• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.472-476
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• 1996

The major portions of two DNA fragments, one from degradative plasmid, pRA4000 from Pseudomonas putida NCIMB 9866, and the other from degradative plasmid, pRA500 from P. putida NCIMB 9869, which harbor the structural genes for the flavoprotein (pchF) and cytochrome (pchC) subunits of p-cresol methylhydroxylase (PCMH), have been sequenced. The DNA and deduced amino acid sequences for pchC and pchF have been published. In these fragments, a coding region (dhal) for an aldehyde dehydrogenase has been identified. It is proposed that this gene encodes for the aldehyde dehydrogenase which converts p-hydroxybenzyaldehyde to p-hydroxybenzoate. p-Hydroxybezealdehyde is the product of oxidation of p-cresol by PCMH. The fragment from P. putida 9869 also harbors the genes for the ${\alpha}$ (pcaG) and ${\beta}$ (pcaH) subunits of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxigenase. The fragment from 9866 does not have any portion of these genes in the corresponding region A possible open reading frame (ORF) between pchC and pchF is seen for both clones, and a second putative open reading frame (ORF') also exists in the 9866 clone. The gene organizations are dhal-pchC-ORF-pchF-pcaGH for the DNA fragment from 9869, and ORF-dhal-pchC-ORF-pchF for the DNA fragment from 9866.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 1999

Enzymatic hydrolysis with tuna pyloric caeca crude enzyme(TPCCE) was performed to recover a protein hydrolysate from hoki frame, fish processing by-product. Optimum hydrolytic conditions were pH 10.0, temperature $50^{\circ}C$, and incubation time 12 hrs, and then the degree of hydrolysis was about 60%. The yield of the hydrolysate from hoki frame by enzymatic hydrolysis was approximately 77% on a dry weight basis. The prepared protein hydrolysates were also fractionated through a series of 30, 10, 5 and 1 kDa molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) membranes in order to investigate the effect of their functionalities according to the difference of their molecular size. As the result of studying functionalities of the hydrolysates, 1 K hydrolysate showed the highest solubility over all pHs, and 30 and 10 K hydrolysate showed more excellent emulsifying property and whippability than the other hydrolysates.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was finding out proper wall assembly to reduce moisture accumulation in light frame wall under outdoor air conditions. For the purpose, moisture transfer and accumulation in a wall were evaluated for five types of wall assembly; typical wall (T), addition of a vapor retarder (P1), addition of two vapor retarders (P2), addition of an open air gap for ventilation behind the siding (P3), and shift of vapor retarder with proposed wall 'P3' (P4). The moisture transfer and accumulation in the all walls were evaluated after applying the typical and proposed walls to the field test house. Performances of the typical and proposed walls were compared according to the season. Rank for effective wall on reducing moisture accumulation in wall was 1) shift of vapor ratarder and addition of open air gap (P4), 2) addition of vapor retarder (P1), 3) typical wall (T), 4) addition of open air gap (P3), and 5) the other (P2).

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.250-263
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• 2001

The up and down speed of heddle frames that produce woven cloth by insertion of weft yarns between warp yarns has been increased recently much for productivity improvement, which induces higher inertial stresses and vibrations in the heddle frame. the heddle frame is required to reduce its mass because the heddle frame contributes the major portion of the stresses in the heddle frames during accelerating and decelerating. Conventional aluminum heddle frames have fatigue life of around 5 months at 550rpm due to their low fatigue flexural strength as well as low bending stiffness. In this work, since carbon/epoxy composite materials have high specific fatigue strength(S/p), high specific modulus(E/p), high damping capacity and sandwich construction results in lower deflections and higher buckling resistance, the sandwich structure composed of carbon/epoxy composite skins and polyurethane foam were employed for the high-speed heddle frame. The design map for the sandwich beams was accomplished to determine the optimum thickness and the stacking sequences for the heddle frames. Also the effects of the number of ribs on the stress of the heddle frame were investigated by FEM analyses. Finally, the high-speed heddle frames were manufactured with sandwich structures and the static and dynamic properties of the aluminum and the composite heddle frames were tested and compared with each other.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1031-1046
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• 2018

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a dedicated network to connect vehicles without any centralized administration or infrastructure. The wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) protocol leveraging IEEE 1609/802.11p is widely implemented for VANETs. However, in congested traffic situation, the performance of the WAVE system degrades significantly due to serious collision, especially for safety related broadcast services on the control channel (CCH) interval due to the inherent drawback of its collision avoidance mechanisms called carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA). In this paper, we propose a method that can decrease the number of frame collisions in CCH with a few modifications to the IEEE 802.11p protocol. In the paper, vehicles still employ CSMA/CA to compete for the channel access opportunity. However, by taking advantage of periodicity of synchronization interval, a two-state switching scheme introducing two new inter frame space (IFS) is proposed to reduce the number of competing vehicles substantially and as a result, the collision probability is significantly decreased. The simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method in packet collision rate.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2001

Two linear plasmid-like DNAs, 10.2 kb and 7.2 kb were found in the mitochondria of P. ostreatus. They have covalently linked 5'-terminal proteins in both ends. Two continuous fragments of 4.7 kb and 2.3 kb from 7.2 kb DNA were cloned and sequenced. Two long open reading frames (ORF1; 2982 bp, 993 a.a and ORF2; 2703 bp, 900 a.a) and one short open reading frame(ORF3; 771 bp, 256 a.a) were found in the 7.2 kb plasmid. The putative ORF1 and ORF2 have conserved motifs of DNA polymerases and RNA polymerases, respectively, while the ORF3 has homologous regions with phosphatase from Plasmodium, and also with adhesine from Mycoplasma.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.1075-1078
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• 1999

In this paper, we propose a hybrid watermarking algorithm for MPEG bitstream. Hybrid watermarking technique uses Spread Spectrum technique for I-frame and Motion Vector technique for P, B-frame. Thus, it enables all MPEG frame to be watermarked. By applying above technique, it is possible not only to protect intellectual property right but also to be robust to all kinds of attacks. And this scheme requires partial decoding of MPEG bitstream, so it can be applied to real time watermarking applications.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.235-244
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• 1999

We will derive some identities related to p-scalars, p-vectors, and non-holonomic frames in a generalized 2-dimensional Riemannian manifold $X_2$.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.321-336
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• 2011

This paper presents the results of static vertical load tests carried out on a model building frame supported by pile groups embedded in cohesionless soil (sand). The effect of soil interaction on displacements and rotation at the column base and also the shears and bending moments in the columns of the building frame were investigated. The experimental results have been compared with those obtained from the finite element analysis and conventional method of analysis. Soil nonlinearity in the lateral direction is characterized by the p-y curves and in the axial direction by nonlinear vertical springs along the length of the piles (${\tau}-z$ curves) at their tips (Q-z curves). The results reveal that the conventional method gives the shear force in the column by about 40-60%, the bending moment at the column top about 20-30% and at the column base about 75-100% more than those from the experimental results. The response of the frame from the experimental results is in good agreement with that obtained by the nonlinear finite element analysis.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.371-392
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• 2000

Application of "advanced analysis" methods suitable for non-linear analysis and design of steel frame structures permits direct and accurate determination of ultimate system strengths, without resort to simplified elastic methods of analysis and semi-empirical specification equations. However, the application of advanced analysis methods has previously been restricted to steel frames comprising only compact sections that are not influenced by the effects of local buckling. A concentrated plasticity method suitable for practical advanced analysis of steel frame structures comprising non-compact sections is presented in this paper. The pseudo plastic zone method implicitly accounts for the effects of gradual cross-sectional yielding, longitudinal spread of plasticity, initial geometric imperfections, residual stresses, and local buckling. The accuracy and precision of the method for the analysis of steel frames comprising non-compact sections is established by comparison with a comprehensive range of analytical benchmark frame solutions. The pseudo plastic zone method is shown to be more accurate and precise than the conventional individual member design methods based on elastic analysis and specification equations.