• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.410-415
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• 2005

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics of three sets of traditional control methods (proportional, integral, and proportional - integral controls) through lab-scale biological reactor experiments. An increase in proportional gain ($K_c$) resulted in reduced dissolved oxygen (DO) offset under proportional control. An increase in integral time ($T_i$) resulted in a slower response in DO concentration with less oscillation, but took longer to get to the set point. P-I control showed more stable and efficient control of DO and airflow rates compared to either proportional control or integral control. Developed P-I control system was successfully applied to lab-scale Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) for treating industrial wastewater with high organic strength.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07b
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• pp.997-999
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• 2000

BLDC Motor has many advantages for control. This paper presents to perform constant speed against disturbance during operation. BLDC motor control used I-P algorithm to have fast response, reliable stability and robust response. In this paper I-P algorithm applied to 50W BLDC Motor According to results, I-P algorithm characteristics is confirmed.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.348-355
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• 2012

In the present study, we investigated the overexpression and characterization of bovine pancreatic (bp)- DNase I in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris. The bp-DNase I gene was fused in frame with the GAL10 promoter, $MF{\alpha}$, and GAL7 terminator sequences, resulting in the plasmid, pGAL-$MF{\alpha}$-DNaseI (6.4 kb). Also, the bp-DNase I gene was fused in frame with the AOX1 promoter, $MF{\alpha}$, and AOX1 terminator sequences, resulting in the plasmid, pPEXI (8.8 kb). The recombinant plasmids, pGAL-$MF{\alpha}$-DNaseI and pPEXI were introduced into S. cerevisiae and P. pastoris host cells, respectively. When the transformed yeast cells were cultured at $30^{\circ}C$ for 48 h in galactose or methanol medium, bp-DNase I was overexpressed and the most of activity was found in the extracellular fraction. P. pastoris transformant activity showed 45.5 unit/mL in the culture medium at 48 h cultivation, whereas S. cerevisiae transformant revealed 37.7 unit/mL in the extracellular fraction at 48 h cultivation. The enzymatic characteristics, such as DNA cleavage and half life were investigated. Treatment of the recombinant DNase I from P. pastoris induced degradation of the calf thymus DNA within 1 minute, and this DNA degradation rate was higher than that of commercial bp-DNase I (SIGMA) and the recombinant DNase I from S. cerevisiae.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.241-260
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• 1997

Effect of Jeongkicheonhyangtang and Kamijeongkicheonhyangtang have been experimentally studied. The results have been obtained as follows : 1. It is proved that analgecic effect on sample I group and sample II group are clearly decreased than control group. Thus, the statistically significant decrease is p<0.005. 2. It is proved that anti-inflammatory effect on sample I group and sample II group are decreased compare to control group. Thus, the statistically significant decrease of sample I group is p<0.05 in 30 and 60-minute, p<0.01 in 90-minute, and p<0.005 in 120 and 180-minute. And those of sample ll group is p<0.05 in 30 and 60-minute and p<0.005 in 90, 120 and 180-minute. 3. It is proved that appearance of gastric ulcer is decreased compare to the control group and the statistically significant decrease is p<0.05. 4. It is proved that plasma epinephrine contents of sample I and II group are clearly decreased compare to the Control Group and the statistically significant decrease is p<0.005. 5. It is proved that plasma norepinephrine contents of sample I group is drastically decreased compare to the control group and the statistically significant decrease is p<0.005. 6. It is proved that plasma dopamine contents of sample I and II group are decreased than the contort group and statistically significant decrease of the sample I group is p<0.005, and those of the sample II group is p<0.05. As the above mentioned results of experiment, It is belived that Jeongklcheonhyang and Kamijeongkicheonhyang have effect for stress.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.493-501
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• 1998

The most significant direct role of estrogen in vivo is its ability to elicit receptor-mediated cellular proliferation in mammalian target tissues. However, the mechanism by which exogenously added estrogen causes the neoplastic transformation of renal cortical cells is yet to be uncovered. The present study was designed to evaluate interaction of $17{\beta}-estradiol\;(E_2)$ with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on proliferation and $P_i$ uptake in primary cultured rabbit renal proximal tubular cells in phenol red-free, hormonally defined-medium. $[^3H]-thymidine$ incorporation increased markedly by about 133% and 141% more in the presence of $10^{-9}\;and\;10^{-6}\;M\;E_2$, respectively, than that of control. Cell count was 162% and 143% greater in the presence of $10^{-9}\;and\;10^{-6}\;M\;E_2$ , respectively, compared with control. Among all time points examined, there was an increase in $[^3H]-thymidine$ incorporation in the presence of $10^{-9}\;M\;E_2$ at day 9 or 13, respectively. However, $E_2$ ($10^{-9}\;M$) significantly drove up cell count to 160% of that of control at day 13, while it had a slight but statistically insignificant effect at day 9. $E_2-induced$ stimulation of $[^3H]-thymidine$ incorporation was completely reversed by $E_2$ antagonists (progesterone or tamoxifen). $E_2$ ($10^{-9}\;M$) or EGF ($10^{-8}\;M$) significantly stimulated $[^3H]-thymidine$ incorporation by 144% and 154% of control. $E_2$ plus EGF was synergistic on $[^3H]-thymidine$ incorporation (204% of control), while $E_2$ plus IGF-I showed a slight but no significant synergistic effect. Cell number also displayed similar pattern. $E_2$ ($10^{-9}\;M$) significantly stimulated $P_i$ uptake to 134% of control. $E_2$-induced stimulation of $P_i$ uptake was partially reversed by $E_2$ antagonists. EGF or IGF-I ($10^{-8}\;M$) significantly also increased $P_i$ uptake to 132% or 129% of control. $E_2$ plus EGF had synergistic effect on $P_i$ uptake, while $E_2$ plus IGF-I did not. In conclusion, $E_2$ may act not only directly interaction with its receptors but also indirectly as a modulator of EGF in proliferation and $P_i$ uptake of primary cultured rabbit renal proximal tubular cells.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1996.10b
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• pp.164-167
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• 1996

This paper presents an off-line P.I.D parameter estimation method during normal operation in power plant. The process parameters are estimated using the recursive least square method. The controller parameters are estimated on the basis of desired characteristics of the dynamic model of the closed-loop control.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.369-378
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• 2011

The effect of a homolactic inoculant containing a blend of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici and Enterococcus faecium or, the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), alone or in combination on fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability and in situ DM, OM and NDF degradability of barley silage was investigated. Barley (Hordeum vulgare, L.) was harvested (45% DM), chopped and treated with water at 24 ml/kg forage (Control), inoculant at $1.09{\times}10^5$ cfu/g forage (I), SDS at 0.125% (wt/wt) of forage (S) or with the inoculant ($1.09{\times}10^5$ cfu/g) plus SDS (0.125% wt/wt; I+S). The treated forages were ensiled in triplicate mini silos and opened for chemical and microbiological analyses on d 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 42 and 77. Silage samples from d 77 were opened and aerobically exposed for 7 d. The in situ rumen degradability characteristics of silage DM, OM and NDF were also determined. The terminal concentration of NDF in S and I+S was lower (p<0.001) than in other treatments. Lactate concentration was higher (p<0.001) and the rate and extent of pH decline were greater (p<0.001) in I and I+S than S and Control silages. A homolactic pathway of fermentation in I and I+S was evidenced by reduced (p<0.001) water-soluble carbohydrates concentration, higher lactate (p<0.01), lower acetate (p<0.01) and lower pH values (p<0.001) than in S and Control silages. All silages remained stable over 7 d of exposure to air as indicated by lower temperatures and moulds, and by non-detectable yeast populations. The treated silages had lower DM and OM degradability than in the Control but NDF degradation characteristics of I+S were improved compared to other treatments. It is concluded that the inoculant alone improved the fermentation characteristics whereas the combination of the inoculant with SDS improved both fermentation and NDF degradability of barley silage.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.308-318
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• 1997

The present experiment was performed in order to know the treatment effect of aquapuncture with hepatonics on recovery in artificially induced hepatic damaged dogs by carbon tetrachloride. The animals were divided into a control and two experimental groups (aquapuncture with taurine into Gan-su acupoint: Aa-I group and aquapuncture with taurine into blank acupoint in the thigh: Aa-II group). The changes of serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST and ALP), serum total protein contents, protein fractions and pathohistological findings of the liver were examined after application of aquapunctiuf treauent The results obtained through this experiment were summarized as follows : The serum ALT activities tendeded to decrease in experimental group compared with those of control group. Significances were detected at 5th (p<0.05) and 7th (p<0.05) day in Aa-I group and 7th day (p<0.05) in Aa-II group, respectively. Low value was fecund in Aa-I group compared with Aa-II groups but significance was not observed between two experimental groups. The serum AST activities in experimental group showed decreasing tendency compared with those of control group. Significances were observed at 2nd (p<0.05) and 5th (p<0.05) day in Aa-I group and 2nd (p<0.05) day in Aa-II groups respectively. Aa-I group showed lower values than those of Aa-II groups however, no significance was detected between experimental groups. The serum ALP activities of experimental group showed a slight decrease compared with those of control group, however, significance was not detected among all groups. The serum total protein content in experimental group showed tendency of increase compared with control group. Significance was found at 2nd day (p<0.05) in Aa-I group, but there was no significance in Aa-II group. Further significant increase of total protein content was seen at 1st day (p<0.05) in Aa-I group compared with Aa-II group. The change of serum albumin content in experimental group showed tendency of increase compared with control. Significant increases were detected at 1st (p<0.01) and 2nd (p<0.01) day in Aa-I group, respectively. Aa-II group showed increase compared with control groups but significance was not observed. Further significant increase was at 1st day (p <0.05) in Aa-I group compared with Aa-II group. The change of ${\beta} $-globulin in Aa-I group was slightly decreased compared with control group. Aa-II group was similar to controls but significance was not observed among all groups. The change of P-globulin content in Aa-I group showed tendency of increase compared with control and Aa-II group showed the tendency of decrease compared with control. The change of ${\gamma}$-globulin content experimental group showed tendency of increase compared with control, however, significance was not detected among groups. The change of A/G ratio in Aa-I group showed tendency of increase compared with control group and Aa-II group was similar to controls but no significance was found among groups. As for pathohistological observations the grade of hepatocellular vacuolized degeneration and necrosis in Aa-I group was milder than those of control and Aa-II groups and the change of Aa-II group was similar to that of control. Considering above finding collectively, it was thought that aquapuncture of Gan-su acupoint with hepatonics was more effective than aquapuncture of blank acupoint for the recovery of hepatic damage.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.195-208
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• 2004

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Aconiti Tuber on the plasma IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ level in mice stimulated by intracerebroventricular(I.C.V.) Injection of Lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Method: 6 mice were assigned to each of the normal group, the control group, and the experimental group. In the normal group only saline was administered intragastrically, and in the control group LPS was injected intracerebro-ventricularly 1 hr after intragastric administration of saline. In the experimental groups (Aconiti Tuber 0.5g/kg, Aconiti Tuber 1.0g/kg, Aconiti Tuber 3.0g/kg) each sample was administered intragastrically to mice 1 hr prior to the stimulation by LPS I.C.V. Injection. To measure the plasma IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ level of mice, their blood samples were collected from retro-orbital plexus, immediately centrifuged at $4^{\circ}C$, and plasma was removed and stored frozen at $-83^{\circ}C$ for later determination of plasma IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$. Result : 1. LPS I.C.V. Injection increased plasma IL-6 level significantly in a dose-dependent manner compared with normal group(P<0.01). The plasma IL-6 concentration reached a significant maximal level about 1 hr after LPS I.C.V. Injection(P<0.001). LPS I.C.V. Injection increased plasma $TNF-{\alpha}$ level significantly in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05). The plasma $TNF-{\alpha}$ concentration reached a significant maximal level about 1 hr after LPS I.C.V. Injection(P<0.001). 2. Sample A group to which Aconiti Tuber(0.5g/kg) was administered intragastrically 1 hr prior to the stimulation by LPS I.C.V. Injection showed insignificant lower plasma IL-6 level in 1 hr than control group(P<0.0635), and sample B group (Aconiti Tuber 1.0g/kg) showed significant lower plasma IL-6 level in 1 hr than control group(P〈0.05), and sample C group (Aconiti Tuber 3.0g/kg) showed significant lower IL-6 plasma level in 1 hr than control group(P<0.01). 3. sample A group to which Aconiti Tuber(0.5g/kg) was administered intragastrically 1 hr prior to the stimulation by LPS I.C.V. Injection showed insignificant lower plasma $TNF-{\alpha}$ level in 1 hr than control group(P>0.05), and Both sample B(1.0g/kg) and sample C(3.0g/kg) groups showed significant lower $TNF-{\alpha}$ plasma level in 1 hr than control group(P<0.01). These data revealed that Aconiti Tuber might have the anti inflammatory effect by reducing the plasma IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ level in a dose dependent manner in mice LPS I.C.V. Injection.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.11-25
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• 2002

Objectives: This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Yijin-tang and GamiYijin-tang on the gastrointestinal functions of rats Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were used as experimental animals, and were administered Yijin-tang (Sample I group, 47.5 mg/ml) and GamiYijin-tang(Sample II group, 38.37 mg/ml, Sample ill group, 85.3 mg/ml) water extract once a day. Changes of gastric juice volume and intestinal mobility index were measured. The effects on colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium in the rats were also observed. Results: 1. Gastric juice volume was decreased significantly in the sample I group (P<0.05) compared to the control group; there was not significant effect in the sample II and sample III groups. 2. The moving distance of carbon bolus was increased significantly in the sample n (p<0.05) and sample II (p<0.05) groups compared to the control group; there was not significant effect in the sample I group. 3. The intestinal mobility index was increased significantly only in the sample II group (P<0.05) compared to the control group. 4. The feces consistency was increased significantly on the 3rd and 5th day of the sample I group (P<0.05), on 3rd, 4th, and 5th day of the sample II (p<0.05) and the sample III (p<0.05) groups compared to the control group. 5. The feces property index was increased significantly only on the 5th day of the sample III group (p<0.05) compared to the control group. 6. The number of WBC and RBC, levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit were not changed in all sample groups compared to the control group. 7. The number of the type B Goblet cells were increased significantly in the sample II (p<0.05) and the sample III (P<0.05) groups, but the number of the type C Goblet cells were decreased significantly only in the sample ill group (P<0.05) compared to the control group. Conclusions: According to the above results, GamiYijin-tang compared to the Yijin-tang were decreased hight significantly in gastrointestinal mucose and histological antidiarrheal function with protection of the goblet cell more excellently were observed.