• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제22권E2호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2006

Two tobacco cultivars (Nicotiana tabacum L.), Bel-B and Bel-W3, tolerant and sensitive to ozone, respectively, were grown in a greenhouse supplied with charcoal filtered air and exposed to 200 ppb ozone for 4 hr. Effects on chlorophyll fluorescence, net photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance are described. Quantum yield was calculated from chlorophyll fluorescence and the initial slope of the assimilation-light curve measured by the gas exchange method. Only the sensitive cultivar, Bel-W3, developed visual injury symptoms on up to 50% of the $5^{th}$ leaf. The maximum net photosynthetic rate of ozone-treated plants was reduced 40% compared to control plants immediately after ozone fumigation in the tolerant cultivar; however, photosynthesis recovered by 24 hr post fumigation and remained at the same level as control plants. On the other hand, ozone exposure reduced maximum net photosynthesis up to 50%, with no recovery, in the sensitive cultivar apparently causing permanent damage to the photosystem. Reductions in apparent quantum efficiency, calculated from the assimilation-light curve, differed between cultivars. Bel-B showed an immediate depression of 14% compared to controls, whereas, Bel-W3 showed a 27% decline. Electron transport rate (ETR), at saturating light intensity, decreased 58% and 80% immediately after ozone treatment in Bel-B and Bel-W3, respectively. Quantum yield decreased 28% and 36% in Bel-B and Bel-W3, respectively. It can be concluded that ozone caused a greater relative decrease in linear electron transport than maximum net photosynthesis, suggesting greater damage to PSII than the carbon reduction cycle.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.110-115
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• 2004

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants were cultivated to examine changes in antioxidative defence mechanism induced by elevated ozone levels. Catalase activities in tolerant Jinpumbyeo and susceptible Chucheongbyeo under ozone fumigation were reduced at 5 hrs and 3 hrs after ozone fumigation, respectively. With the increased ozone supply, peroxidase activity in Jinpumbyeo was steadily enhanced whereas in Chucheongbyeo it was not changed. Four SOD-isozymes were detected by NBT staining of native-PAGE. Two isozymes of them were obviously induced by ozone supply, particularly in Jinpumbyeo. The continuous ozone fumigation increased remarkably putrescine levels in leaves whereas it did not affect the levels of spermidine and spermine. In this study, it was implied that ozone in cell inhibits strongly diamine oxidase and thus promotes ethylene biosynthesis which will cause the senescence in rice plants.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2009

American sycamore seedlings were grown in chambers with two different ozone concentrations ($O_3$-free air and air with additional $O_3$) for 45 days. Both the control and the $O_3$ chambers included non-fertilized and fertilized plants. After 18 days of $O_3$ fumigation, seedlings were placed in a clean chamber for 27 days. Seedlings under ozone fumigation showed a significant decrease in pigment contents and photosynthetic activity, and a significant increase in lipid peroxidation. Fertilization enhanced physiological damage such as the inhibition of photosynthetic activity and the increase of lipid peroxidation under ozone fumigation. During the recovery phase, the physiological damage level of seedlings increased with ozone fumigation. In addition, physiological damage was observed in the fertilized seedlings. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities of $O_3$-treated seedlings increased up to 33.8% and 16.3% in the fertilized plants. The increase of SOD activity was higher in the fertilized plants than in the non-fertilized plants. Negative effects of ozone treatment were observed in the biomass of the leaves and the total dry weight of the fertilized sycamore seedlings. The $O_3$-treated seedlings decreased in stem, root and total dry weight, and the loss of biomass was statistically significant in the fertilized plants. In conclusion, physiological disturbance under normal nutrient conditions has an effect on growth response. In contrast, in conditions of energy shortage, although stress represents a physiological inhibition, it does not seem to affect the growth response.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.299-303
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• 1996

미국사시나무(Populus tremuloides)의 삽목개체에 오존이 엽록소함량의 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 오존은 일일 6시간씩, 주 3일간 연속적으로 open-top chamber에서 fumigation 하였다. 오존처리는 괴사반점과 광범위한 chlorosis 등 잎 조직에 심각한 상해를 발생시켰다. 오존처리에 의한 엽록소의 분해는 완전히 성숙한 잎에서 현저하게 관찰되었으나 어린 잎에서는 분해가 거의 보이지 않았다. 오존처리에 대한 엽록소의 반응은 실험 전 기간에 걸쳐 모든 실험대상식물에 있어 일정한 양상을 보였다. 또한 clone 별로 오존 민감성에 따라 엽록소함량의 변화에 상당한 유전적 변이를 보였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.333-340
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• 1996

The relationship between ozone-induced damages and ethylend evolution was examined in tomato plants fumigated with ozone of 0.2 $\mu\ell/\ell$. The rate of evolution of ethylent by tomato plants was enhanced by ozone fumigation. Pretreatment of leaves with aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), an inhibitor of ethylene evolution, significantly inhibited the evolution of ethylene that was induced by ozone and concomitantly reduced the extent of ozone-induced visible damage to leaves. Treatment with 2,5-norbonadiene (NBD), and inhibitor of the action of ethylene, strongly reduced the extent of visible damage caused by ozone, even though it did not suppress the evolution of ethylene. These results indicated that ethylene might play an important role in ozone-induced plant injuries at relatively short terms of ozone fumigation. Next, we examined the effect of tiron, a scanvenger of the free-radical, on evolution of ethylene and leaf injury caused by ozone. Tiron treatment strongly reduced the extent of ozone-induced injury, but had not inhibitory effect on the evolution of ethylene from tomato leaves. This result suggests the involvement of free-radical, such as superoxide radicals, in induction of injuries caused by ozone.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제95권3호
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• pp.323-327
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• 2006

국내 주요 경제수종인 소나무의 내성 가계와 민감성 가계간의 오존에 대한 피해반응 및 내성반응을 알아보고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 내성 가계와 민감성 가계를 각각 5가계씩 선발하여 오존 100 ppb 농도에서 90일간 처리를 하여 근원경 생장, SOD 활성, MDA 함량을 측정하였다. 근원경 생장에서 오존 처리 초기에 내성 가계가 민감성 가계에 비하여 약 3배 높은 생장율을 보였으며, 처리 기간 동안 내성 가계의 생장이 더 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 대조구에 대한 처리구의 SOD 활성비는 민감성 가계의 경우 오존 처리 초기에 증가하고 처리 기간이 길어짐에 따라서 지속적으로 감소한 반면, 내성 가계는 60일까지 증가한 후 감소하였다. 오존 처리구의 MDA 함량은 대조구에 비하여 전체적으로 높게 나타났으며, 민감성 가계가 내성 가계보다 높은 MDA 함량을 나타냈다. 따라서 내성 가계는 민감성 가계에 비하여 항산화 능력이 우수하기 때문에 지질과산화 작용을 억제하는 등 생리적 장애를 극복하는 능력이 높아 생장감소가 적게 나타나는 것으로 판단된다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.239-244
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• 1997

Hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa $\times$ P. deltoides) clones were fumigated with ozone. Fumigation was applied for 6 to 8 hours each day for approximately 3 months at ozone concentrations of 0.090 to 0.115 ppm using by open-top chambers. Growth and biomass of hybrid poplar seedlings were reduced by ozone exposure. Mean percentage of falling leaves in ozone-treated plant was 6 times higher than that of charcoal-filtered plant. Among physiological responses, rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and initial Rubisco activity were significantly lower in seedlings grown in ozone environment compared seedlings grown in charcoal-filtered air. All these physiological results supported that biochemical process to be a key feature to understand reduction in photosynthesis.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권5호
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• pp.551-560
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• 2007

We investigated physiological damages and biochemical alleviation of five species of genus Acer under ozone fumigation in order to assess their tolerant ability against ozone toxicity. At the end of 150 ppb $O_3$ fumigation, photosynthetic characteristics were measured, and chlorophyll contents, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidative enzyme activities were analyzed in the leaves of five maple trees (Acer buergerianum, A. ginnala, A. mono, A. palmatum, and A. palmatum var. sanguineum). The reduction of chlorophyll (chl) a in ozone-exposed plants was 16.8% (A. buergerianum) to 26.7% (A. ginnala) of control plants. For the content of chi b, A. ginnala and A. palmatum var. sanguineum represented the high reduction of 26.3% and 23.6%, respectively. The highest reduction on the chi a:b ratio was observed in the leaves of A. palmatum. The reduction of net photosynthesis in five species varied from 2.4% to 37.6%. Among five species, A. ginnala showed remarkable reduction (37.6%) for net photosynthesis in comparison with control. Carboxylation efficiency differed significantly (P < 0.05) among species and between control and ozone treatment. The reduction of carboxylation efficiency was the highest in the leaves of A. ginnala (44.7%). A. palmatum var. sanguineum showed the highest increase (41.7%) for MDA content. The highest increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity represented in A. palmatum (26.1%) and the increase of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity ranged from 16.5% (A. ginnala) to 49.1% (A. palmatum var. sanguineum). A. mono showed the highest increase (376.6%) of glutathione reductase (GR) activity under ozone fumigation and A. buergerianum also represented high increase (42.3%) of GR activity. Catalse (CAT) activity increased in the leaves of A. ginnala, A. palmatun and A. palmatum var. sanguineum under ozone exposure, whereas A. buergerianum and A. mono decreased in comparison with control plants. In conclusion, physiological markers such as chlorophyll content and photosynthesis that responded sensitively to $O_3$ in maple trees were considered as the very important indicators in order to evaluate the tolerance against $O_3$ stress, and parameters were closely related with each other. Among anti oxidative enzymes, SOD and APX might be contributed to alleviate to $O_3$ toxicity through the increase of activity in all maple trees. Therefore, these compounds can be used as a biochemical maker to assess the stress tolerance to $O_3$.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 1982

수도(水稻)(서광(曙光)벼)의 활착기(活着期), 분고최성기(分藁最盛期), 유수형성기(幼穗形成期), 출수기(出穗期)때에 ozone가스 0.5ppm을 4시간(時間)씩 가스접촉실내(接觸室內)에서 접촉(接觸)시켜 가스접촉후(接觸後)에 나타나는 피해증상(被害症狀), 피해엽률(被害葉率), 엽록소함양(葉綠素含量) 및 peroxidase의 활성(活性)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) Ozone 가스에 의(依)한 수도엽(水稻葉)의 피해증상(被害症狀)은 은백색(銀白色)의 미세(微細)한 반점(斑點)이 엽맥(葉脈)을 따라 발생(發生)되며, 적갈색(赤褐色)${\sim}$암갈색(暗褐色)의 반점(斑點)이 발생(發生)되는 경우(境遇)도 있었다. 2) Ozone가스 접촉(接觸)에 의(依)한 수도(水稻)의 생육시기별 감수정도(生育時期別 減收程度)는 분고최성기(分藁最盛期)>유수형성기(幼穗形成期)>활착기(活着期)>출수기(出穗期)의 순(順)이었다. 3) Ozone가스 접촉(接觸)에 의(依)한 수도(水稻)의 생육시기별 피해엽률(生育時期別 被害葉率) 및 엽록소감소정도(葉綠素減少程度)는 분고최성기(分藁最盛期)>활착기(活着期)>유수형성기(幼穗形成期)>출수기(出穗期)의 순(順)이었다. 4) Ozone가스 접촉(接觸)으로 수도엽중(水稻葉中)의 실소함량(室素含量)이 감소(減少)되었고 도체엽중 실소함량(稻體葉中 室素含量)이 높은 시기(時期)에 피해(被害)가 컷다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate Ozone which we have to contact in our daily lives. Recently Ozone becomes a serious pollutant in the inside and outside. To select th indicator plants or the purifier plants for air pollution caused by ozone, this stud has been conducted with interior landscape plant of 10 species. The results are as follows; 1) The visible demage by Ozone was firstly observed on Viburnum awabuki among 10 species, and it occurred after the lapse of 10, 8 and 4 hours on 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 ppm ozone treatment, respectively. The first symptom of visible demage appeared on chlorosis or blotting of leaves, then progressed on necrosis of leaves. 2) On the other hand, Litsea japonica and Ardisia japonica were so resistant against Ozone fumigation that they were not demage independently of Ozone concentration till the lapse of 60 hours. 3) Chlorophyll contents were decreased by the increased Ozone concentration. At this time, grana destruction was observed. The most sensitive plant to ozone was Viburnum awabuki, and we suggest that Viburnum awabuki would be possible one to use for the indicator plant. The most resistance plant to Ozone was Litsea japonic and Ardisia japonica, we suggest that Litsea japonica and Ardisia japonica would be possible to use for the purifier plant for Ozone pollution.