selected and examined for mycelial growth on sawdust media prepared from shiitake waste log. Mycelial growth of selected isolate were satisfactory on the sawdust extract media using acasia(Robinia pseudo-acacia), neutinamu(Zelkova serrata) and kangchamnamu(sangsuri, Quercus acutissima) which are no shiitake-inoculated. Although the mycelial growth of the isolate were poor on the sawdust media prepared from Quercus spp., sawdust of neutinamu, (Zelkova serrata), beotnamu, (Prunus serrulata), orinamu(Alnus japonica), eunsuweonsasinamu(Populus tomentiglandulosa) and chestnut(Castanea crenata) were excellent for mycelial growth. However, shiitake logs which are infected with harmful fungi such as Hypocrea spp. were useful as recycle materials for mushroom cultivation.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.28-32
• /
• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the genetic relationship of Pleurotus ferulae, an edible mushroom found on a medicinal plant, Ferula assa-foetida, in central China. The genetic relationships of 15 Pleurotus species strains, including five P. ferulae strains were analyzed. The strains were divided into seven groups at 80% genetic similarity level according to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Four out of the seven groups consisted of two to four strains, while the other three groups consisted of three strains. In each of the three groups, the three strains were from each of three different Pleurotus species (P. cornucopiae, P. florida and P. sajorcaju). Other strains grouped together for genetic similarity were P. eryngii 26060 and P. fuscus var. ferulae 26065, three strains of P. ostreatus, and four P. ferulae strains (Bakdal, Awi, Cheonsan 1, and Yesan). However, Japanese Seolyi which belongs to P. ferulae and Heukpyung which belongs to P. ostreatus were together in a separate group.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.73-80
• /
• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the optimal mycelial growth and an artificial cultivation conditions of Pleurotus eryngii. The optimal medium for the mycelial growth and density was MYPA medium. The optimal temperature and pH for the mycelial growth were $25^{\circ}C$ and 6.0, respectively. The modified optimal medium composition were obtained to be soluble starch 3%(w/v), malt extract 0.25%(w/v), yeast extract 0.25%(w/v) and $CaCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O$ 0.05% (w/v). From the results of experiment on the nutritional requirements, the modified optimal medium was higher than MYP medium in mycelial production and growth yield (Yx/s) of Pleurotus eryngii. The optimal sawdust species of solid culture for the mycelial growth and density was Quercus spp. The optimal concentration of additives (rice bran and wheat bran) and moisture content for the mycelial growth were about 30%(v/v) and 70%(v/v), respectively. On the other hand, the optimal concentration of additives for the production of fruiting body was 20%(v/v) of rice bran.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.61-67
• /
• 2007

Twelve URP primers were used to assess genetic characteristics of oyster mushroom including 59 Pleurotsu ostreatus cultivars, two of P. florida cultivars, one P. sajor-caju cultivars, one P. abalonus cultivar and two P. eryngii cultivars registered in Korea. Six URP primers produced PCR polymorphic bands within and between the Pleurotus species. Primer URP2F produced distinct cultivar specific PCR polymorphic bands that profiled to 15 cultivar types. PCR polymorphic bands amplified by URP2F, URP6R, URP4R and URP2R were used for UPGMA cluster analysis. Fifty nine cultivars of Pleurotus ostreatus are genetically clustered into 5 groups, showing genetic similarity over 70% among them and P. abalonus. P. eryngii and P. sajor-caju, were involved in outside groups.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.24 no.2 s.77
• /
• pp.155-165
• /
• 1996

This study was carried out to identify the phylogenetic relationship among several isolates of Pleurotus species by comparing ITS II region of ribosomal DNA(rDNA) repeat unit. Two primers from ribosomal DNA sequences were chosen to amplify the specific internal transcribed spacer (ITS) II region of Pleurotus spp. The exact ITS II region with an unique band from six species of Pleurotus genus could be amplified using the two primers taken from at the 3'-end of 5.8S rDNA and 5'-end of 28S rDNA. Six representative species of the Pleurotus genus were easily characterized according to the length differences of ITS II region. Furthermore, within P. ostreatus species, different sizes of ITS II region could be observed in the isolates of ASI 2025 and ASI 2095 although they were classified as P. ostreatus by the conventional observation. The nucleotide sequence analyses of PCR-amplified ITS II region indicated that the isolates ASI 2025 and ASI 2095 were different from other Pleurotus spp. When the nucleotide sequences of six Pleurotus species were compared, three typical ITS II regions were highly variable especially at both ends of this region. The phylogenetic tree obtained by the Neighbor program of Felsenstein PHYLIP package with all the nucleotide sequence of Pleurotus spp. indicated that P. ostreatus, P. florida, P. sajor-caju and P. eryngii were closely related to one phylogenetic branch and P. cystidious was related to other branch with P. cornucopiae. The isolates ASI 2025 and 2038, however, were not closely related to any other Pleurotus spp. and formed their own individual branches.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2002

The genetic variations and the rate of mycelial growth in the dikaryon and the monokaryon stages of Pleurotus spp. were surveyed during their subcultures. The highest growth rate was observed on both the 3rd and the 4th subcultures. The remarkably rapid growth rate was detected in P. ostreatus dikaryon. Genetic similarities in the dikaryon and the monokaryon of P. ostreatus were more than 57.5% and 85.7%, respectively, and those of P. eryngii were more than 85.2% and 84.8%, respectively. The genetic similarities of monokaryotic P. ostreatus were higher than those of dikaryotic. The topology of phylogenetic trees showed that the divergence and the clustering patterns of branch did not correlated with the number of subcultures. This suggests that genetic variations occur very randomly on mycelial cultures. These results suggest that the monokaryotic mycelia is genetically more stable than the dikaryotic in subcultures, and that it is very useful to stock monokaryotic mycelia for making spawns and breeding of Pleurotus spp.