• 제목/요약/키워드: P. americana

검색결과 49건 처리시간 0.025초

Distribution of Phytolacca americana in a coastal sand dune

  • Min, Byeong-Mee
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제37권2호
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    • pp.81-90
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    • 2014
  • This study examined the main factors affecting the distribution of Phytolacca americana, an exotic plant species in Korea, in coastal sand dunes. The areas examined from June 2004 to February 2006 were in Sindusagu where was located on Sindu-ri, Wonbuk-myen, Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do. The vegetation, sediment properties, sizes and ages of Robinia pseudoacacia, P. americana and Pinus thnunbergii and spatial distribution of P. americana were assessed. Firstly, correlation coefficients (CC) between P. americana's root biomass and sediment properties were not significant. Secondly, of the four community types, P. americana was not in the mixed herbaceous community and its density was the highest in the P. thunbergii-R. pseudoacacia and R. pseudoacacia community The Poisson distribution analysis revealed the distribution of P. americana to be severely clumped. The root biomass of P. americana and the basal area of R. pseudoacacia were significantly correlated, but the CCs between P. thunbergii and other two species were not significant. The ages of P. americana and R. pseudoacacia in a quadrat were significantly correlated. Thirdly, P. americana's ages in a quadrat were mostly similar to each other. Therefore, the spatial distribution of P. americana was largely influenced by R. pseudoacacia but not by the sediment properties, and plants in a narrow area were concurrently germinated.

Antimicrobial Effect, Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of the Extract from Different Parts of Phytolacca americana L.

  • Boo, Hee-Ock;Park, Jeong-Hun;Woo, Sun-Hee;Park, Hyeon-Yong
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제60권3호
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    • pp.366-373
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    • 2015
  • This study was conducted to clarify the antimicrobial effect, antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the biological composition having the Phytolacca americana, and to enhance the natural materials utilization of foods and cosmetics. The antimicrobial activities of the different parts of P. americana were evaluated using the agar diffusion test. The antimicrobial activity of P. americana was relatively high in Malassezia furfur known as a skin fungi and Vibrio parahaemolyticus compared to Escherichia coli and Staphy-lococcus epidermidis. However, the antimicrobial activity in Vibrio parahaemolyticus did not show at all parts of P. americana. Both the DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity have been increased with the higher concentration of methanol extract. In particular, leaf extract of P. americana exhibited the highest activity both ABTS radical scavenging activity and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The nitrite scavenging activity was decreased when the pH was changed from pH 1.2 to pH 6.0. The highest nitrite scavenging activity was exhibited from the methanol extract of fruit, followed by root, stem, and leaf at pH 1.2. However, the nitrite scavenging activity at pH of 6.0 was not almost detected. All plant parts of P. americana showed tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The highest activity was found in the stem, and followed by root, leaf, and fruit in order. These tyrosinase inhibitory activity was progressively increased in a concentration-dependent manner. In this experiment on the methanol extracts of different organ from P. americana, we confirmed that the extract of P. americana showed potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Taken together, we conjectured that the P. americana had the potent biological activities, therefore this plant having various functional components could be a good material for development into source of natural food additives and cosmetics.

Effect of Phytolacca americana Extracts on the Activities of AsPOX and GuPOX during Germination Process of Cassia mimosoides var. nomame

  • Lee, Ho-Joon;Kim, Yong-Ok
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.187-192
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    • 2000
  • After Cassia mimosoides var. nomame was treated with Phytolacca americana extracts during the germination process, its effect on the activities of AsPOX and GuPOX were examined. As the concentration of P. americana extract increased. the activity of AsPOX decreased while that of GuPOX increased. During the germination process, the activity of AsPOX was lower than the control, while the activity of GuPOX was over 2 times higher than the control. Activity of total peroxidase by IEF was extremely high at pI 6.4 and pI 6.6 when treatment was made with a 30% concentration of P. americana extract. The treatment with phenolic compounds, caffeic acid and benzoic acid did not show much difference from the control although a slight increase was observed at pI 6.6. Activity of GuPOX in C. mimosoides was over 4 times higher in roots than in shoots. Namely, because GuPOX activity of C. mimosoides was increased by extracts of P. americana, defense enzyme, GuPOX. was generated against external stress, and we could certified the activity increase at pI 6.4, especially in root.

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Effects of elevated CO2 concentration and increased temperature on leaf related-physiological responses of Phytolacca insularis (native species) and Phytolacca americana (invasive species)

  • Kim, Hae-Ran;You, Young-Han
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제33권3호
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    • pp.195-204
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    • 2010
  • In the study, the effects of elevated $CO_2$ and temperature on the photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll content, nitrogen content, carbon content, and C/N ratio of Phytolacca insularis and Phytolacca americana were examined under control (ambient $CO_2+$ ambient temperature) and treatment (elevated $CO_2+$ elevated temperature) for 2 years (2008 and 2009). The photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency of two plant species were higher under the treatment than the under the control. The stomatal conductance of P. insularis was higher under the control, but that of P. americana was not significantly affected by $CO_2$ and temperature under the treatment. The chlorophyll contents of two species were decreased about 72.5% and 20%, respectively, by elevated $CO_2$ and temperature. The nitrogen contents of two species were not significantly altered by increase in $CO_2$ and temperature. The carbon contents of the two species were higher under the treatment than under the control. The C/N ratio of P. insularis was higher under the treatment but that of P. americana was not significantly affected by $CO_2$ and temperature. These results demonstrated that the physiological responses of P. insularis native plants might be more sensitively influenced by a $CO_2$-mediated global warming situation than those of the P. americana invasive plants.

미국자리공 종실로부터 항균성 펩타이드의 분리 및 특성 연구 (Purification and Characterization of an Antifungal Peptide from the Seeds of Phytolacca americana)

  • 손대영;신봉정;윤대진;성기영;정영륜
    • 한국식물병리학회지
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.203-208
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    • 1998
  • We isolated and characterized an antifungal peptide from the seeds of Phytolacca americana. Growth inhibition assay with Botrytis cinerea was used to screen inhibitory proteins from 60 different plant species. A 4 kDa antifungal peptide (Pa-AFP) inhibitory to hyphal growth of B. cinerea was found in the seeds of P. americana. The peptide Pa-AFP was purified to homogeneity by chromatographies of Sephadex G-50, DEAE-Sepharose, Sephacryl S-300, and C18 reverse-phase HPLC. Western blot analysis showed that a polyclonal antibody raised against the purified peptide cross-reacted with a 4 kDa protein in seeds but not in root and leaf tissues of P. americana. Pa-AFP inhibited the hyphal growth of Botrytis cinerea, Rihzoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and Magnaporthe grisea. Pa-AFP exhibited growth inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain BWG7a, which was sensitive to osmotin.

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미국자리공(Phytolacca americana L.) 뿌리의 항균 펩타이드 정제 및 특성연구 (Purification and Charaterization of Antimicrobial Peptide from Roots of Pokeweed)

  • 김정주;장혜영;김재호
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제46권4호
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    • pp.385-390
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    • 2003
  • 미국자리공(Phytolacca americana L.) 뿌리에서 항균 펩타이드를 분리하여 PAMP-r로 명명 하였다. 분리는 DEAE-cellulose, sephadex G-75, Mono S, Resource RPC등을 거쳐 이루어 졌으며 최종산물은 15% SDS-PAGE 에서 약 4,900 Da의 분자량을 보였다. PAMP-r는 광범위한 항균활성을 나타냈으며 온도와 pH변화에도 높은 안정성을 보였다. 항균활성은 $80^{\circ}C$에서 30분동안 유지될 뿐만 아니라 pH도 3.0의 산성에서부터 pH 8.0의 알카리에 이르기까지 광범위한 범위 안에서 안정하게 나타났다.

통영 연안의 잠재독성 Pseudo-nitzschia 출현종 (Potentially toxic Pseudo-nitzschia species in Tongyeong coastal waters, Korea)

  • 박종규;김응권;임월애
    • 한국해양학회지:바다
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.163-170
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    • 2009
  • Pseudo-nitzschia 속의 일부 종은 신경독 domoic acid(DA)를 생산하여 기억상실성 패독을 일으킨다. 이들의 잠재적인 독성 피해에도 불구하고 국내에서는 아직 출현종의 조성과 그 출현 시기가 명확하지 않다. 본 연구에서는 통영 연안해역에 출현하는 Pseudo-nitzschia 속의 종조성과 출현 시기를 알아보기 위하여 2008년 5월부터 11월까지 격주 간격으로 시료를 채집하여 광학현미경과 전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 조사기간 동안 출현한 종은 P. americana, P. brasiliana, P. caciantha, P. calliantha, P. cuspidata, P. delicatissima, P. micropora, P. multiseries, P. multistriata, P. pseudodelicatissima, P. pungens, P. subfraudulenta, P. subpacifica로 모두 13종이었다. 월별 출현종은 5월에 4종으로 가장 적었고, 그 이후 조금씩 증가하여 9월에 12종으로 최고에 이르렀으며, 9월 이후로 다시 감소하여 11월에는 5종만 출현하였다. 출현종 중 6종, P. americana, P. brasiliana, P. caciantha, P. calliantha, P. micropora, P. pseudodelicatissima는 5종만 출현하였다. 출현종 중 6종, P. americana, P. brasiliana, P. caciantha, P. calliantha, P. micropora, P. pseudodelicatissima는 국내 연안에서 처음 보고하는 종이며, P. calliantha, P. cuspidata, P. delicatissima, P. multiseries, P. multistriata, P. pungens 6종은 문헌상 DA를 생산하는 것으로 알려진 잠재 독성종이다. 통영 연안에서 이들의 독성 여부는 확인 하지 못하였다.

국내 서식 미국바퀴(Periplaneta americana L.)의 특성 및 추출물의 항산화·항균 효과 (Effect of antioxidation and antibacterial activity on crude extract and Characterization of American Cockroaches (Periplaneta americana L.) in Korea)

  • 김정은;김선곤;강성주;김춘성;최용수
    • 한국잠사곤충학회지
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    • 제53권2호
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    • pp.135-142
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    • 2015
  • 본 연구는 미국바퀴(Periplaneta americana)의 식의약용 소재로의 활용을 위하여 미국바퀴의 사육 특성을 조사하여 사육의 편의를 제공하고, 유용물질의 분리 및 분석을 통하여 식의약용 소재로의 가능성을 제시하고자 하였으며, 그 결과로 미국바퀴는 한 개의 난포가 평균 25개의 알을 포란하고 있고, 14.5개의 알이 부화하여 약 67%의 부화율을 보였으며, $28^{\circ}C$에서 사육하는 것이 가장 효율적인 사육온도로 확인하였다. 미국바퀴(P. americana) 성충의 일반성분 및 유용성분 분석 결과, 일반성분 중 수분이 60% 이상을 차지하고 있으며, 조지방이 1%, 조단백질은 33.49 %로써 조단백질 함량이 높게 측정되었다. 필수아미노산이 2.37%를 차지하고 있으며, 지방산은 항암작용을 가지고 있는 oleic acid (C18 : 1n9c)가 28.91%, palmitic acid(C16 : 0)가 19.06%로 가장 많은 량을 차지하고 있어 미국바퀴의 식용화 가능성을 확인하였다. 미국바퀴(P. americana)는 성충을 멸균증류수(DW) 및 각종 유기용매(ethyl acetate, hexan, ethyl ether, EtOH, MeOH))로 추출하여 각각의 조추출물이 가지고 있는 항균 활성을 측정하기 위하여 그램 음성균인 P. aeruginosa, E. coli와 그램 양성균인 B. subtilis, S. auricularis와 진균인 C. abbicans을 대상으로 실시한 disc diffusion test의 결과, ethyl ether를 이용하여 추출한 조추출물이 시험에 사용된 각각의 공시균주에 대하여 B. subtilis $1.88{\pm}0.40mm$, S. auricularis $7.78{\pm}0.76mm$, P. aeruginosa $6.44{\pm}1.03mm$, E. coli $7.55{\pm}0.74mm$, C. abbicans $5.61{\pm}0.57mm$의 clear zone을 형성하면서 각각의 균주 생장을 저해하는 것을 확인하였으며, 온도 스트레스에 대한 항산화 물질인 GST 발현량을 Real Time PCR을 이용하여 정량분석 한 결과, 항산화 단백질인 GST는 $37^{\circ}C$에서 한 시간 단위로 점차 발현량이 증가하고, $4^{\circ}C$ 처리를 한 경우에는 1시간 경과 후 급격하게 증가하였으며, 2시간 경과한 후에 가장 많은 발현량을 보였다. 본 연구결과에 따라서, 미국바퀴(P. americana)는 각종 유용성분을 함유하고 있으며, 항균 활성도 우수한 것으로 확인하였고, 온도처리와 같은 사육조건 조절시 고품질의 원료생산을 통한 농가소득 증대에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

포도와 미국자리공 세포현탁배양계 안토시아닌과 베타시아닌에 미치는 광의 영향 (Effect of Light on Production of Athocyanin and Betacyanin Thruough Cell Suspension Culture Systems in Vitis vinyfera L. and Phytolacca americana L.)

  • 최관삼;인준교;이영복
    • 식물조직배양학회지
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.47-53
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    • 1994
  • 본 실험은 포도와 미국자리공의 세포현탁배양계에서 세포생장과 athocyaninn 및 betacyanin 색소생성에 미치는 광의 영향을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 포도의 세포현탁배양계에서의 세포증식 패턴은 광의 효과가 미약하였으나, 미국자리공의 경우는 암배양에 비하여 광조사구에서 뚜렷한 세포증식 패턴을 나타내었다. 포도세포는 12일간의 배양기간중 한번의 생장 피크를 보여주는데 비하여 미국자리공의 배양세포는 두 번의 증식 피크를 보여 광이 세포의 생장 및 분열 주기를 촉진시킬 뿐만 아니라 색소의 축적도 촉진시키는 것으로 나타났으며, 미국자리공 배양세포는 배양 후 4일째에 액포화에 따른 색소의 축적이 확인되었다. 한편, 색소생성에 미치는 광의 영향은 포도 현탁배양계에서는 배양후 6일째부터 생성되기 시작하여 배양 후 10일 전후에 최고치를 보이는데 비하여, 미국자리공의 현탁배양계에서는 세포증식 패턴에 따라 배양 후 4일째와 8일째에 두 번의 피크를 보였다. 그러나 이들 두 가지 모두 암배양하에서는 거의 색소 생합성이 이루어지지 않고 광상태하에서만 색소의 축적을 볼 수 있었다. 한편, 포도 세포배양계에서는 배양 후 4일째에 처리한 광은 약간의 효과가 있었으나, 배양 후 7일째 12시간 이상의 광에 의하여 색소생성이 크게 촉진되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 미국자리공의 경우에는 배양 후 7일 째보다는 오히려 배양 후 4일째에 광이 더욱 효과적이었다. 이상의 사실은 이들 두 가지 색소의 생합성과정에는 광이 절대적으로 필수적이지만 광을 필요로 하는 시기 및 요구하는 광량 등이 서로 다르다는 것을 시사해 준다.

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Comparative Microbiome Analysis of Three Species of Laboratory-Reared Periplaneta Cockroaches

  • Lee, Seogwon;Kim, Ju Yeong;Yi, Myung-hee;Lee, In-Yong;Lee, Won-Ja;Moon, Hye Su;Yong, Dongeun;Yong, Tai-Soon
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • 제58권5호
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    • pp.537-542
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    • 2020
  • Cockroaches inhabit various habitats, which will influence their microbiome. Although the microbiome can be influenced by the diet and environmental factors, it can also differ between species. Therefore, we conducted 16S rDNA-targeted high-throughput sequencing to evaluate the overall bacterial composition of the microbiomes of 3 cockroach species, Periplaneta americana, P. japonica, and P. fuliginosa, raised in laboratory for several generations under the same conditions. The experiments were conducted using male adult cockroaches. The number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was not significantly different among the 3 species. With regard to the Shannon and Pielou indexes, higher microbiome values were noted in P. americana than in P. japonica and P. fuliginosa. Microbiome composition was also evaluated, with endosymbionts accounting for over half of all OTUs in P. japonica and P. fuliginosa. Beta diversity analysis further showed that P. japonica and P. fuliginosa had similar microbiome composition, which differed from that of P. americana. However, we also identified that P. japonica and P. fuliginosa host distinct OTUs. Thus, although microbiome compositions may vary based on multiple conditions, it is possible to identify distinct microbiome compositions among different Periplaneta cockroach species, even when the individuals are reared under the same conditions.