• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.775-796
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• 2014

This study presents a vibration-based health monitoring strategy for short span bridges utilizing an inspection vehicle. How to screen the health condition of short span bridges in terms of a drive-by bridge inspection is described. Feasibility of the drive-by bridge inspection is investigated through a scaled laboratory moving vehicle experiment. The feasibility of using an instrumented vehicle to detect the natural frequency and changes in structural damping of a model bridge was observed. Observations also demonstrated the possibility of diagnosis of bridges by comparing patterns of identified bridge dynamic parameters through periodical monitoring. It was confirmed that the moving vehicle method identifies the damage location and severity well.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.367-373
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• 2013

The ruthenium(II) ferrocenyl heterocyclic thiosemicarbazone complexes of the type $[RuCl(CO)(EPh_3)]_2L$ (where E = P/As; L = binucleating monobasic tridendate thiosemicarbazone ligand) have been investigated. Strutural features were determined by analytical and spectral techniques. Binding of these complexes with CT-DNA by absorption spectral study indicates that the ruthenium(II) complexes form adducts with DNA and has intrinsic binding constant in the range of $3.3{\times}10^4-1.2{\times}10^5M^{-1}$. The complexes exhibit a remarkable DNA cleavage activity with CT-DNA in the presence of hydrogen oxide and the cleavage activity depends on dosage.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.848-858
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• 2014

In this paper the construction of a model that represents the behavior of an Electric Vehicle is described. Both the mechanical and the electric traction systems are represented using Multi-Bond Graph structural approach suited to model large scale physical systems. Then the model of the controllers, represented with a functional approach, is included giving rise to an integrated model which exploits the advantages of both approaches. Simulation and experimental results are aimed to illustrate the electromechanical interaction and to validate the proposal.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 1990

This experiment was carried out in drder to study the changes of morphological characters and thatch weight on N-level and survey times N-levels were 0, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 g/m$^2$), respectively. The results are as follows. 1. Thatch weight was significantly different among survey times, and the interaction of survey time N-level. 2. The growth of Zoysia grass and thatch accumulation were incresed by higher N~level The highest value was obtained in all survey times. 3. Most survey characters and thatch accumulation was decreased by growth progressed. 4. Thatch increase rate(TIR) was the lowest at 28g Nm$^2$and T2-T3 period. 5. TIR was the positive significant correlated(P<0.05) with N-level, root weight, clipping weight and thatch weight.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.1160-1163
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• 2021

DOOH(Degital Out of Home) advertisement market is developing steadily, and the case of use is also increasing, In advertisement market, personalized services is actively being provided with technological development. On the other hand, personalized services are difficult to be provided in DOOH and are p rovided by only personal information, not feelings. This study aims to construct personalized DOOH se rvices by using AI facial expression recognition and suggesting a solution optimized for interaction bet ween user and services by providing healing and advertisement.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.415-426
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• 2006

In this study, the changes in the degree of conversion (DC) and the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) of self-etching adhesives to dentin was investigated according to the time after curing. The MTBS of Single Bond (SB, 3M ESPE, USA), Clearfil SE Bond (SE, Kuraray, Japan), Xeno-III (XIII, Dentsply, Germany), and Adper Prompt (AP, 3M ESPE, USA) were measured at 48h, at 1 week and after thermocycling for 5,000 cycles between 5$^{\circ}$C and 55$^{\circ}$C. The DC of the adhesives were measured immediately, at 48h and at 7 days after curing using a Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectrometer. The fractured surfaces were also evaluated with scanning electron microscope. The MTBS and DC were significantly increased with time and there was an interaction between the variables of time and material (MTBS, 2-way ANOVA, p = 0.018; DC, Repeated Measures ANOVA, p < 0.001). The low DC was suggested as a cause of the low MTBS of self-etching adhesives, XIII and AP, but the increase in the MTBS of SE and AP after 48h could not be related with the changes in the DC. The microscopic maturation of the adhesive layer might be considered as the cause of increasing bond strength.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.125-132
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• 2007

We estimated the distribution of predator-prey interaction strengths for 12 species of herbivores (including amphipods, isopods, gastropods, and sea urchins) and made a regression model that may be applicable to other species. Laboratory experiments were used to determine per capita grazing rate (PCGR; g seaweeds/individual/day). Relationship between the biomass of individual grazers and fourth-root transformed PCGR was fitted to power curve ($y=0.2310x^{0.3290}$, r=0.8864). This finding supported that the grazing efficiency was not even as individual grazers increase in size (biomass). Therefore, the biomass-normalized PCGR was estimated and revealed that smaller size herbivores were more effective grazers. Grazing impact considering density of each taxon was calculated. The sea hare Aplysia kurodai had greatest grazing impact on the seaweed bed and the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus and S. intermedius were ranked in descending order of the impact. The amount of seaweed grazed by the amphipod Elasmopus sp. (>4,000 $ind./m^2$) and Jassa falcata (>2,000 $ind./m^2$) were 3.435 and $1.697mg/m^2/day$ respectively. The combined grazing amount of herbivores was $5,045mg/m^2/day$ in the seaweed bed. Although sea hare and sea urchin had strong impacts on seaweeds, the effects of dense, smaller species could not be seen as negligible. Surprisingly, the calculated grazing potential of sea urchins with a mean density of 3 $ind./m^2$ exceeded the mean production of seaweed cultured in domestic coastal waters in Korea (ca., 5 ton/ha). Small crustaceans were also expected to consume up to 16% of the seaweed production if their densities were rising under weak predation conditions. Considering that the population density of herbivores are strongly controlled by fish, human interference like overfishing may have strong negative effects on persistence of seaweeds communities.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.47-55
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• 2005

This paper describes the results for a numerical analysis of'single piles and pile oops in clayey soils subjected to monotonous lateral loading using the ABAQUS finite element software. The investigated variables in this study include free head and embedded capped single piles, pile diameter (1.0 m, 0.5 m), pile length (7.0 m, 10.0 m), and pile groups. The 1$\times$3 pile group was selected to investigate the individual pile and group lateral resistance, the distribution of the resistance among the piles, the effects of lateral stresses in front of and on the sides of the piles, and the effect of a cap on the lateral resistance of the leading pile. The soil was modeled using Cam-clay constitutive relationship and the pile was considered as a elastic circular concrete pile. The results show that the size of the cap influences lateral capacity of sin pile. The results also show in pile groups, the pile-soil-pile interaction and the cap effect the resistance in the leading pile, and the p-multiplier for the leading pile of greater than 1.0 was able to be obtained.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.343-352
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• 2012

Sulphur deficiency has become widespread over the past several decades in most of the agricultural area. Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is a very sensitive to S limitation which is becoming reduction of quality and productivity of forage. Few studies have assessed the sulphur mobilization in the source-sink relationship, very little is known about the regulatory mechanism in interaction between sulphur and nitrogen during the short-term sulphur deficiency. In this study, therefore, amount of sulphur and nitrogen incorporated into amino acids and proteins as affected by different S-supplied level (Control: 1 mM ${SO_4}^{2-}$, S-deficiency: 0.1 mM ${SO_4}^{2-}$, and S-deprivation: 0 mM ${SO_4}^{2-}$) were examined. The amount of sulphur in sulphate (S-sulphate) was significantly decreased by 25.8% in S-deprivation condition, compare to control, but not nitrogen in nitrate (N-nitrate). The markedly increase of sulphur and nitrogen incorporated amino acids (S-amino acids and N-amino acids) was observed in both S-deficiency and S-deprivation treatments. The amount of nitrogen incorporated proteins (N-protein) was strongly decreased as sulphur availability while the amount of sulphur incorporated into proteins (S-protein) was not affected. A highly significant ($p{\leq}0.001$) relationship between S-sulphate and S-amino acid was observed whereas the increase of N-amino acids is closely associated with decrease of N-proteins. These data indicate that increase of sulphur and nitrogen incorporated into amino acids was from different nitrogen and sulphur metabolites, respectively

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.643-650
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• 2000

Density-of-states effective mass(m*$_{d}$) and conductivity mass(m*$_{c}$)for Ge and Ge$_{0.8}$/Sn$_{0.2}$ are obtained by using 8$\times$8 k.p and strain Hamiltonians. It is shown that m*$_{d}$ and m*$_{c}$ for electrons in Ge/Ge$_{0.8}$/Sn$_{0.2}$(001) and Ge$_{0.8}$/Sn$_{0.2}$/Ge(001) are much smaller than those for electrons in relaxed Ge mainly due to the increase of interaction caused by the strain between the conduction band and valence bands at the $\Gamma$ point. The lift of degeneracy in Ge/Ge$_{0.8}$/Sn$_{0.2}$(001) and Ge/Ge$_{0.8}$/Sn$_{0.2}$(001) makes m*$_{d}$ and m*$_{c}$ for holes smaller than those in relaxed Ge and results in the decrease of the interband scattering as well as interband scattering. The decrease of the interband scattering is more obvious in Ge/Ge$_{0.8}$/Sn$_{0.2}$(001) because of its large splitting energy between the heavy hole and light hole band. Therefore, Ge/Ge$_{0.8}$/Sn$_{0.2}$(001) is expected to be good candidate for the development of ultra high-speed CMOS device.CMOS device.eed CMOS device.CMOS device.