• Title/Summary/Keyword: P-M 상관도

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Parametric Study on the P-M Interaction Diagram of Hollow Prestressed Concrete Bridge Columns (중공 프리스트레스트 콘크리트 교각의 P-M 상관도 매개변수 분석)

  • Kim, Tae-Hoon
    • Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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    • v.15 no.6
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2011
  • This study presents the results of parametric studies of the P-M interaction diagram of hollow prestressed concrete bridge columns. Among the numerous parameters, this study concentrates on concrete compressive strength, prestressing steel reinforcement ratio, effective prestress, the Ds/Do ratio, and the Di/Do ratio. The strength and ductility of hollow prestressed concrete bridge columns were evaluated through quasistatic tests. The P-M interaction diagrams from the codes were different from that of the results, which were in good agreement with AASHTO-LRFD. Nondimensionalized P-M interaction diagrams were developed to predict the design resistance of hollow prestressed concrete bridge columns.

On the Number of Distinct Autocorrelation Distributions of M-ary Sidel'nikov Sequences (M진 Sidel'nikov 수열의 서로 다른 자기 상관 분포의 개수)

  • Chung, Jung-Soo;Kim, Young-Sik;No, Jong-Seon;Chung, Ha-Bong
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.32 no.10C
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    • pp.929-934
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    • 2007
  • In this paper, we enumerate the number of distinct autocorrelation distributions that M-ary Sidel'nikov sequences can have, while we change the primitive element for generating the sequence. Let p be a prime and $M|p^n-1$. For M=2, there is a unique autocorrelation disuibution. If M>2 and $M|p^k+1$ for some k, $1{\leq}k, then the autocorrelatin distribution of M-ary Sidel'nikov sequences is unique. If M>2 and $M{\nmid}p^k+1$ for any k, $1{\leq}k, then the autocorrelation distribution of M-ary Sidel'nikov sequences is less than or equal to ${\phi}(M)/k'(or\;{\phi}(M)/2k')$, where k' is the smallest integer satisfying $M|p^{k'}-1$.

A Comparative Study of P-M Interaction Curve of the Circular Concrete Column according to Design for Standard (설계 기준에 따른 휨,압축 부재의 P-M상관도 비교)

  • Kim, Hee-Yong;Kim, Young-Jin;Kim, Woo
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 2010.05a
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    • pp.143-144
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    • 2010
  • As KCI under U.S.D is impossible to calculate all sections compared P-M Interaction Curve of the circular concrete column under EC2 of limit state design and KCI. Result of the construction, P-M Interaction Curve according to design for standard is about the same. If a covering depth rased, EC2 is better safety than KCI.

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Characteristics of Nutrients Distribution in Summer and Winter in the South Sea (여름과 겨울철 남해의 영양염 분포 특성)

  • Lee, Tong-Sup
    • The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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    • v.4 no.4
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    • pp.371-382
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    • 1999
  • This paper presents the results of recent nutrients measurement and analysis in relation to other environmental parameters such as temperature, salinity, AOU and pH in the South Sea, Korea. In summer, temperature showed stronger correlation with nutrients than salinity and also did the parameters related to biological activities such as pH and AOU. Implications of above results exemplify that primary producers in the vicinity of salt front actively consumed nutrients so that nutrients-salinity correlation is strongly modified in the salt front. Nutrient in winter showed significant correlation only with temperature. Nutrient distribution seems governed by the location of thermal front between vertically mixed cold water in northern area and warm waters flowing north. Due to weak biological activity in winter pH-nutrients correlation, which was strongest in summer ($R^2$ >0.6) dropped sharply in winter ($R^2$ <0.5). Depth integrated nitrate+nitrite, phosphate and silicate values are 321 $mmol{\cdot}m^{-2}$, 23 $mmol{\cdot}m^{-2}$, 637 $mmol{\cdot}m^{-2}$ in summer and 261 $mmol{\cdot}m^{-2}$, 31 $mmol{\cdot}m^{-2}$, 742 $mmol{\cdot}m^{-2}$ in winter, respectively. NIP values in summer exhibit phosphorus deficiency, however, winter situation is reversed for nitrogen. Nitrogen input via precipitation and riverine discharge in wet season seems potentially critical for maintaining the South Sea ecosystem.

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Evaluation of P-M Interaction Curve for Circular Concrete-Filled Tube (CFT) Column (원형 콘크리트 충전 강관(CFT) 기둥의 P-M 상관 곡선 평가)

  • Moon, Jiho;Park, Keum-Sung;Lee, Hak-Eun
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.355-365
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    • 2014
  • Concrete-filled tubes (CFTs) have been used in civil engineering practices as a column of buildings and a bridge pier. CFTs have several advantages over the conventional reinforced concrete columns, such as rapid construction, enhanced buckling resistance, and inherited confinement effect. However, CFT component have not been widely used in civil engineering practice, since the design provisions among codes significantly vary each other. It leads to conservative design of CFT component. In this study, the design provisions of AISC and EC4 for CFT component were examined, based on the extensive test results conducted by previous researchers and finite element analysis results obtained in this study. Especially, the focus was made on the validation of P-M interaction curves proposed by AISC and EC4. From the results, it was found that the current design codes considerably underestimated the strength of CFT component under general combined axial load and bending. Finally, the modified P-M interaction curve was proposed and successfully verified.

Cross-Correlation Distribution of a p-ary m-Sequence Family Constructed by Decimation (Decimation에 의해 생성된 p-진 m-시퀀스 군의 상호 상관 값의 분포)

  • Seo, Eun-Young;Kim, Young-Sik;No, Jong-Seon;Shin, Dong-Joon
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.33 no.9C
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    • pp.669-675
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    • 2008
  • For an odd prime p, n=4k and $d=((p^2k+1)/2)^2$, there are $(p^{2k}+1)/2$ distinct decimated sequences, s(dt+1), $0{\leq}l<(p^{2k}+1)/2$, of a p-ary m-sequence, s(t) of period $p^n-1$. In this paper, it is shown that the cross-correlation function between s(t) and s(dt+l) takes the values in $\{-1,-1{\pm}\sqrt{p^n},-1+2\sqrt{p^n}\}$ and their, cross-correlation distribution is also derived.

Analysis of anterior and posterior corneal spherical aberration with age in the korean (한국 성인의 연령에 따른 각막 전후면 구면수차에 관한 분석)

  • Song, Yun-Young;Jung, Mi-A;Kang, In-San;Choi, Ji-Young
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.315-320
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    • 2013
  • We have investigated the variation of spherical aberration of the anterior and posterior surface in a Korean sample population with various age between 20 to 71 years old. We used Pentacam (Oculus Inc., Germany) to measure the corneal radius, asphericity, and spherical aberration of 290 patients with normal cornea. There were negative correlation between corneal anterior radius and spherical aberration(r = -0.22, p<0.0001), and, there were negative correlation between corneal posterior radius and spherical aberration(r=-0.27, p < 0.0001). There were positive correlation between anterior asphericity and spherical aberration(r = 0.24, p < 0.0001), however there were negative correlation between posterior asphericity and spherical aberration(r = -0.17, p=0.00288).The average of anterior spherical aberration and posterior spherical aberration was $0.482{\pm}0.099{\mu}m$ and $-0.098{\pm}0.029{\mu}m$. The average of spherical aberration was $0.385{\pm}0.097{\mu}m$. There were significant positive correlations between anterior spherical aberration and age(r = 0.227, p<0.0001), and there were positive correlations between posterior aberration and age(r = 0.349, p<0.0001). It is considered that this data can be used as basic information for furture studies for improving the quality of vision of modern human and, through the analysis of the spherical aberration of cornea was to provide a better understanding of the optical part of the Korean's eye.

Analysis of Cross-Correlation of m-sequences and Equation on Finite Fields (유한체상의 방정식과 m-수열의 상호상관관계 분석)

  • Choi, Un-Sook;Cho, Sung-Jin
    • The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.821-826
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    • 2012
  • p-ary sequences of period $N=2^k-1$ are widely used in many areas of engineering and sciences. Some well-known applications include coding theory, code-division multiple-access (CDMA) communications, and stream cipher systems. The analysis of cross-correlations of these sequences is a very important problem in p-ary sequences research. In this paper, we analyze cross-correlations of p-ary sequences which is associated with the equation $(x+1)^d=x^d+1$ over finite fields.

Textural Properties of Gelatinized Model Food system (젤라틴화 된 모형식품의 조직특성)

  • Chang, Kyu-Seob;Lee, Seong-Ku;Chang, Dong-Il;Yun, Han-Kyo
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.310-316
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    • 1988
  • The gelatinized model food system were prepared by combining moisture, starch and protein, and the textural properties of their gels of different temperatures and times of heating were investigated by the use of Instron Universal Testing Machine. The hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness of model foods had a high correlation with solid content and the regression equations between the hardness of model foods and moisture content heated for 20min. at $80{\circ}C$ were as follows; $H(PS_4)=18.6405-3.8201M+0.1959M^2,\;H(P_1S_1)=244.7933-5.692M+0.0332M^2,\;H(P_4S)=693.0292-16.6884M+0.1005M^2$, The correlation coefficients were $0.996^{**},\;0.998^{**}\;and\;0.998^{**}$, respectively. Total correlations between textural parameters and temperature and heating times were different according to model foods. The correlation between textural parameters was proportional to protein foods, but the hardness and cohesiveness of starch foods showed the relationship of inverse proportion. Under low solid content, the parameters of model foods appeared to decrease as protein content increased. Under high solid content, the parameters of protein foods were higher than those of starch foods above some level of protein content. The regression equation between the hardness and protein content heated for 20min. at $80^{\circ}C$ was as follows; Hardness(20%)=5.6858-13.5670P+$9.7758P^2$ and the correlation coefficient was $0.95^{**}$.

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An Analytical Study on the Ultimate Strength of Concrete Poles (콘크리트 전주의 극한강도에 관한 해석적 연구)

  • Shin, Dong-Geun;Yoon, Ki-Yong;Lee, Seung-Hyun;Yi, Gyu-Sei;Kang, Young-Jong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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    • v.7 no.5
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    • pp.19-25
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    • 2007
  • In this study, a program based on the P-M interaction curve is developed to calculate the nominal strength of concrete pole. Using this, it is verified to compare with previous studies and the nominal strength$(M_n)$ of concrete pole is calculated. It is less than the rupture strength$(M_r)$ of the design standard. Thus, to increase nominal strength, several parameters are selected like as size of tension and reinforced bars, position of those, number of reinforcement bars, thickness of concrete pole, and diameter of it. The effects of those are analysed in the study. It is supposed that section of concrete pole are satisfied rupture strength.