• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.200-203
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• 2008

Obesity has become a worldwide health problem. Orlistat, an inhibitor of pancreatic lipase, is currently approved as an anti-obesity drug. However, gastrointestinal side effects caused by Orlistat may limit its use. In this study the inhibitory activities of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) against pancreatic lipase in vitro and in vivo were measured to determine its possible use as a natural anti-obesity agent. The inhibitory activities of the 95% ethanol extract of T. officinale and Orlistat were measured using 4-methylumbelliferyl oleate (4-MU oleate) as a substrate at concentrations of 250, 125, 100, 25, 12.5 and $4\;{\mu}g/ml$. To determine pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity in vivo, mice (n=16) were orally administered with com oil emulsion (5 ml/kg) alone or with the 95% ethanol extract of T. officinale (400 mg/kg) following an overnight fast. Plasma triglyceride levels were measured at 0, 90, 180, and 240 min after treatment and incremental areas under the response curves (AUC) were calculated. The 95% ethanol extract of T. officinale and Orlistat, inhibited, porcine pancreatic lipase activity by 86.3% and 95.7% at a concentration of $250\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. T. officinale extract showed dose-dependent inhibition with the $IC_{50}$ of $78.2\;{\mu}g/ml$. A single oral dose of the extract significantly inhibited increases in plasma triglyceride levels at 90 and 180 min and reduced AVC of plasma triglyceride response curve (p<0.05). The results indicate that T. officinale exhibits inhibitory activities against pancreatic lipase in vitro and in vivo. Further studies to elucidate anti-obesity effects of chronic consumption of T. officinale and to identify the active components responsible for inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase are necessary.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.498-511
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• 2023

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of chest computed tomography (CT)-based qualitative and radiomics models for predicting residual axillary nodal metastasis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for patients with clinically node-positive breast cancer. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 226 women (mean age, 51.4 years) with clinically node-positive breast cancer treated with NAC followed by surgery between January 2015 and July 2021. Patients were randomly divided into the training and test sets (4:1 ratio). The following predictive models were built: a qualitative CT feature model using logistic regression based on qualitative imaging features of axillary nodes from the pooled data obtained using the visual interpretations of three radiologists; three radiomics models using radiomics features from three (intranodal, perinodal, and combined) different regions of interest (ROIs) delineated on pre-NAC CT and post-NAC CT using a gradient-boosting classifier; and fusion models integrating clinicopathologic factors with the qualitative CT feature model (referred to as clinical-qualitative CT feature models) or with the combined ROI radiomics model (referred to as clinical-radiomics models). The area under the curve (AUC) was used to assess and compare the model performance. Results: Clinical N stage, biological subtype, and primary tumor response indicated by imaging were associated with residual nodal metastasis during the multivariable analysis (all P < 0.05). The AUCs of the qualitative CT feature model and radiomics models (intranodal, perinodal, and combined ROI models) according to post-NAC CT were 0.642, 0.812, 0.762, and 0.832, respectively. The AUCs of the clinical-qualitative CT feature model and clinical-radiomics model according to post-NAC CT were 0.740 and 0.866, respectively. Conclusion: CT-based predictive models showed good diagnostic performance for predicting residual nodal metastasis after NAC. Quantitative radiomics analysis may provide a higher level of performance than qualitative CT features models. Larger multicenter studies should be conducted to confirm their performance.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1093-1101
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• 2023

Objective: Cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a noninvasive method to quantitatively assess bowel motility. However, its accuracy in measuring various degrees of small bowel motility has not been extensively evaluated. We aimed to draw a quantitative small bowel motility score from cine MRI and evaluate its performance in a population with varying degrees of small bowel motility. Materials and Methods: A total of 174 participants (28.5 ± 7.6 years; 135 males) underwent a 22-second-long cine MRI sequence (2-dimensional balanced turbo-field echo; 0.5 seconds per image) approximately 5 minutes after being intravenously administered 10 mg of scopolamine-N-butyl bromide to deliberately create diverse degrees of small bowel motility. In a manually segmented area of the small bowel, motility was automatically quantified using a nonrigid registration and calculated as a quantitative motility score. The mean value (MV) of motility grades visually assessed by two radiologists was used as a reference standard. The quantitative motility score's correlation (Spearman's ρ) with the reference standard and performance (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve [AUROC], sensitivity, and specificity) for diagnosing adynamic small bowel (MV of 1) were evaluated. Results: For the MV of the quantitative motility scores at grades 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3, the mean ± standard deviation values were 0.019 ± 0.003, 0.027 ± 0.010, 0.033 ± 0.008, 0.032 ± 0.009, and 0.043 ± 0.013, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between the quantitative motility score and the MV (ρ = 0.531, P < 0.001). The AUROC value for diagnosing a MV of 1 (i.e., adynamic small bowel) was 0.953 (95% confidence interval, 0.923-0.984). Moreover, the optimal cutoff for the quantitative motility score was 0.024, with a sensitivity of 100% (15/15) and specificity of 89.9% (143/159). Conclusion: The quantitative motility score calculated from a cine MRI enables diagnosis of an adynamic small bowel, and potentially discerns various degrees of bowel motility.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1240-1252
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• 2021

Objective: To compare the accuracy for detecting breast cancer in the diagnostic setting between the use of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), defined as DBT alone or combined DBT and digital mammography (DM), and the use of DM alone through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: Ovid-MEDLINE, Ovid-Embase, Cochrane Library and five Korean local databases were searched for articles published until March 25, 2020. We selected studies that reported diagnostic accuracy in women who were recalled after screening or symptomatic. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. A bivariate random effects model was used to estimate pooled sensitivity and specificity. We compared the diagnostic accuracy between DBT and DM alone using meta-regression and subgroup analyses by modality of intervention, country, existence of calcifications, breast density, Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category threshold, study design, protocol for participant sampling, sample size, reason for diagnostic examination, and number of readers who interpreted the studies. Results: Twenty studies (n = 44513) that compared DBT and DM alone were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86-0.93) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.84-0.94), respectively, for DBT, which were higher than 0.76 (95% CI 0.68-0.83) and 0.83 (95% CI 0.73-0.89), respectively, for DM alone (p < 0.001). The area under the summary receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.95 (95% CI 0.93-0.97) for DBT and 0.86 (95% CI 0.82-0.88) for DM alone. The higher sensitivity and specificity of DBT than DM alone were consistently noted in most subgroup and meta-regression analyses. Conclusion: Use of DBT was more accurate than DM alone for the diagnosis of breast cancer. Women with clinical symptoms or abnormal screening findings could be more effectively evaluated for breast cancer using DBT, which has a superior diagnostic performance compared to DM alone.

• 분석과학
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2012

Luminol-$H_2O_2$-Cu(II) 시스템을 이용한 화학발광법을 사용하여 방향족 아미노산인 트립토판, 타이로신 및 페닐알라닌의 정량분석을 하였다. 세 종류의 방향족 아미노산(트립토판, 타이로신, 페닐알라닌)을 luminol-$H_2O_2$-Cu(II) 시스템에 첨가하였을 때 아미노산이 존재하지 않을 때보다 화학발광세기가 더욱 증가하는 현상을 관찰하였으며, 이러한 현상을 이용하여 각 방향족 아미노산을 정량분석 하였다. 방향족 아미노산의 최적분석 조건을 조사하기 위하여, Cu(II) 이온 촉매에 의한 루미놀과 과산화수소의 화학발광반응에 미치는 아미노산의 반응속도론적 영향을 조사하였고 과산화수소와 Cu(II) 이온의 농도 그리고 pH와 완충용액의 영향을 조사하였다. 루미놀 화학발광 시스템의 최적 분석조건 하에서 수용액 중의 방향족 아미노산 정량분석을 위해 얻은 검정곡선에서 직선성이 성립하는 농도 범위는 각각 트립토판은 $1.0{\times}10^{-6}{\sim}2.0{\times}10^{-5}\;M$, 타이로신은 $1.0{\times}10^{-6}{\sim}2.0{\times}10^{-5}\;M$ 그리고 페닐알라닌은 $2.0{\times}10^{-6}{\sim}2.0{\times}10^{-5}\;M$이었으며, 이 구간에서 각 아미노산에 대한 상대표준편차(n = 4)는 순차적으로 3.21%, 2.64% 그리고 2.48%이었다. 그리고 각 아미노산의 검출한계($3{\sigma}/s$)는 트립토판 $6.8{\times}10^{-7}\;M$, 타이로신 $5.7{\times}10^{-7}\;M$, 페닐알라닌 $9.6{\times}10^{-7}\;M$이었다.

• 분석과학
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.531-536
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 이온쌍 역상 HPLC/UV를 이용하여 건강한 한국인에서 분리된 말초혈액단핵구(PBMCs)에서 이노신 5'-일인산 탈수소효소(IMPDH)의 활성을 측정하였다. IMPDH는 이노신 5'-일인산(IMP)을 잔토신 5'-일인산(XMP)로 전환시키는 베타-니코틴아마이드 아데닌 디뉴클로티드 수화물(${\beta}-NAD^+$) 의존성 탈수소효소이며, 이것의 활성은 기질인 IMP와 조효소인 $NAD^+$의 존재 하에서 분해한 PBMCs로 부터 생성된 XMP에 해당하는 HPLC 크로마토그램을 정량적으로 분석함으로써 측정하였다. 생성된 XMP는 260 nm에서 검출하였다. 이동상으로는 7 mM tetra-n-butylammonium hydrogen sulfate가 포함된 37 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 5.5)와 methanol의 혼합용액(85:15, v/v)을 사용하였으며, 유속은1 mL/min이었다. 정량 범위는 $0.2-50.0\;{\mu}M$이었으며, 이 때 정량 한계(LOQ)는 $0.2\;{\mu}M$이었다. 또한, 본 연구에서 확립된 시험법은 일내 정밀성(0.88-1.47%), 정확성(98.74-99.99%)과 일간 정밀성(0.85-5.24%), 정확성(99.95-101.65%)을 측정하여 검증하였다. 11명의 건강한 한국인에 대한 IMPDH 활성 측정 결과, 18.29-36.60 nmol/h/mg protein(평균값 $27.70{\pm}6.28\;nmol/h/mg$ protein)이었다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2019

본 연구는 농산물 중 잔류허용기준 신설 예정 농약인 가스가마이신의 안전 관리를 위한 공정 시험법을 개발하기 위하여 수행되었다. 가스가마이신은 단백질 합성과정 중 번역 개시 단계를 저해하여 균의 증식을 억제하는 작용기작을 가지고 있으며 특히 사상균인 Piricularia oryzae에 의해 발병하는 도열병을 예방하는 데 효과적이다. 현재 우리나라에는 농산물 중 가스가마이신의 잔류물의 정의가 설정되어 있지 않고 모화합물 만을 잔류물의 정의로 예정하고 있다. 또한 잔류허용기준이 설정된 농산물이 없기 때문에 모든 국내 재배 농산물 또는 수입 농산물 유통 시 실시하는 잔류농약 검사에서 농약 허용물질목록관리제도(Positive List System; PLS)에 의하여 잔류량이 0.01 mg/kg 이하가 되어야 한다. 이에 농산물 중 잔류농약 분석 및 검사를 위한 공정 시험법 마련이 시급하여 본 연구에서는 대표농산물 5종(현미, 감자, 대두, 감귤, 고추)을 대상으로 시험법을 개발하고자 하였다. 따라서 수용성 유기용매인 메탄올의 적용과 수산화나트륨을 이용한 pH 조절을 통한 추출법 및 HLB 카트리지를 이용한 정제법을 최적화하여 LC-MS/MS에 의한 분석법을 확립하였다. 가스가 마이신의 시험법 정량한계는 0.01 mg/kg이며 5종의 농산물에 0.01, 0.1 및 0.5 mg/kg의 처리농도로 회수율 실험을 한 결과 평균 회수율은 71.2~95.4%이었고, 상대표준 편차는 12.1% 이하로 조사되었다. 이러한 검증 결과는 국제식품규격위원회 가이드라인(CAC/GL 40-1993, 2003)의 잔류농약 분석 기준 및 식품의약품안전평가원의 '식품등 시험법 마련 표준절차에 관한 가이드라인(2016)'에 적합한 수준임을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발한 시험법은 국내 및 수입 농산물 중 가스가마이신의 안전 관리를 위한 공정시험법으로 활용될 수 있으며 잔류물의 정의 및 잔류허용기준을 설정하는 데 기초자료로써 활용 가능할 것이다.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.320-327
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• 2011

목적: 조산아는 산화 방지 시스템이 미성숙하여 과산소증 및 저산소증에 노출되면 이차적으로 중추 신경계, 호흡계, 혈액계 등 다른 체내 기관에 손상이 올 수 있다. 저자들은 1,500 g 미만 또는 32주 미만의 조산아에서 동맥혈 산소 분압을 50-70mmHg근처로 유지하기 위하여 경피적 산소 포화도를 90-94%로 유지하여 과산소증 및 저산소증을 회피하는 전략 하에 치료하였던 군(T)과 고식적인 경피적 산소 포화도 감시를 하였던 군(C)에서 사망률, 입원 기간 및 이환율에 대해 비교하였다. 방법: 충남대학교병원 신생아 집중치료실에 입원하였던 신생아 중 1,500 g 미만 또는 32주 미만의 조산아를 대상으로 하였다. 2008년 8월부터 2010년 7월까지 경피적 산소포화도를 90-94%으로 유지하였던 조산아들을 T군으로 하였고 2007년 1월에서 2008년 8월까지 경피적 산소 포화도 감시의 지침 없이 고식적인 관리를 하였던 조산아들을 C군으로 하였다. 양 군 간에 입원 중 사망률, 입원기간, 만성폐질환으로 이행 및 치료 여부, 괴사성 장염, 미숙아 망막증, 뇌실 내 출혈, 동맥관 개존증 등을 후향적으로 비교하였다. 결과: 양 군의 기본 특징은 성별 외에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 사망률은 T군에서 C 군 보다 적은 경향은 보였으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다(5.3% vs. 16.7%, P=0.127). 두 군간에 입원기간, 만성폐질환, 산소 사용 기간과 괴사성 장염의 빈도는 차이가 없었다. ICROP 제 3기 이상의 중증 미숙아 망막증은 T군이 C군 보다 적은 경향을 보였으며(2.6% vs. 10%, P=0.203), 뇌실 내 출혈의 발생 빈도는 T군에서 C군 보다 낮은 경향을 보였다(18.4% vs. 40.0%, P=0.051). 치료가 필요하였던 동맥관 개존증의 빈도는 양 군에서 차이가 없었다. 결론: 극소 저체중 출생아 또는 극소 조산아에서 경피적 산소포화도를 90-94%으로 유지하는 전략은 과산소증 및 잠재적인 저산소증에의 노출을 최소화함으로서 합병증의 증가 없이 단기적 예후 개선에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.15-15
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• 1976

In analyzing the operational characteristics of a rice whitening machine, the internal radial pressure of the machine was measured using strain gage equipment. Changes in cylinder and feed screw configurations, screen type, cylinder speed and counter-pressure levels were examined to determine their impact on the quality and quantity of milled rice and the performance of the machine. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The internal radial pressure in the whitening chamber varied with the surface condition of the grain being processed. During the first or second pass through the machine, pressure was relatively low, reached a maximum after two to three passes with combinations I and II, three to six with combination III and then began to fall. 2. The pitch of the feed screw and the size of the feed gate opening which determine the rate of entry of grain into the whitening chamber, appeared to be the most important factor aff-::cting the degree of radial pressure, quality and quantity of milled rice and the efficiency of the machine. Using a feed screw with a wide pitch (4.8cm), radial pressure was relatively high and head rice recovery ratio \vere quite low. In this case capacity and machine effic?iency were much higher than obtained when using a feed screw with a narrow pitch (2.3cm). Very significant responses in radial pressure, head rice recovery rates and machine capacity were observed with changes in cylinder speed and counter-pressure levels when using the wide pitch feed screw. 3. The characteristics of the screen which surrounds the whitening chamber had an important effect on whitening efficiency. The existence of small protuberances on the original screen resulted in significant increases in both machine capacity and efficiency but without a significant decrease in head rice recovery or development of excessive radial pressure. Further work is required to determine the effects of screen surface conditions and the shape of the cylinderical steel roller on the rate of bran removal, machine efficiency and recovery rates. The size of the slotted perforations 0:1 the screen affects total milled rice recovery. The opening size on the original screen was fabricated to accommodate the round shape of Japonica rice varieties but was not suitable for the more slender Indica type. Milling Indica varieties with this screen resulted in a reduction in total milled rice recovery. 4. An increase in cylinder speed from 380 to 820 rpm produced a positive effect on head rice recovery for all machine combinations at every level of counter-pressure used in the tests. Head rice recovery was considerably lower at 380rpm using a wide screw pitch when compared to the results obtained at speeds from 600 to 820 r.p.m. The effects of cylinder speed On radial pressure, capacity and machine efficiency showed contrasting results, depending on the width of the feed screw pitch. With a narrow feed screw pitch (2.3cm), a direct proportional relationship was observed bet?ween cylinder speed and both radial pressure and machine efficiency. In contrast, using a 4.8 centimeter pitch feed roller produced a series of inverse relationships between the above variables. Based on the results of this study it is recommended when milling Indica type long grain rice varieties that the cylinder speed of the original machine be increased from 500-600 rmp up to a minimum of 800 rpm to obtain a greater abrasive effect between the grain and the screen. The pitch of the feed screw should be also reduced to decr?ease the level of internal radial pressure and to obtain higher machine efficiency and increased quality of milled rice with increased cylinder speeds. Further study on the interaction between cylinder speed and feed screw pitch is recommended. 5. An increase in the counter pressure level produced a negative effect On the head rice recovery with an increase in radial pressure, capacity, and machine efficiency over all combinations and at every level of cylinder speed. 6. Head rice recovery rates were conditioned primarily by the pressure inside the whitening chamber. According to the empirical cha racteristics curve developed in this study, the relationships of head rice recovery ($Y_h$) and machine capacity ($Y_c$/TEX>) to internal radial pressure ($X_p$) followed an inverse quadratic function and a linear function respectively: $$Y_h^\Delta=\frac{1}{{1.4383-0.2951X_p^\ast+0.1425X_p^{\ast\ast}}^2} , (R^2=0.98)$$$$Y_c^\Delta=-305.83+374.37X_p^{\ast\ast}, (R^2=0.88)$$The correlation between capacity and power consumption per unit of brown rice expressed in the following exponential function: $$Y_c^\Delta=1.63Y_c^{-0.7786^\{\ast\ast}, (R^2=0.94)$$These relationships indicate that when radial pressure increases above a certain range (1. 6 to 2.0 kg/$cm^2$ based On the results of the experiment) head ricerecovery decrea?ses in a quadratic relation with a inear increase in capacity but without any decrease in power consump tion per unit of brown rice. On the other hand, if radial pressure is below the range shown above, power consumption increases dramatically with a lin?ear decrease in capacity but without significant increases in head rice recovery. During the operation of a given whitening machine, the optimum radial pressure range or the correct capacity range should be selected by controlling the feed rate and/or counter-pressure keeping in mind the condition of the grain, particulary the hardness. It was observed that the total number of passes is related to radial pessure level, feed rate and counter-pressure level. The higher theradial pressure the fewer num?ber of pass required but with decreased head rice recovery. In particular, when using high feed rates, the total number of passes should be increased to more than three by reducing the counter-pressure level to avoid decreaseases in head rice recovery (less than 65 percent head rice recovery on the basis of brown rice) at every cylinder speed. 7. A rapid rise in grain temperature seemed to have a close relationship with the pressure generated inside the whitening chamber and, subsequently with head rice reco?very rates. The higher the rate of increase, the lower were the resulting head rice recoveries.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.186-193
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• 2016

Oxathiapiprolin은 병원균의 포자형성과 효모성장을 저해하여 노균병을 방제하는 piperidinyl thiazole isoxazoline 계열 살균제로 2015년 국내 사용등록이 요청된 신규약제이다. 본 연구에서는 oxathiapiprolin의 신규등록과 관련해 안전관리를 위한 공정시험법 마련이 요구되어 농산물 중 잔류분석법을 개발하였다. 농산물 중 oxathiapiprolin은 acetonitrile로 추출한 뒤 분배효율 향상을 위해 1 N sodium hydroxide (NaOH)를 이용해 염기성으로 조절하여 비해리 상태로 만든 뒤 dichloromethane으로 액액분배하였으며 분배추출액은 silica SPE 카트리지로 정제한 뒤 HPLC-UVD로 분석하였다. 개발된 분석법의 검출한계(LOD) 및 정량한계(LOQ)는 각각 0.003, 0.01 mg/kg이었고, 대표농산물 5종(고추, 감귤, 감자, 대두, 현미) 중 oxathiapiprolin의 평균 회수율은 86.7-112.7%(상대표준편차, $RSD{\leq}10%$)으로 나타났다. 이는 잔류물 분석에 관한 CODEX 가이드라인(CAC/GL 40)을 만족하는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 개발된 분석법은 국내외 유통 농산물 중 oxathiapiprolin의 안전평가를 위한 잔류량 적부 판정에 있어 공정시험법으로 사용되기에 적합할 것으로 판단된다.