• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.507-514
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• 1996

The automated ECG diagnostic systems in hospital have a low P-wave detection capacity in case of some diseases like conduction block. The purpose of this study is to improve the P-wave detection ca- pacity using wavelet transform. The first procedure is to remove baseline drift by subtracting the median filtered signal from the original signal. The second procedure is to cancel ECG's QRS-T complex from median filtered signal to get P-wave candidate. Before we subtracted the templete from QRS-T complex, we estimated the best matching between templete and QRS-T complex to minimize the error. Then, wavelet transform was applied to confirm P-wave. In particular, haiti wavelet was used to magnify P-wave that consisted of low frequency components and to reject high frequency noise of QRS-T complex cancelled signal. Finally, p-wave was discriminated and confirmed by threshold value. By using this method, We can got the around 95.1% P-wave detection. It was compared with contextual information.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.33-48
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• 2012

Objectives : This study aimed to assess the effects of incense smokes of 'Cheung-Woon' on the concentration and EEG in healthy individuals. Methods : A total of 48 healthy volunteers participated in this study. The volunteers were examined with K-MAS, CBT(Corsi block tapping task), and EEG before and after smelling the incense smokes of 'Cheung-Woon'. K-MAS measured the recalled words, and CBT measured the recalled positions and orders of the color boxes. EEG measured the relative power of ${\theta}$ wave, ${\alpha}$ wave, SMR wave, mid-${\beta}$ wave, high-${\beta}$ wave, ${\gamma}$ wave and T(concentraion index T = (SMR wave + mid-${\beta}$ wave) / ${\theta}$ wave). 'Cheung-Woon' consists of 7 herbal powder, known as a useful effect on the concentration and memory. Results : After smelling 'Cheung-Woon', K-MAS were increased significantly(p<0.05). In relative power of ${\theta}$ wave, F4, T3, and P4 were decreased significantly(p<0.05) and P3 was also decreased significantly(p<0.01). In the relative power of ${\alpha}$ wave, SMR wave, and mid-${\beta}$ wave, the values were not significant. In the relative power of high-${\beta}$ wave, Fp1, and P4 were increased significantly(p<0.05). In relative power of ${\gamma}$ wave, T3 were increased significantly (p<0.05). In T value, F4, T3, T4, and P4 were increased significantly(p<0.05) and P3 were also increased significantly(p<0.01). Conclusions : This results show that smelling incense smokes of 'Cheung-Woon' is an effective way of increasing concentration and memory.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.214-223
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 WAVE/DSRC 표준에 근거하여 IEEE802.11p에 적합한 고속 무선 이동채널에 대한 채널 모델을 분석하고 이를 시뮬레이션 하였다. IEEE802.11p 표준화 그룹에서는 차량간 채널 및 차량과 노변간 채널을 측정하여, WAVE/DSRC 시스템에 적합한 6가지 측정기반 채널 모델을 제시하였다. 이는 실제 무선 환경을 측정하여 수치적인 모델을 제시했다는 데에 의미가 있으나, 측정결과에 따른 수치 모델만을 제안하였을 뿐, 컴퓨터 기반의 모의실험에 필요한 채널 시뮬레이터는 제공하지 않고 있어, 관련 연구에서 WAVE 규격의 성능 평가 및 검증에 활용할 수 없다. 본 논문에서는 WAVE 채널 시뮬레이션 기법을 제시하고, 소프트웨어 기반 WAVE 채널 모델을 구현하였다. 또한 이에 대한 PSD, LCR, AFD 시뮬레이션을 통해 IEEE802.11p 기반의 차량용 통신 시스템의 성능을 평가하는데 활용할 수 있는 채널 모델에 대한 분석 결과를 제시하였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1989년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.15-18
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• 1989

This paper presents a new algorithm for P-wave detection in the ECG signal. We detect the peak and valley point using significant point extraction algorithm with 9-point derivative. Because P-wave duration is changed according to heart-rates, we search for the R-peak and calculate the R-R interval time prior to the determination of P-wave duration threshold values in order to actively adapt to the change of P duration. We determine the parameters for P-wave detection and then P-peak, P-onset and P-offset are detected by these parameters. The results obtained from the proposed algorithm have detected successively P-wave almost more than 90%.

• 복식
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.124-133
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• 2006

Human hair could be damaged by various physicochemical conditions and treatment. Permanent and decoloring treatment were the most serious factor on hair damage. The new permanent wave lotion containing Permeation enhancers such as Cremophor EL, Transcutol and propylene glycol based on cysteine permanent wave lotion were prepared. Efficiency of permanent wave and hair damage following pH of permanent wave lotion and addition of permeation enhancer were investigated. PH of solution, wave efficiency, loss of protein from hair, morphology of hair by SEM and solubility of alkaline solution were evaluated. The addition of Cremophor EL and Transcutol with ethanol increased permanent wave efficacy and decreased hair damage effectively. They diminished permanent wave lotion's pH and augmented permanent wave lotion's penetration compare to cysteine permanent wave lotion. new permanent wave lotion containing permeation enhancers such as Cremophor EL could be a good candidate for a new permanent wave lotion.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2009

터널의 시공은 항상 주변 암반의 손상을 초래한다. 발생하는 손상의 정도는 주변암반의 역학적 및 수리학적 거동에 영향을 미친다. 본 논문에서는 크로스홀 시험을 통하여 P 파 속도를 측정하여 터널주변 암반의 손상을 계측하였다. 발진공에서의 탄성파 신호발생을 위하여 기계적인 충격을 가하였으며 그 결과로 발생된 P파 신호는 잡음이 적으며 파의 초동 도달시간 판별이 용이하였다. 실험결과 암반의 손상이 예상되는 구간에서 P 파의 속도가 낮게 검측 되었다. 크로스홀 공 내 다중의 지점에서 P 파 계측을 수행하여 이차원 P 파 토모그래피를 생성하였는데, 생성된 토모그래피는 터널 배면의 암반 손상이 발생한 구간에 대한 가시적인 결과를 나타내었다. 측정된 P파의 속도로부터 간극율 또는 Q 값과의 상관관계를 통해 암반 특성의 정량적인 손상 평가가 가능하였다.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권31호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2010

This study were performed thermal shock test for four kind of different rocks (Iksan granite, Namsan granite, Jeongseon marble, Yeongyang sandstone), and according to heating temperature($400^{\circ}C$, $600^{\circ}C$) on samples were investigated physical properties such as specify gravity, porosity, p-wave velocity. As a result, the tendency was appeared that porosity increased, and specific gravity and p-wave velocity decreased at a more higher temperature. But, the situation of change appeared characteristic according to temperature and rock types. In the case of Yeongyang sandstone, it appeared in especially porosity increasing at $400^{\circ}C$. The specific gravity was little change in the all the rock at $400^{\circ}C$ but the decreased at $600^{\circ}C$. Therefore the specific gravity in the temperature range is due to the relatively small impact on the change is expected. Porosity of the granite at $400^{\circ}C$ changes little. but marble in the rate of change is large. Conversely, the sandstone porosity decreased. At $600^{\circ}C$ increased porosity in all of rocks. particularly sandstone the smallest increase in porosity. Experiments showed that p-wave velocity measured through dry rocks was sensitive to quantify the thermal damage. The p-wave velocity of all rocks decreased with increasing temperature. In the relation between porosity and p-wave velocity, p-wave velocity decreased with increasing porosity. On the other hand, in case of Yeongyang sandstone p-wave velocity decreased with decreasing porosity. thus, development of microcracks more affects p-wave velocity than porosity. In this study, damage intensity was well explained with porosity and p-wave velocity values depending on temperature increase.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2021

Cardiac arrhythmias are common heart diseases and generally cause sudden cardiac death. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is an effective tool that can reveal the electrical activity of the heart and diagnose cardiac arrhythmias. We propose detection of P waves based on QRST cancellation zero-one substitution. After preprocessing, the QRST segment is determined by detecting the Q wave start point and T wave end point separately. The Q wave start point is detected by digital analyses of the QRS complex width, and the T wave end point is detected by computation of an indicator related to the area covered by the T wave curve. Then, we determine whether the sampled value of the signal is in the interval of the QRST segment and substitute zero or one for the value to cancel the QRST segment. Finally, the maximum amplitude is selected as the peak of the P wave in each RR interval of the residual signal. The average detection rate for the QT database was 97.67%.

• 지질공학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.215-227
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• 2001

충북 보은 일대에 분포하는 옥천계 지층 및 중생대 화강암을 대상으로 기반암의 지진파 속도 및 시편으로부터 3차원적인 지진파의 전달속도를 측정하고, 이의 결과 자료를 비교분석 하였다. 야외에서 측정된 P파의 평균속도는 불국사화강암이 2697m/s로서 최대이고 구룡산층2에서 861m/s로 최소의 속도를 보인다. 각 방위에 따른 P파의 이방성을 암종별로 비교하면 불굴사화강암에서 최대치(81%)를 장리층에서 최소치(46%)를 보이고, 8곳의 평균 이방성지수는 68.5%이다. 시료에서 측정된 P파의 평균속도를 비교하여 보면 구룡산층1, 구룡산층2,창리층 및 문주리층2에서 5000m/s이상이며, S파의 경우도 동일한 시료에서 3500m/s 이상의 높은 속도가 측정되었는데 이는 야외의 경우보다 3∼5배의 빠른 속도를 나타낸다. 또한 P파의 이방성지수는 불국사화강암과 구룡산1에서 60% 이상의 높은 수치를 보이나 다른 시료에서는 30%이하의 낮은 수치를 보인다. 이 수치는 야외에서 측정된 P파의 평균이방성지수 68.5%보다 현저히 낮은 수치로서 야외에서 측정된 P파의 방향에 따른 속도 차이가 시료의 경우보다 현저히 높았음을 뜻한다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.35-37
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• 2005

In this study, a P- and T-wave detection algorithm in ECG, obtained by minimized filtering to prevent waveform distortion, has been realized. The algorithm uses two slope tracing waves, the descending slope tracing wave and the ascending slope tracing wave, developed for efficient determination of slope inverting points and sudden slope changing points. The algorithm generates the slope tracing waves which trace the original ECG wave, and subtracts one tracing wave from the other to detect P- and T-waves. The algorithm has been applied to MIT/BIH database in order to verify its efficacy and validity in practical applications.