• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.5-16
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• 2008

오염지반에 편재하중이 작용하는 경우에 있어서 지반의 소성화로 인한 측방유동에 대한 안정관리방법을 규명하기 위하여 기존의 이론적인 배경을 고찰하고, 모형실험을 통하여 실측한 결과를 상호 비교 분석하였다. ML과 $ML_{p1},\;ML_{p2}$ 모두 하중(q)-침하량$(S_v)$ 곡선에서 얻어진 극한지지력은 부영(富永) 교본(橋本) 의 변위량$(S_v-Y_m)$에 대한 관리도, 송미(松尾) 천촌(川村)의 $\{S_v-(Y_m/S_v)\}$의 관리도, 자전(紫田) 관구(關口)의 $(q/Y_m)-q$의 관리도에서 얻어진 극한지지력과 상당히 유사하게 나타나고 있어 실제 적용시 무리가 없을 것으로 사료된다. $ML_{p1}$의 송미(松尾) 천촌(川村)의 $\{S_v-(Y_m/S_v)\}$ 관리도에서 얻어진 극한하중은 하중-침하량 곡선$(q-S_v)$에서 얻어진 극한하중 값보다 작은 값을 보이고 있다. 송미(松尾) 천촌(川村)의 안정관리도의 파괴기준선에 대한 ML의 산정식 ${S_v=3.21exp}\{-0.48(Y_m/S_v)\}$이며, $ML_{p1}$의 산정식 ${S_v=3.173exp}\{-0.45(Y_m/S_v)\}$, $ML_{p2}$의 산정식 ${S_v=6.33exp}\{-0.45(Y_m/S_v)\}$으로 결정할 수 있다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.56-66
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• 1999

The purpose of this study focused how to show physiological responses comparing exercise group and non exercise group for progressive maximal wheelchair ergometer exercise loading in complete paraplegia. It also examined the various factors which would be influenced physiological responses. Sixteen subjects have been investigated in this study, and the subjects are divided into two groups as follows: 1) exercise group (7 subjects) 2) non exercise group (9 subjects). Each test was terminated by physical exhaustion and/or an inability to maintain a flywheel velocity. The results were as follows: 1) No difference was noted in pulmonary function test between two groups. 2) $\dot{v}$ Emax value during maximal exercise was significantly different between the groups (p<0.05). The mean $\dot{v}$ Emax of exercise group was $69.67{\ell}/min$, non exercise group was $41.47{\ell}/min$. 3) $\dot{v}$ $O_2max$(${\ell}/min$) value during maximal exercise was significantly different between the groups (p<0.05). The mean $\dot{v}$ $O_2max$(${\ell}/min$) of exercise group was $1.72{\ell}/min$, non exercise group was $1.15{\ell}/min$. 4) $\dot{v}$ $O_2$ max(ml/kg/min) value during maximal exercise was significantly different between the groups (p<0.05). The mean $\dot{v}$ $O_2max$($ml/kg{\cdot}min$) of exercise group was $25.99ml/kg{\cdot}min$, non exercise group was $18.61{\ell}/min$. 5) Maximal heart rate(HRmax) value during maximal exercise was significantly different between the groups (p<0.05). The mean HRmax of exercise group was 180.43 beats/min, non exercise group was 175.00 beats/min. 6) $\dot{v}\;E/\dot{v}\;O_2$ value during maximal exercise was not significantly different between the groups (p>0.05). The mean $\dot{v}\;E/\dot{v}\;O_2$ of exercise group was $36.36{\ell}/{\ell}\;O_2$, non exercise group was $45.46{\ell}/{\ell}\;O_2$. Considering the results which explore the exercise group with paraplegia has shown the maximal aerobic power compared with non exercise group, regular and consistent physical training is highly assumed as a main factor to improve cardiopulmonary fitness.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.341-347
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics and Vitamin $K_2$ (MK-7) productivity of Cheonggukjang fermented by Bacillus subtilis SRCM100757 depending on the inoculum concentration 0.5% (v/w), 1% (v/w) and 2% (v/w). The lowest moisture content and water activity were $53.7{\pm}0.6%$ and $8.39{\pm}0.09$ after fermentation for 72 hours at 2% (v/w). pH slowly became alkalized during fermentation, but there was no significant difference. Amino nitrogen content increased with time and the highest content was $580.8{\pm}1.9mg%$ after fermentation for 72 hours at 2% (v/w). Lightness (L value) and yellowness (b value) decreased with time, whereas redness (a value) hardly changed. MK-7 contents increased with time at each inoculum concentration. The highest content was $20.47{\pm}1.53$ after fermeatation for 72 hours at 2%(v/w) and there were no significant differences between 1%(v/w) and 2%(v/w) inoculum concentrations.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2016

최근 환경, 의료분야에서 실시가 검출 및 인체 삽입형 pH 센서에 대한 요구가 증가하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 생체적 합성이 우수한 그래핀을 이용하여 실시간 pH 검출이 가능한 센서를 개발하였다. Polyethylene terephthalate(PET) 기판에 전사된 그래핀 표면에 이온 용액속에서 동작하는 전계효과 트랜지스터(solution-gated field-effect transistors; SGFETs)를 제작하였으며 이를 이용하여 이온 용액의 pH를 검출하였다. 제작한 트랜지스터의 게이트 채널 길이는 $500{\mu}m$, 게이트 채널 폭은 8mm이다. 이온 용액속에서 트랜지스터 동작특성 및 pH 감도를 평가하기 위하여 드레인-소스 전압($V_{DS}$)에 따른 드레인-소스 전류($I_{DS}$) 및 게이트-소스 전압($V_{GS}$)에 따른 드레인-소스 전류($I_{DS}$)를 측정하였다. PET기판에 전사된 그래핀 위에 제작한 그래핀 SGFETs의 전류-전압 특성은 이온 용액내에서 매우 안정적으로 동작하였으며 그래핀 SGFETs의 Dirac point는 이온 용액의 pH값이 증가함에 따라 양의 방향으로 19.32 mV/pH씩 증가하였다.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제28A권10호
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• pp.821-829
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• 1991

In this paper, a BICMOS technology that has CMOS devices for digital application and bipolar devices for high voltage (80V) analog applications is presented. Basic concept to design BICMOS device is simple process technology without making too many performance trade-offs. The base line process is poly gate p-well CMOS process and three additional masking steps are added to improve bipolar characteristics. The key ingredients of bipolar integration are n+ buried layer process, up/down isolation process and p-well base process. The bipolar base region is formed simultaneously with the region of CMOS p-well area to reduce mask and heat cycle steps. As a result, hFE value of NPN bipolar transistor is 100-150(Ic=1mA). Collector resistance value is 138 ohm in case of bent type collector structure. Breakdown voltage of BVebo, BVcbo and BVceo are 21V, 115V and78V respectively. Threshold voltage is ${\pm}$1.0V for NMOS and PMOS transistor. Breakdown voltage of NMOS and PMOS transistor is obtained 22V and 19V respectively. 41 stage CMOS ring oscillator has 0.8ns delay time.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2009

In this paper, we used computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) software with several models for the simulation of a TL glow curve which was used for analysis. By using the general approximation plus model, parameters values of the glow curve were analyzed and compared with the other models parameters (general approximation, mixed order kinetics, general order kinetics). The LiF:Mg,Cu,Si and the LiF:Mg,Cu,P material were used for the glow curve analysis. And we based on figure of merits (FOM) which was the goodness of the fitting that was monitored through the value between analysis model and TLD materials. The ideal value of FOM is 0 which represents a perfect fit. The main glow peak makes the most effect of radiation dose assessment of TLD materials. The main peak of the LiF:Mg,Cu,Si materials has a intensity rate 80.76% of the whole TL glow intensity, and that of LiF:Mg,Cu,P materials has a intensity rate 68.07% of the whole TL glow intensity. The activation energy of LiF:Mg,Cu,Si was analyzed as 2.39 eV by result of the general approximation plus(GAP) model. In the case of mixed order kinetics (MOK), the activation energy was analyzed as 2.29 eV. The activation energy was analyzed as 2.38 eV by the general order kinetics (GOK) model. In the case of LiF:Mg,Cu,P TLD, the activation energy was analyzed as 2.39 eV by result of the GAP model. In the case of MOK, the activation energy was analyzed as 2.55 eV. The activation energy was analyzed as 2.51 eV by the GOK model. The R value means different ratio of retrapping-recombination. The R value of LiF:Mg,Cu,Si TLD main peak analyzed as $1.12\times10^{-6}$ and $\alpha$ value analyzed as $1.0\times10^{-3}$. The R of LiF:Mg,Cu,P TLD analyzed as $7.91\times10^{-4}$, the $\alpha$ value means different ratio of initial thermally trapped electron density-initial trapped electron density (include thermally disconnected trap electrons density). The $\alpha$ value was analyzed as $9.17\times10^{-1}$ which was the difference from LiF:Mg,Cu,Si TLD. The deep trap electron density of LiF:Mg,Cu,Si was higher than the deep trap electron density of LiF:Mg,Cu,P.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2016

본 연구는 탈회 유전치에 3가지 불소바니쉬를 이용하여 인공우식의 재광화 효과를 비교 평가하였다. 인공우식용액에 40개의 건전한 유전치 시편을 침적시킨 후, $37^{\circ}C$ 항온기에 7일 동안 보관하여 유전치에 탈회를 형성하였다. Cavity shield$^{TM}$, V varnish$^{TM}$, MI varnish$^{TM}$를 1주일에 한 번씩 3주 동안 탈회된 유전치에 도포 후 불소바니쉬 종류에 따른 미세경도 변화를 평가하였다. 1주차에서는 MI varnish$^{TM}$군이 가장 높은 재광화 효과를 보였고 다음으로 V varnish$^{TM}$군이 높았으며, Cavity shield$^{TM}$군이 낮은 재광화 효과를 보였으며, 세 군 모두 유의한 차이는 없었다(p > 0.05). 2주차에서는 V varnish$^{TM}$군이 가장 높은 재광화 효과를 보였으며 그 다음으로 MI varnish$^{TM}$군 높았지만 V varnish$^{TM}$군과 유의한 차이는 없었다(p > 0.05). Cavity shield$^{TM}$군은 V varnish$^{TM}$군과 MI varnish$^{TM}$군에 비해 유의하게 낮은 재광화 효과를 보였다(p < 0.05). 3주차에서는 V varnish$^{TM}$군이 나머지 두 군과 유의한 차이를 보이며 가장 높은 재광화 효과를 보였고(p < 0.05), 다음으로 MI varnish$^{TM}$군이 높았으며 Cavity shield$^{TM}$군이 가장 낮은 재광화 효과를 보였지만, MI varnish$^{TM}$군과의 유의한 차이는 없었다(p > 0.05). 총 미세경도 증가량은 Cavity shield$^{TM}$군에 비해 V varnish$^{TM}$군과 MI varnish$^{TM}$군이 높았으며(p < 0.05), V varnish$^{TM}$군과 MI varnish$^{TM}$군 사이 통계학적 유의한 차이는 없었다(p > 0.05).

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.143-154
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• 2002

The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on cerebral physiology during heart surgery remains incompletely understood. This study was carried out to investigate changes of cerebral metabolism and the association between the changes and clinical factors during heart surgery. Seventy adult patients (n=70) scheduled for elective cardiac surgery were participated in the present study. Middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (V$_{MCA}$), cerebral arteriovenous oxygen content difference (C(a-v)O$_2$), cerebral oxygen extraction (COE), and modified cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (MCMRO$_2$) were measured during six phases of the operation; Pre-CPB, CPB-10 min, Rewarm-1 (nasopharyngeal temperature 34$^{\circ}C$), Rewarm-2 (nasopharyngeal temperature 37$^{\circ}C$), CPB-off, and Post-OP (at skin closure after CPB-off). Each relationship of age, arterial blood gas parameters, or other variables to V$_{MCA}2$, C(a-v)O$_2$, COE, or MCMRO$_2$ was evaluated. V$_{MCA}$ increased (P<0.0001) whereas C(a-v)O$_2$ decreased (P<0.01) throughout the five phases of the operation compared to Pre-CPB value (control). COE diminished at CPB-10, Rewarm-1, and CPB-off (P<0.05) while MCMRO$_2$ reduced at CPB-10 and Rewarm-1 (P<0.05) compared to Pre-CPB value. Positive correlation was found between age and cerebral metabolic parameters (V$_{MCA}$, C(a-v)O$_2$, COE, or MCMRO$_2$) during CPB (range r=0.24 to 0.38, p<0.05). Four cerebral metabolic parameters had partially negative or positive correlation with arterial blood gas parameters and other variables (arterial blood pH, $O_2$ tension, $O_2$ content, $CO_2$ tension, blood pressure, blood flow, temperature, or hematocrit) during the operation. In conclusion, CPB led to marked alterations of cerebral metabolism and age, pH, and $CO_2$ tension profoundly influenced the changes during cardiac surgery.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2015

최근까지 Chromameter$^{(R)}$ CR-400, Mexameter$^{(R)}$ M18 그리고 육안평가는 피부색 평가를 위한 주된 평가방법으로 이용되어 왔다. 하지만 본 연구를 통해 피부색의 변화를 평가할 수 있는 객관성 있는 평가방법으로 이미지 분석을 제안하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 세 가지의 기존 평가방법의 변수들과 이미지 분석을 통해 얻은 V (Value) 값을 이용하여 미백 인체 효능평가를 수행하고 변수들 사이의 상관성을 분석하여 이미지 분석의 신뢰성을 확보하고자 하였다. 효능 평가를 위해 과색소침착으로 고민하는 34명의 시험 대상자를 모집하였고 선정된 시험 대상자들은 8주간의 시험기간 동안 vitamin C가 함유된 5 종류의 미백 화장품을 사용하는 동시에 일주일에 1회 전기이온영동(iontophoresis) 시술을 받았다. 제품 사용 및 시술 전과 8주 후 기존 평가 변수들과 V 값 측정결과를 비교하고 각 변수들 사이의 상관성을 분석한 결과, 제품 사용 및 시술 8주 후 V 값은 Chromameter$^{(R)}$의 $L^*$ 값의 경향과 유사하게 증가하였으며, $L^*$ 값과는 양의 상관관계를 보이는 것을 확인하였다(r = 0.494, p < 0.01). 또한, Mexameter$^{(R)}$의 MI 값(r = - 0.683, p < 0.01)과 육안평가 측정 값(r = - 0.549, p < 0.01)은 V 값과 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 따라서 이미지 분석의 V 값의 활용은 기존의 평가방법과 더불어 주관적인 육안평가의 한계를 보완할 수 있는 신뢰성 있는 미백평가 방법의 하나라고 생각된다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.792-800
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• 1996

The shape retention finishing provides a fabric for easiness of no-ironing after laundering. In spite of the obvious importance of the new finishing treatment, few systematic studies have been performed on the handle of the fabrics finished by the durable press process. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationships among the mechanical properties, durable press conditions, primary hand values and the total hand value of the fabrics finished by shape retention process. In this experiment, durable press grade of unfinished fabrics decreased below 2.5, but those of finished fabrics maintained above 4, but the mechanical properties of finished fabrics did not change significantly after laundering. In finished fabrics, D.P. value were correlated with mechanical properties, but had little effects with H.V. and T.H.V. Since the evaluation of the effect of durable press process was done with the naked eyes and standard sample, we could not know exactly change o( mechanical properties, but trace the change of mechanical properties which gave influences on the durable press effects by using KES-FB System.