• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.1738-1742
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• 2000

A study was conducted to determine the ileal digestibility (ID) of amino acids and feeding values of spray dried plasma protein (SDPP) and spray dried porcine intestine hydrolysate (SDPI) in early-weaned pigs. Twelve pigs aged 18 days old (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc; $5.83{\pm}0.51kg$ BW) were cannulated in the terminal ileum for determination of ID of amino acids. Ninety pigs ($6.28{\pm}0.1kg$, 18 days old) were also employed for a feeding trial during phase I period. Treatments were: 1) 6% SDPP, 2) 6% SDPI, and 3) 3% SDPP+3% SDPI. The apparent and true ID values of the essential amino acids except leucine, methionine and valine were lower (p<0.01) in SDPI than in SDPP. The average apparent ID of essential amino acids in SDPP and SDPI were 75.63 and 71.30%, and the average true ID of essential amino acids 84.83 and 80.51%, respectively. The ADG and feed conversion ratio in piglets fed the 6% SDPP diet were better (p<0.01) than in those fed the 6% SDPI diet. When 3% of SDPP was replaced by SDPI, however, the growth rate and efficiency of pigs were comparable to those in pigs fed 6% SDPP. In conclusion, SDPP can be partially replaced by SDPI without any detrimental effect on growth performance in early-weaned pigs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.815-822
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• 2021

Indigenous fungus-feeding nematodes may adversely affect the growth and activity of introduced biocontrol fungi. Alginate pellets of the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum ThzID1-M3 and sclerotia of the fungal plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were added to nonsterile soil at a soil water potential of -50 or -1,000 kPa. The biomass of ThzID1-M3, nematode populations, and extent of colonization of sclerotia by ThzID1-M3 were monitored over time. The presence of ThzID1-M3 increased the nematode population under both moisture regimes (p < 0.05), and fungivores comprised 69-75% of the nematode population. By day 5, the biomass of ThzID1-M3b and its colonization of sclerotia increased and were strongly correlated (R² = 0.98), followed by a rapid reduction, under both regimes. At -50 kPa (the wetter of the two environments), fungal biomass and colonization by ThzID1-M3 were less, in the period from 5 to 20 days, while fungivores were more abundant. These results indicate that ThzID1-M3 stimulated the population growth of fungivorous nematodes, which in turn, reduced the biocontrol ability of the fungus to mycoparasitize sclerotia. However, colonization incidence reached 100% by day 5 and remained so for the experimental period under both regimes, although hyphal fragments disappeared by day 20. Our results suggest that indigenous fungivores are an important constraint for the biocontrol activity of introduced fungi, and sclerotia can provide spatial refuge for biocontrol fungi from the feeding activity of fungivorous nematodes.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2017

Background: Recently symptoms-based screening questionnaires have gained attention for screening for a neuropathic pain component (NePC) in various chronic pain conditions. The present study assessed the usefulness of four commonly used NePC screening questionnaires including the Self-completed douleur neuropathique 4 (S-DN4), the ID Pain, the painDETECT questionnaire (PDQ), and the Self-completed Leeds Assessment of neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (S-LANSS) questionnaire in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) to assess the presence of NePC. Methods: This is a single-center cross-sectional study where patients with CLBP, with or without leg pain, were included. Participants were initially screened for NePC presence by a physician according to the regular practice, and later assessed using screening questionnaires. The diagnostic accuracy of these questionnaires was compared assuming the physician-made diagnosis as the gold standard. Results: A total of 215 patients with CLBP of which 164 (76.3%, 95% CI, 70.2-81.5) had a NePC were included. S-DN4, ID Pain, and PDQ have an area under the curve (AUC) > 0.8 indicating excellent discrimination. However, S-LANSS has an AUC of 0.69 (0.62-0.75), indicating low discrimination. S-DN4 has a significantly higher AUC as compared to ID Pain (d(AUC) = 0.063, P < 0.01) and S-LANSS (d(AUC) = 0.197, P < 0.01). But the AUC of S-DN4 does not significantly differ from that of PDQ (d(AUC) = 0.013, P = 0.62). Conclusions: S-DN4, ID Pain, and PDQ, but not S-LANSS, have good discriminant validity to screen for NePCs in patients with CLBP. Despite using all the tests, 20-30% of patients with an NePC were missed. Thus, these questionnaires can only be used as an initial clue in screening for NePCs, but do not replace clinical judgment.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2009

본 우리나라 고리원전 1호기의 주제어실은 2007년에 부분 개선되었고 2013년에 완전 개량형화 될 예정이다. 부분 개선을 통해 원래의 아나로그 설비를 일부 대체하는 디지털 제어설비가 도입되었으며 안전변수표시 장치같이 단독으로 사용되던 전산시스템이 발전소 전산시스템에 통합되었다. 2015년에는 디지털화를 바탕으로 한 한국표준원전주제어실의 개량이 예정되어 있으나 현장 엔지니어와 운전원들은 개량형주제어실에 대해 호의적이지 않은 실정이다. 따라서 현장 운전원과 엔지니어들의 수용성을 제고하고 또한 사용자 인터페이스와 계측제어 구조를 평가하기 위한 표준형원전의 개량형주제어실 모형이 개발되었으며 모형에는 운전원들의 업무 지원성을 향상시킬 수 있도록 화면이 다중 층으로 구성되며 층간에는 상황추종메뉴로 연결되어 있는 P&ID 베이스 디스플레이 시스템이 채택되었다. 이 시스템은 첫 번째 층에는 간략화 된 P&ID가 디스플레이 되고 계속해서 자세한 추가 정보를 디스플레이 할 수 있도록 고안하였다. 디지털 시스템의 신뢰성과 운전성을 고려한 한국표준원전 개량형주제어실(MCR)의 최종형태가 제시되었으며 추가해서 운전에 영향을 미치지 않도록 발전소 정기보수 기간 중에 주제어실 현대화 작업을 수행할 수 있는 방안이 제시되었다.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2010

We prove the global (in time) vorticity existence for the 2-D Euler equations of a perfect incompressible fluid in $B^0_{{\infty},1}({\mathbb{R}}^2){\cap}L^p({\mathbb{R}}^2)$ with 1 < p < 2. Moreover, we prove that the particle trajectory map X(x, t) satisfies the following estimate: for some positive constant C $${\parallel}X^{\pm1}(\cdot,\;t)-id(\cdot){\parallel}_{B^1_{\infty,1}}{\leq}Ce^{e^{Ct}}$$, where id represents the identity map on ${\mathbb{R}}^2$.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.294-300
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• 2000

Purpose: The aim of this study was to find the clinical characteristics of the patients who had temporomandibular joint internal derangement(ID) with disc adhesion(adhesion group) compared to only disc displacement without disc adhesion, perforation, hyperemia, and so on(ID group). Materials and methods: Thirty seven joints were included in adhesion group and 54 joints in ID group of all 174 patients(174 joints) treated surgically and had been checked periodically over 12 months at TMJ clinic of Yongdong Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, between 1992 and 1997. Mouth opening range, pain during mouth opening and biting, headache, neck/shoulder pain and TMJ sound were checked his/her every visit before and after surgery. Results: The maximum mouth opening was improved significantly after postoperative 3 months in two groups(p<0.01), but adhesion group was less improved. Pain during mouth opening was improved significantly over 3 months after surgery in adhesion group(p<0.01), but in ID group 1 month after surgery. Biting pain was improved and maintained it after surgery and not significant difference between two groups. Headache and neck/shoulder pain were much improved after surgery(p<0.01), but slight relapse was found in adhesion group after 12 months. TMJ sound was more found in adhesion group after 1 month(p<0.05), but after 3 months, no significant difference was found between two groups. Conclusions: The postoperative results of adhesion group were worse than ID group. Therefore, it is considered more carefully to diagnose and treat in cases of internal derangement with adhesion.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.450-457
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• 2024

Background: The inflation-deflation (ID) method has long been the standard for intraoperative margin assessment in segmentectomy. However, with advancements in vision technology, the use of near-infrared mapping with indocyanine green (ICG) has become increasingly common. This study was conducted to compare the perioperative outcomes and resection margins achieved using these methods. Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent direct segmentectomy for clinical stage I lung cancer between January 2018 and September 2022. We compared perioperative factors, including bronchial and parenchymal resection margins, according to the margin assessment method and the type of segmentectomy performed. Since the ICG approach was adopted in April 2021, we also examined a recent subgroup of patients treated from then onward. Results: A total of 319 segmentectomies were performed. ID and ICG were utilized for 261 (81.8%) and 58 (18.2%) patients, respectively. Following April 2021, 61 patients (51.3%) were treated with ID, while 58 (48.7%) received ICG. We observed no significant difference in resection margins between ID and ICG for bronchial (2.7 cm vs. 2.3 cm, p=0.07) or parenchymal (2.5 cm vs. 2.3 cm, p=0.46) margins. Additionally, the length of hospitalization and the complication rate were comparable between groups. Analysis of the recent subgroup confirmed these findings, showing no significant differences in resection margins (bronchial: 2.6 cm vs. 2.3 cm, p=0.25; parenchymal: 2.4 cm vs. 2.3 cm, p=0.75), length of hospitalization, or complication rate. Conclusion: The perioperative outcomes and resection margins achieved using ID and ICG were comparable, suggesting that both methods can safely guide segmentectomy procedures.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

To calculate and predict soil carbon budget and cycle, it is important to understand the complex interrelationships involved in soil respiration rate (Rs). We attempted to reveal relationships between Rs and key environmental factors, such as soil temperature, using a laboratory incubation method. Soil samples were collected from mature deciduous (MD), mature coniferous (MC), immature deciduous (ID), and immature coniferous (IC) forests. Prior to measure, soils were pre-incubated for 3 days at $25^{\circ}C$ and 60% of maximum water holding capacity (WHC). Samples of gasses were collected with 0, 2, and 4 h interval after the beginning of the measurement at soil temperatures of 5, 15, 25, and $35^{\circ}C$ (at 60% WHC). Air samples were collected using a syringe attached to the cap of closed bottles that contained the soil samples. The $CO_2$ concentration of each gas sample was measured by gas chromatography. Rs was strongly correlated with soil temperature (r, 0.93 to 0.96; P < 0.001). For MD, MC, ID, and IC soils taken from 0-5 cm below the surface, exponential functions explained 90%, 82%, 92%, and 86% of the respective data plots. The temperature and Rs data for soil taken from 5-10 cm beneath the surface at MD, MC, ID, and IC sites also closely fit exponential functions, with 83%, 95%, 87%, and 89% of the data points, respectively, fitting an exponential curve. The soil organic content in mature forests was significantly higher than in soils from immature forests (P < 0.001 at 0-5 cm and P < 0.005 at 5-10 cm) and surface layer (P = 0.04 at 0-5 cm and P = 0.12). High soil organic matter content is clearly associated with high Rs, especially in the surface layer. We determined that the incubation method used in this study have the possibility for comprehending complex characteristic of Rs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.897-902
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• 2015

PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue), as a tumor suppressor gene, plays a significant role in regulating cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. Results from published studies for association between the PTEN IVS4 I/D (rs3830675) polymorphism and cancer risk are inconsistent and inconclusive. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the potential association between PTEN IVS4 I/D polymorphism and risk of cancer in detail. We searched PubMed (Medline) and EMBASE web databases to cover all relevant studies published until December 2013. The meta-analysis was carried out and pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were used to appraise the strength of association. A total of 1,993 confirmed cancer cases and 3,200 controls were included from six eligible case-control studies. Results from overall pooled analysis suggested a significant effect of the PTEN IVS4 I/D polymorphism and cancer risk in all genetic models, i.e., allele (I vs D: OR=0.743, 95%CI=0.648 to 0.852, p=0.001), homozygous (II vs DD: OR=0.673, 95%CI=0.555 to 0.816, p=0.001), heterozygous (ID vs DD: OR=0.641, 95%CI=0.489 to 0.840, p=0.001), dominant (II+ID vs DD: OR=0.626, 95%CI=0.489 to 0.802, p=0.001) and recessive (II vs DD+ID: OR=0.749, 95%CI=0.631 to 0.889, p=0.001). Significant publication bias was detected during the analysis. The present meta-analysis suggests that the PTEN IVS4 I/D polymorphism is significantly associated with reduced risk of cancer. However, future larger studies with other groups of populations are warranted to clarify this association.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.447-453
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• 2013

Osteoblastic activity of nectandrin A was examined in C2C12 cells. Nectandrin A enhances the BMP-induced osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization, manifested by the up-regulation of differentiation markers (alkaline phosphatase and osteogenic genes) and increased calcium contents. In C2C12 cells co-transfected with expression vector encoding Smad4 and Id1-Luc reporter, nectandrin A increased Id1 luciferase activity in a concentration-dependent manner, when compared to that in BMP-2 treated cells, indicating that Smad signaling pathway is associated with nectandrin A-enhanced osteoblastic differentiation in C2C12 cells. In addition, nectandrin A activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in time- and concentration-dependent manners, and phosphorylated form of pSmad1/5/8 and alkaline phosphatase activity were both decreased when the cells were pretreated with SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, suggesting that p38 MAPK might be an upstream kinase for Smad signaling pathway. Taken together, nectandrin A enhances the BMP-induced osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization of C2C12 cells via activation of p38 MAPK-Smad signaling pathway, and it has a therapeutic potential for osteoporosis by promoting bone formation.