The nutrient intake and association between dish group intake and blood glucose and serum lipid level (TG, cholesterol, LDL and HDL) was analyzed among 3 groups: 452 subjects in normal blood glucose group (NG: fasting blood glucose < 100 mg/dL and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose < 140 mg/dL), 258 subjects in impaired fasting glucose group (IFG: fasting blood glucose 100~125 mg/dL and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose ${\geq}$ 140 mg/dL) and 101 subjects in diabetic group (DG: fasting blood glucose $\geq$ 126 mg/dL and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose ${\geq}$ 140 mg/dL). The data were obtained from the 2005 National Health and Nutrition Survey of Korea. The 811 subjects were adults aged 40~64 without dietary treatment. In nutrients intake, IFG was the highest and DG the lowest in both quantity and quality. DG, especially, had the lowest intake in carbohydrates, fiber, proteins, Ca, P, K, vitamins B1 and C, and consumed the highest amount of alcohol. In macronutrients distribution ratio, the DG diet showed a lower energy intake from carbohydrates but higher from fat than the NG diet, while IFG showed a higher energy intake from carbohydrates and lower intake from fat in supper out of 3 meals and snacks. IFG preferred salt-fermented foods and DG preferred soups, braised foods and kimchi compared to other groups. NG preferred multi-grain cooked rice and both IFG and DG preferred plain white cooked rice. Regarding the association between dish group intake and blood glucose, cooked rice, soups, salt-fermented foods and kimchi were significantly related to blood glucose. In blood lipids, steamed-foods, beverages and fruits were inversely related to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, whereas cooked rice, stews, saltfer-mented foods, seasoned-fermented foods and seasoned vegetables were directly proportional to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and related diseases. Therefore, it is beneficial to avoid rich, salty and fatty foods and heavy alcohol consumption for controlling blood glucose and blood lipids, while steamed foods, foods rich in fiber (like multigrain rice) as a staple, and fruits and teas are recommended for preventing or managing type 2 diabetes risks.
We have studied the rheological and electrical properties of two types of electrorheological (ER) fluids based on semi-conductive polymers (poly(p-phenylene) and polyaniline). These semi-conductive polymer-based suspensions showed a dramatic increase in viscosity on the application of the static electric field due to the large value of conductivity ratio between particle and medium. The dynamic yield stresses of these ER suspensions exhibited a quadratic dependence on electric field strength at low electric fields and a linear one for high fields. They showed a maximum and then decreased with increasing bulk conductivity of particles. These yield stress behaviors under the static electric field were found to be closely related to the dielectric properties, which is in accord with Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarization induced by the conductivity effects. In order to achieve better understanding of interfacial polarization effect on ER response and to improve the stability of ER suspension, different kinds of surfactants were employed for controlling the ER activity as well as for enhancing the colloidal stability of suspensions.
Molecular structure, physicochemical properties, and in vitro digestibility of starch from Korean rice cultivars for special uses (Baegjinju 1, Hanareum, Deuraechan, and Goami 4) were investigated. The starch from Baegjinju 1 had the lowest amylose content (9.7%) and Hanareum, Deuraechan, and Goami 4 had intermediate amylose (20-25%) contents. Baegjinju 1 had a lower proportion of short amylopectin branch chains than the other rice starches. Hanareum had the lowest relative crystallinity and the highest intensity ratio of $1047cm^{-1}/1022cm^{-1}$ among the rice starches. The starch from Goami 4 had a higher pasting temperature and lower gelatinization enthalpy than the other rice starches. Peak viscosity of rice starch from Baegjinju 1 was substantially higher than peak viscosity of other rice starches. Rice starch from Baegjinju 1 had significantly higher rapidly digestible starch content and lower resistant starch content than other rice starches, whereas there was no significant difference in resistant starch content among the rice starches.
The relationship between water deficit stress and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) activity was determined in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) leaves under water stress condition imposed by with-holding water for 72 hrs. Relative water content determined in water deficit stressed lettuce leaves gradually reduced from 91.29% to 74.58%, and water content of medium drastically decreased 4.73% after quitting of irrigation. Hydrogen peroxide content in leaves subjected to water deficit stress rapidly increased, but soluble protein content rapidly decreased when those were compared to control plant. The relationship between relative water content and hydrogen peroxide content in stressed leaves positively correlated with $R^2$=0.8851, but soluble protein content reversely correlated with $R^2$=0.9826. Total chlorophyll content in stressed plant leaves was higher than that of control plant, and increased rapidly in early stage of treatment of both stressed and control plants. Carotenoid content was higher than that of control plant, and the ratio of carotenoid to total chlorophyll in stressed plant was higher as compared to control plant. As water deficit stress continued progressively, total ascorbate content in stressed plant leaves was a little higher than that of control plant. But dehydroascorbate (DHA) content within 6 hr of water deficit stress was higher than that of control plant, and then, content of control plant in 12 hr of stress treatment higher than that of stressed leaves. The activity of monodehydroascorbate reductase of cytosolic and chloroplastic tractions increased dramatically, and mRNA of MDHAR was highly detected by probing $^{32}P$-labeled single stranded MDHAR RNA of lettuce plant leaves subjected to water deficit stress. Relationship between MDHAR activity and relative water content and hydrogen peroxide highly correlated with $R^2$=0.9937 and 0.8645, respectively.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change of soft tissue profile on lower face following retraction of incisors through orthodontic treatment. 31 Korean women with bialveolar protrusion who were treated with 4 first bicuspid extraction were selected. All of samples were treated from above 17 years of age. Lateral cephalometric head films taken before and after treatment were analyzed statistically. The results were obtained as follows. $\cdot$The ratio of upper incisor retraction to upper lip retraction and lower incisor retraction to lower lip retraction were 1.54:1 (r=0.746) and 0.92:1 (r=0.584) respectively $\cdot$It appeared during orthodontic treatment that UIS-LS was increased considerably and the others in soft tissue thickness measurements were slightly decresed. $\cdot$Analysis of correlation showed that the change of the upper lip (LS) with the change of maxillary central incisor (UIS) and the change of lower lip with the change of B point were most strongly correlated. $\cdot$The multiple regression equations were obtained to predict soft tissue profile change of lower face according to retraction of incisors.
Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
/
2017.06a
/
pp.196-196
/
2017
Oilseed crop Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) is a suitable for biodiesel production that has high adaptability under low-nutrient condition like marginal land and requires low-input cost for cultivation. Enhanced abiotic stress tolerance of Camelina is very important for oil production under the wide range of different climate. CsRCI2s (Rare Cold Inducible 2) are related proteins in various abiotic stresses that predicted to localized at plasma membrane (PM) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These proteins are consist of eight-family that can be divided into tail (CsRCI2D/E/F/G) and no-tail (CsRCI2A/B/E/H) type of C-terminal. However, it is still less understood the function of C-terminal tail. In this study, CsRCI2D/H genes were cloned through gateway cloning system that used pCB302-3 as destination vector. And we used agrobacterium-mediated transformation system for generation of overexpression (OX) transformants. Overexpression of target gene was confirmed using RT-PCR and segregation ratio on selection media. We analyzed physiological response in media and soil under abiotic stresses using CsRCI2D and CsRCI2H overexpression plant. To compare abiotic stresses tolerance, wild type and CsRCI2D/H OX line seeds were sown on agar plate treated with various NaCl and mannitol concentration for 7 days. In the test of growth rate under abiotic stress on media, CsRCI2H OX line showed similar to NaCl and mannitol stress. In the other hand, CsRCI2D OX line showed to be improved stress tolerance that especially increased in 200mM NaCl but was similar on mannitol media. In greenhouse, WT and CsRCI2D/H OX lines for physiological analysis and productivity under abiotic stresses were treated 100, 150, 200mM NaCl. Then it was measured various parameters such as leaf width and length, plant height, total seed weight, flower number, seed number. CsRCI2H OX line in greenhouse did not show any changes in physiological parameters but CsRCI2D OX line was improved both physiological response and productivity under NaCl stress. Among physiological parameters of CsRCI2D OX line under NaCl stress, leaf length and width were observed shorter than WT but it were slightly longer than WT in 200mM NaCl stress. Furthermore, total seed weight of CsRCI2D OX line under stress displayed to decrease than WT in normal condition, but it was gradually raised with increasing NaCl stress then more than WT relatively. These results suggested CsRCI2D might be contribute to improve abiotic stress tolerance. However, function of CsRCI2H is need to more detail study. In conclusion, overexpression of CsRCI2s family can generate various environmental stress tolerance plant and may improve crop productivity for bio-energy production.
Kim, Young-Hoh;Lee, Young-Taek;Kim, Sung-Han;Kim, Chung-Ryul;Kim, Jong-Yeol;Shin, Chang-Ho;Lee, Keun-Hoi
Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
/
v.20
no.1
/
pp.131-138
/
1998
In order to minimize the trial frequency in the new filter cigarette design, we studied the relationship between smoke yield and tipping materials of cigarette. A three levels full factorial design involving filament denier (X1,2.5-3.3d), Porosity of the acetate filter plug wrap (X2, 3,500-16,000CU) and porosity of the tip paper (X3, 400-1,200CU) was used. Three independent factors (Xl, X2, X3) were chosen for their effects on the various responses and the function was expressed in terms of a quadratic polynomial equation, Y : $\beta$o + $\beta$1Xl + $\beta$2X2 + $\beta$3X3 + $\beta$11Xl2 + $\beta$22X22+ $\beta$33X32 + $\beta$12X1X2 + $\beta$13XIX3 $\beta$23X2X3 which measures the linear, quadratic, and interaction effects. Twenty-nine trial numbers were obtained as a results of using a three levels full factorial design and it was analyzed by the multiple regression analysis with backward stepwise in STATISTICA/pc under restricted conditions. Tar yields of the cigarette was affected by porosity of tip paper (0.66), filament denier (0.47) and porosity of plug wrap (0.28) in the decreasing order, and linear effect of tip paper porosity (B3) and filament denier (91) were significant at a level of 0.01($\alpha$). The filament denier and tipping paper porosity interaction F ratio among three factors had a P-value of 0,000041, indicating higher interaction between these factors. Based on the analysis of variance, the model fitted for Tar (Y1) was significant at 5% confidence level and the coefficient of determination (0.96) was the proportion of variability in the data fitted for by the model.
In this study red ginseng was extracted with ethanol and then fermented by yeasts including Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium longum. Fermented red ginseng extracts(FRGE) were found to be more effective antioxidants in vitro with regards to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity than red ginseng extracts(RGE). In FRGE, the contents of ginsenosides $Rb_1$, $-Rb_2$ and -Rc were much lower than in RGE, however, the contents of ginsenosides 20(S)$-Rg_3$, 20(R)$-Rg_3$ and compound K were higher than RGE. FRGE was added to Yanggaeng(0, 5, 10, 15, 20%), and physicochemical and sensory evaluations of the Yanggaeng were conducted. The L and b values of Yanggaeng with added FRGE were decreased by increasing the ratio of FRGE, while the a value was increased. Sensory evaluations for, taste, color, flavor, texture and overall acceptability of Yanggaeng with addition of FRGE (10%) were applicable for improving the Yanggaeng product.
This study aimed for exploring the best recipe of Seosokbyung with different ingredient ratios of glutinous millet flour, sugar, and water added to rice flour. The most desirable recipe was determined by sensory evaluation and mechanical test for measuring texture, moisture content and colorimetry. The best score for each sensory item was obtained in the following condition: Color-245g(70%) of glutinous millet flour, 50g of sugar with 10$m\ell$ of water in 105g of rice flour. Flavor-l75g(50%) of glutinous millet flour with a 80$m\ell$of honey in 175g of rice flour. Graininess and Moistness-245g(70%) of glutinous millet flour with 70$m\ell$ of honey in 105g of rice flour. Chewiness-2I0g(60%) of glutinous millet flour, 60g of sugar with 20$m\ell$ of water in 140g of rice flour. Sweetness-l75g (50%) of glutinous millet flour 7g of sugar with 25$m\ell$ of water in 175g of rice flour. As a result of mechanical examination, the best score for springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, gumminess, adhesiveness was obtained in the recipe of 175g (50%) of glutinous millet flour with 80$m\ell$ of sugar in 175g of rice flour, and that for hardness in the one of 245g (70%) of glutinous millet flour with 70$m\ell$ of honey in rice flour As the less amount of glutinous millet flour was added, the scores for springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, gumminess and adhesiveness were increased, and the addition of honey gave higher scores than sugar or oligosaccharide(P<0.05) The best recipe of Seosokbyung was 140g of rice flour, 2 l0g of glutinous millet flour, 60g of sugar, 20$m\ell$ of water and 3.5g of salt. The moisture contents of rice flour and glutinous millet flour were 31.6% and 13.3%, respectively. The content of moisture in the best recipe of the Seosokbyung is approximately 36.101%. The moisture content higher than 36% gave better sensory scores in chewiness and moistness. As a result of colorimetry, the most bright ‘L’value(Lightness) was obtained from 175g of rice flour mixed with 175g (50%) of glutinous millet flour, 70g of sugar and 25$m\ell$ of water. The highest ‘a’ value(Redness) was gained from 175g of rice flour mixed with 175g (50%) of glutinous millet flour and 80$m\ell$ of honey. The best ‘b’ value(Yellowness) was obtained from 140g of rice flour, 210g (60% of rice flour) of glutinous millet flour, 60g of sugar and 20$m\ell$ of water.
The purpose of this study is the basic research of self-compacting concrete using Alkali-Activated Slag (AAS) binder in order to emphasize the durability of structures and facilitate casting the fresh concrete in field. The AAS binder emitted low carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) is eco friendly material of new concept because AAS products not only emit little $CO_2$ during production but also reuse the industrial by-products such as ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) of the steel mill. Until now, almost of domestic and foreign research are using Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) for self-compacting concrete, and also, nonexistent research about AAS. The self-compacting concrete must get the performance of flowability, segregation resistance, filling and passing ability. Nine concrete mixes were prepared with the main parameter of unit amount of binder (400, 500, 600 $kg/m^3$) and 3 types of water-binder (W/B) ratio. The results of test were that fresh concretes were satisfied with flowability, segregation resistance, and filling ability of JSCE. But the passing ability was not meet the criteria of EFNARC because of higher viscosity of AAS paste than OPC. This high viscosity of AAS paste enables the manufacturing of self compacting concrete, segregation of which does not occur without the using of viscosity agent. It is necessary that the development of high fluidity AAS binders of higher strength and the study of better passing ability of AAS concrete mixes in order to use self compacting AAS concrete in field.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.