• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2017

Consider the problem of estimating a $p{\times}1$ mean vector ${\theta}(p-q{\geq}3)$, $q=rank(P_V)$ with a projection matrix $P_v$ under the quadratic loss, based on a sample $X_1$, $X_2$, ${\cdots}$, $X_n$. We find a James-Stein type decision rule which shrinks towards projection vector when the underlying distribution is that of a variance mixture of normals and when the norm ${\parallel}{\theta}-P_V{\theta}{\parallel}$ is restricted to a known interval, where $P_V$ is an idempotent and projection matrix and rank $(P_V)=q$. In this case, we characterize a minimal complete class within the class of James-Stein type decision rules. We also characterize the subclass of James-Stein type decision rules that dominate the sample mean.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 1972

Sublimatographic study on the method of test for sulfur in the petroleum and rubber products was as following results: (1) The relation between the heating temperature$(t_h)$ and the vacuum condensing point(V.C.P.) of sulfur at different degree of vacuum appeared as Fig.4. The results were in good agreement with those expected from the $t_h-V.C.P$ curves of sublimatographic separation of sulfur. (2) The relation between the degree of vacuum and the V.C.P. at different heating temperature of sulfur appeared as follows; $$tv.c.p.=\alpha+{\beta}logP_{va}$$ (3) The V.C.P of sulfur could be physical property comparing with melting point and boiling point. (4) The relation between the V.C.P. and the quantity of sublimation of sulfur becomes quantitative as Fig.7.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.124-127
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• 2013

Black necrotic spots were observed from the fruits of paprika that were cultivating in a vinylhouse. The casual agents of the symptom were identified as several isolates of Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) by responses of indicator plants, electron microscopy, and RT-PCR analysis. Symptoms of the viral disease were mild mottle in the young leaves, necrotic spots on the fruits and the fruit apex of paprika, but the symptoms were not shown on the mature leaves. All of the PMMoV isolates were determined as $P_{1.2.3}$ pathotypes from the biological responses on the chilli pepper lines used for discrimination of tobamovirus pathotypes. Pathogenicity of the PMMoV isolates was also confirmed using mechanical inoculation method to paprika seedlings. The coat protein (CP) genes of the PMMoV isolates were compared at the nucleotide and amino acid levels with the previously published PMMoV isolate. The isolates share 96 to 99% CP nucleotide identity among the isolates. The CP of $P_{1.2}$-pathotype PMMoV-P2 presented Met at position 139, But the CPs of $P_{1.2.3}$-pathotype PMMoVs from paprika showed Met to Asn substitution at the same position. This is the first report of identification of $P_{1.2.3}$-pathotype PMMoV isolates from paprika in Korea.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.15 no.5 s.73
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• pp.38-46
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• 2006

The removal of arsenic(V) using four different natural minerals were evaluated. Parameters like contact time, pH, adsorbent dosages, and As(V) concentration were optimized. The kinetics of adsorption was observed to be fast and reached equilibrium within 2h. As(V) adsorption on studied minerals was dependent on pH and followed a pseudo-second-order reaction model. For kaolin, maximum adsorption was found at pH 5.0. Whereas, in case of other three minerals, a pH range of 6.0-7.0 was found to be the best for As(V) adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity (Q) was calculated by fitting Langmuir equation to the adsorption isotherms obtained under a specified condition. From the slope of best fit, the Q values were calculated to be 2.07, 2.15, 1.95 and 0.86 mg As(V)/g of bauxite, wad, iron ore and kaolin, respectively. Desorption of As(V) from loaded materials was dependent on the type of leaching reagents used. Based on the results, it was found that among the studied natural minerals, wad was the best As(V) adsorbent.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.157-166
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• 1984

These biologic test procedures are designed to test the suitability of P.V.C. made in Korea intended for parenteral preparation, which were based on the U.S. Pharmacopeia XIX "Biologic Test-Plastic Container", Official from July 1, 1975. Healthy adult human blood and rabbits weighing 2\ulcorner.2Kg were used for test materials. Sample P.V.C. were sampled from the medical equipments made in Korea randomly and Control P.V.C. were sampled from the standardized Cobe and Polystan P.V.C. tubes. P.V.C. extract was prepared from a homogeneous P.V.C. samples by incubating 60 square centimeters of the sample per 20 millimeters of sterile pyrogen-free saline at 70\ulcorner for 72 hours or autoclaving at 120\ulcorner for 1 hour. The Implantation Test was designed to evaluate the reaction of living tissue to the plastic by the method of the implantation of the Sample itself into animal tissue. The Systemic Injection Test, the Intracutaneous Test, and the remainders were designed to determine the biological response of animals to plastics by the single-dose injection of specific extracts prepared from a Sample. The results are as follows; 1.Implantation Test - No significant difference for reactions was noted between the Sample treated animal and the Control after 72 hours of implantation. 2.Systemic Toxicity Injection Test - No sign of toxicity and/or death immediately after injection and at 4, 24, 48 hours respectfully after injection. 3.Intracutaneous Test - None of the animals treated with the Sample showed a significantly greater reaction than the observed in the animals treated with Blank. 4.Pyrogen Assay-Only one animal treated with the Sample showed the maximal rise of rectal temperature about 0.2\ulcorner after 3 hours of injection, but remainders showed no change. 5.Hemolytic Index - The positive Control tube of distilled water exhibited complete hemolysis while the negative Control tube and P.V.C. extract were negative demonstrating no hemolysis. 6.Cell Morphology of Erythrocytes and Leukocytes on Stored, Heparinized Human Blood -- There was no significant difference in the morphology of either the Control or Sample extract. 7.Clotting Mechanism of Human Blood in vitro - After allowing to the P.V.C. extract at room temperature for 5 Hours and at 10\ulcorner for 24 hours, there was no appreciable difference in Prothrombin Time under these conditions. 8.Clotting Mechanism of Rabbit in vivo - At the termination of 5 days after intraperitoneal injection of the P.V.C. extract, no significant changes in Clotting Time were observed. According to the above results, it could be concluded that the P.V.C. made in Korea was acceptable for parenteral preparation, especially treated with physiologic saline and/or human blood.man blood.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.19.1-19.7
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• 2016

Background: Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.]) is a legume cultivated throughout most tropical countries and is valued as food and feed for human and livestock respectively. The search for an improved cowpea variety has been on-going with the aim of improving traits such as grain yield, drought and pest resistance. But no information exist on the feeding value of these improved varieties. Phosphate (P) fertilizer application is recommended to augment grain yield in grain legumes but data on the effect of P fertilizer on haulm quality is limited. Results: Two separate experiments were conducted to determine the effect of P fertilizer dose on the nutritive value of haulms from different cowpea varieties (V). In experiment 1, effect of three P doses (30, 60 and 90 kg $P_2O_5/ha$) on in vitro gas production (IVGP) characteristics, concentrations of digestible organic matter (DOM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of haulms from five cowpea varieties (Zaayura-SARC 4-75, Songotra-IT97K-499-35, Hewale-IT93K-192-4, IT99K 573-1-1 and Asomdwe-IT94K-410-2) were investigated using the $3(P){\times}5(V)$ factorial treatment arrangements in a completely randomized design. In experiment 2, the effects of two P doses (30 and 90 kg $P_2O_5/ha$) and two varieties (Zaayura-SARC 4-75 and Hewale-IT93K-192-4) on the voluntary feed intake, live weight, haematology and carcass characteristics of Djallonke lambs were also assessed using a $2(P){\times}2(V)$ factorial treatment arrangement. The $V{\times}P$ interaction significantly affected CP, NDF and ADF with CP concentration increasing with increase in P doses in Zaayura-SARC 4-75 and Asomdwe-IT94K-410-2. Whilst an increase (P < 0.05) in NDF was observed in Songotra-IT97K-499-35and Asomdwe-IT94K-410-2 as P doses increased, the other V only increased from P dose 30 to 60 kg/ha and declined at P dose 90 kg/ha. The ADF decreased (P < 0.05) with increase in P dose for all V with the exception of Songotra-IT97K-499-35. There was a significant V effect on DOM with the highest reported in Zaayura-SARC 4-75 (43.44 %). Daily DM intake, carcass length and blood urea nitrogen of the lambs were significantly affected by the V x P interaction. There was a significant V effect on globulin and P effect on live weight at slaughter, dressed weight, chuck, leg, loin, rib and flank and liver and lungs. Conclusion: It can be concluded that nutrient concentrations of cowpea haulms were positively influenced by different P dose and varieties with favorable effects on growth, haematology and carcass composition of lambs. Varieties Zaayura-SARC 4-75 and Hewale-IT93K-192-4 at P dose at 90 kg/ha are recommended to enhance growth performance and carcass yield of Djallonke lambs.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Biotite V on growth performance, nutrients digestibility and serum and meat cholesterol in broiler chickens. A total of four hundred and eighty Arbor Acre broilers (male, 2-d-old) were used in current feeding trial for 5 weeks. Broilers were allocated to three dietary treatments with eight replications per treatment and twenty broilers per pen according to a randomized complete block design. Dietary treatments included: 1) CON (basal diet), 2) BV200 (basal diet+200 mesh Biotite V 1.5%) and 3) BV325 (basal diet+325 mesh Biotite V 1.5%). During the first week of experiment, Biotite V increased weight gain in treatment groups compared to CON treatment (P<0.05). Through the entire experimental period, weight gain, feed intake and feed/gain had no significant differences among the treatments (P>0.05). Digestibilities of DM and N were also not affected when diets included Biotite V (P>0.05). No effects were observed in Biotite V supplemented treatments compared to CON treatment on abdominal fat weight, meat and serum cholesterol concentrations (P>0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of Biotite V in broiler diets has no influence on growth performance, nutrients digestibility and can not decrease the cholesterol concentrations in meat and serum.

• Journal of Applied and Pure Mathematics
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• v.5 no.1_2
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• pp.41-53
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• 2023

Let G = (V, E) be a (p, q) graph. Define $${\rho}=\{{\frac{2}{p}},\;{\text{{\qquad} if p is even}}\\{\frac{2}{p-1}},\;{{\text{if p is odd}}$$ and L = {±1, ±2, ±3, … , ±ρ} called the set of labels. Consider a mapping f : V ⟶ L by assigning different labels in L to the different elements of V when p is even and different labels in L to p-1 elements of V and repeating a label for the remaining one vertex when p is odd.The labeling as defined above is said to be a pair difference cordial labeling if for each edge uv of G there exists a labeling |f(u) - f(v)| such that ${\mid}{\Delta}_{f_1}-{\Delta}_{f^c_1}{\mid}{\leq}1$, where ${\Delta}_{f_1}$ and ${\Delta}_{f^c_1}$ respectively denote the number of edges labeled with 1 and number of edges not labeled with 1. A graph G for which there exists a pair difference cordial labeling is called a pair difference cordial graph. In this paper we investigate pair difference cordial labeling behaviour of Petersen graphs P(n, k) like P(n, 2), P(n, 3), P(n, 4).

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2022

Mackinawite (FeS), as a ubiquitous reduced iron mineral, is known as a key controller of redox reactions in anaerobic subsurface environment. The reaction of FeS with redox-sensitive toxic element such as arsenic is substantially affected by pH conditions of the given environments. In this study, the interaction of As(V) with FeS was studied under strict anaerobic conditions with various pH conditions. The pH-dependent arsenic removal tests were conducted under wide ranges of pH conditions and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was applied to investigate the reaction mechanisms under pH 5, 7, and 9. The removal efficiency of FeS for As(V) showed the higher removal of As(V) under low pH conditions and its removal efficiency decreased with increasing pH, and no As(V) reduction was observed in 1 g/L FeS solution. However, XAS analysis indicated the reduction of As(V) to As(III) occurred during reaction between FeS and As(V). The reduced form of As(III) was particularly identified as an arsenic sulfide mineral (As₂S₃) in all pH conditions (pH 5, 7, and 9). As₂S₃ precipitation was more pronounced in pH 5 where the solubility of FeS is higher than in other pH conditions. The linear combination fitting results of XAS demonstrated that As(V) removal mechanism is concerted processes of As₂S₃ precipitation and surface complexation of both arsenic species.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.1617-1628
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• 2016

In this paper, we extend the results given in [3] to a nonchain ring $R_p={\mathbb{F}}_p+v{\mathbb{F}}_p+{\cdots}+v^{p-1}{\mathbb{F}}_p$, where $v^p=v$ and p is a prime. We determine the structure of the cyclic codes of arbitrary length over the ring $R_p$ and study the structure of their duals. We classify cyclic codes containing their duals over $R_p$ by giving necessary and sufficient conditions. Further, by taking advantage of the Gray map ${\pi}$ defined in [4], we give the parameters of the quantum codes of length pn over ${\mathbb{F}}_p$ which are obtained from cyclic codes over $R_p$. Finally, we illustrate the results by giving some examples.